Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Dynamic Cell Populations and Immune Infiltration in Moyamoya Disease.

Background: The cellular composition and molecular mechanisms of the pathological arteries in Moyamoya disease (MMD) remain poorly understood. To improve our understanding of pathogenesis in MMD, we aimed to comprehensively map the cellular composition and molecular alterations within the pathological arteries of patients with MMD.

Methods: Superficial temporal artery samples were collected from patients with MMD (n=2) and healthy controls (n=3), yielding a total of 26 371 cells that were used for single-cell RNA sequencing.

Optimizing extended ablation margins in papillary thyroid carcinoma using digital pathology.

Background: To reduce the risk of local recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) after thermal ablation, in clinical practice, the ablation area is typically extended 2-3 mm beyond the original tumor margin. However, there is no definitive evidence to support the validity of this extended margin.

Objective: The objective of this study was to measure the distance from the edge of a PTC to the farthest point of tumor infiltration using digital pathology and to analyze the associated risk factors.

Who Tells the Story of the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia?-A Bibliometric Analysis From 2003 to 2023.

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a common form of nonscarring hair loss that affects both men and women, significantly influencing psychological well-being and quality of life. Although AGA accounts for over 90% of male hair loss, there has been limited bibliometric analysis to guide the direction of research and the development of treatments.

Methods: A thorough literature search was performed using the Web of Science database, resulting in the identification of 2203 articles on AGA treatment published between 2003 and 2023.

Relationship of intra-pancreatic fat deposition with low-density lipoprotein subfractions and hepatic lipase.

Aim: To investigate the associations of intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions and hepatic lipase.

Materials And Methods: IPFD was quantified using a single 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner.

A preliminary comparative study of microwave ablation for cervical lymph node metastases originating from papillary thyroid carcinoma vs. non-papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) for cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) originating from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) versus non-papillary thyroid carcinoma (non-PTC).

Methods: In this retrospective study, 262 patients with CLNM treated by MWA between July 2016 and May 2024 were included. Comparative study based on propensity score matching (PSM) between the PTC and non-PTC groups was carried out.

Advancing In Vivo Molecular Bioimaging With Optimal Frequency Offset Selection and Deep Learning Reconstruction for CEST MRI.

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging non-invasive molecular imaging technique offering significant potential for biomedical research and clinical applications. However, CEST MRI data acquisition requires prolonged scanning times, as data need to be collected at multiple frequency offsets to capture necessary information for accurate analysis of biological compounds. Faster CEST MRI will improve molecular imaging, advancing biomedical pre-clinical research studies and clinical applications.

Au-plasmon-assisted holographic azopolymer nano-cavity for wideband and low-threshold distributed feedback lasing.

Optically pumped polymer nanolasers drive the development of integrated optoelectronic devices. Introduction of surface plasmon into nanolasers can effectively enhance the local electromagnetic field in the optical pumping processes. However, significant quenching effects on organic fluorescence emissions bring the challenge in high-efficient lasing from the distributed feedback (DFB) nano-device loaded with noble metal particles.

Transcriptomic Meta-Analysis Unveils Shared Neurodevelopmental Toxicity Pathways and Sex-Specific Transcriptional Signatures of Established Neurotoxicants and Polystyrene Nanoplastics as an Emerging Contaminant.

Environmental contaminants exhibit heterogeneous neurotoxicity profiles, yet systematic comparisons between legacy neurotoxicants and emerging pollutants remain scarce. To address this gap, we implemented an integrative transcriptome meta-analysis framework that harmonized eight transcriptomic datasets spanning in vivo and in vitro neural models exposed to two legacy neurotoxicants (bisphenol A [BPA], 2, 2', 4, 4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether [BDE-47]) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) as an emerging contaminant. Our analysis revealed a substantial overlap (68% consistency) in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BPA and PSNPs, with shared enrichment in extracellular matrix disruption pathways (e.

