Post-washing using a Soxhlet apparatus improves the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of 3D printing resin in contaminated solvent.

Photopolymerization-based 3D printing is widely used in dental manufacturing due to its precision and customizability. However, printed resin specimens require effective post-washing to remove unpolymerized resin, which is a critical step that affects both their mechanical properties and biocompatibility. A conventional ultrasonic bath may fail to achieve effective post-washing due to solvent contamination by the residual resin, resulting in incomplete cleaning and possible redeposition.

Risk factors for surgical site infection after open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in treating degenerative lumbar diseases.

Open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (O-TLIF) is an acknowledged surgical technique for addressing lumbar degenerative diseases. Postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) can occur. This study aims to identify the independent risk factors for SSIs following O-TLIF in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis.

Variation in Community Leaf Stoichiometry and Nutrient Resorption Along an Elevational Gradient on the