Light-triggered degradable bridged polysilsesquioxane nanoplatforms for spatiotemporally controlled drug release.

Developing stimuli-responsive nanoplatforms is a promising strategy for controlling the release of targeted molecules. In this study, nitrobenzyl ester was chosen as a photoresponsive moiety to functionalize an organic bridged linker, facilitating the synthesis of a photoresponsive silane, namely 2-nitro-1,3-phenyl bis(methylene mercaptoacetate ester) bridged trimethoxysilane (SMS). Light-triggered degradable bridged polysilsesquioxane nanoparticles (SMPS) were achieved through hydrolysis-condensation reactions using SMS as a precursor in suspension polymerization.

Wenyang Jiedu Tongluo formula ameliorates diabetic kidney disease by regulating JAML/SIRT1 signaling to improve lipid metabolism in db/db mice.

Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is closely associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, which contributes to secondary renal injury. The JAML/SIRT1 signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating renal lipid metabolism during DKD progression. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of Wenyang Jiedu Tongluo Formula (WYJDTLF) on lipid metabolism in DKD, we conducted an animal study using db/db mice.

Optimizing dance motion reconstruction using a two-dimensional matrix approach with hybrid genetic and fuzzy logic differential evolution.

The development of dance movements using motion capture technology presents notable challenges, such as constraints related to body morphology, clothing interference, and the inherently nonlinear dynamics of human motion. Existing techniques generally struggle to accommodate intricate, nonlinear motions and encounter issues such as parameter sensitivity or prematurely becoming stuck in local solutions. This research study addresses the challenges mentioned above by developing a more precise method for reconstructing human dance movements.

Embedding Dual-Responsive Polymer@Enzyme in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks with a Hollow Space for Improving Its Catalytic Performance.

Herein, a stimuli-responsive polymer-support and sacrificial template strategy was introduced to modulate enzyme conformation freedom and generate nanoconfinement in porous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), addressing challenges in realizing improved catalytic performance, tolerance, and stability. A thermo- and pH-responsive poly(styrene-maleic anhydride-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was synthesized via a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization protocol. Through a chemical bonding strategy, alanine aminotransferase was immobilized on the smart polymer.

Bioassay-guided evaluation of a potent dual inhibitor of host and gut microbial α-glucosidases from Galla chinensis: mechanism insights and in silico studies.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by high blood glucose levels and has emerged as an increasing public health burden worldwide. α-Glucosidases from both host and gut microbiota played important roles in digestion of carbohydrate to monosaccharides. Dual inhibition against host and gut microbial α-glucosidases hold great potentials in regulating glucose absorption of T2DM patients.

Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes with tucatinib-based therapy in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: analyses of two nationwide administrative health claims databases.

Purpose: To describe real-world characteristics and clinical outcomes among patients with HER2+ MBC receiving tucatinib-based treatments.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with HER2+ MBC between January 2017 and December 2022 from two administrative health claims databases, MerativeMarketScan and the Komodo Healthcare Map. Patient characteristics were captured at baseline (≤ 6 months prior to tucatinib initiation).

Na,-K-ATPase Deficiency Exacerbates Cardiac Fibrosis via Promoting ERRα-Mediated Myocardial Cell Injury and Macrophage Activation Under Isoproterenol-Challenged Conditions.

Background: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the progression of tissue fibrosis. Our previous research demonstrated that Na, K-ATPase (NKA) α1 deficiency impairs mitochondrial function and accelerates isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac remodeling. This study aims to investigate the interplay between inflammation and NKAα1 deficiency in ISO-induced cardiac fibrosis.

Unraveling NK cell heterogeneity through single-cell sequencing: insights from physiological and tumor contexts for clinical applications.

Natural killer cells (NK cells) are important immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are considered the first line of defense in tumor immunity. Although many studies have focused on the role of NK cells in tumor therapy, the heterogeneity of NK cells complicates the investigation of the complex mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. Single-cell sequencing technology, with its high-resolution capability, reveals the gene expression profiles of individual NK cells, highlighting their heterogeneity and providing more accurate information for NK cell therapy.

Study on the micellar structure of pullulan modified by dodecenyl succinic anhydride in aqueous solution.

Dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA, a relatively longer alkyl chain) was used to hydrophobically modified pullulan (PUL) to obtain the PUL-DDSA with four different DS (degrees of substitution) samples. The micellar structure of PUL-DDSA in 0.05 M NaCl aqueous solution was investigated using two techniques: small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and pyrene-probe fluorescence.

Angiogenesis-related genes and immune microenvironment in moyamoya disease: a transcriptomic and functional analysis.

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic, progressive occlusive cerebrovascular disease. It causes recurrent cerebrovascular stroke due to vascular closure and proliferation. An unclear pathophysiological mechanism is the most significant obstacle in the diagnosis and treatment of MMD.

Ruminococcus and prostate cancer: new treatment opportunities on the gut-prostate axis.

Ruminococcus, as a pivotal member of the gut microbiota, exhibits dual roles in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of prostate cancer (particularly castration-resistant prostate cancer, CRPC) through its metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and androgen steroids. This review highlights that Ruminococcus modulates prostate cancer development and therapy by metabolizing androgen precursors, secreting SCFAs, and influencing immune checkpoints. The findings provide reference data on the impact of Ruminococcus on prostate cancer and further propose novel therapeutic strategies, such as dietary interventions and microbiota modulation, to enhance treatment efficacy.

The Moderating Role of Risk Attitude in the Relationship Between Childhood Stress and Depressive Symptoms.

The present study explored the role of two types of uncertainty attitudes, that is, risk and ambiguity, in the relationship between childhood stress and depressive symptoms among 214 undergraduates. Participants completed an economic decision-making task designed to assess their attitudes towards risk and ambiguity. Risk attitude and ambiguity attitude were quantified using a theoretical model of decision-making under uncertainty.

Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasound-Guided Thermal Ablation for Benign Thyroid Nodules versus Low-Risk Follicular Neoplasms: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of thermal ablation (TA) in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules (BTN) and follicular thyroid neoplasms (FTN).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 1900 patients with BTN or FTN who underwent TA between January 2016 and August 2024. Patients were categorized according to the Bethesda category, and propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to control for confounding factors.

Itaconate: A key regulator of immune responses and potential therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

Itaconate, a metabolite of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TAC), has gained increasing attention in recent years due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. It plays a crucial role in immune regulation by modulating signal transduction and posttranslational modification. Itaconate is derived from cis-aconitate decarboxylation and is produced by cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1) in the mitochondria.

Widespread remote introgression in the grass genomes.

Genetic transfers are pervasive across both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, encompassing canonical genomic introgression between species or genera and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) across kingdoms. However, DNA transfer between phylogenetically distant species, here defined as remote introgression (RI), has remained poorly explored in evolutionary genomics. In this study, we present RIFinder, a novel phylogeny-based method for RI event detection, and apply it to a comprehensive dataset of 122 grass genomes.

Mannose Oligosaccharide-Conjugated In Situ Pore-Forming Injectable Hydrogels for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment by Reprogramming Macrophage Extracellular Vesicles.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes severe cartilage erosion in joints. Current treatments are limited in accessing a 3D platform that not only supports chondrocyte recovery and new cartilage matrix formation but also effectively modulates the inflammatory environment, particularly through macrophage regulation and extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated functions. Here, an injectable hydrogel is developed incorporating mannose oligosaccharide (MOS)-modified chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic.

The homeobox gene Distal-less is critical for the development of adult body appendages in Bombyx mori.

The development of adult body appendages is critical for insects. The homeobox gene Distal-less (Dll) is known for its role in proximodistal patterning, and its role in the development of the appendage has been well studied in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. However, the biological function of Dll in other insects still remains to be further verified.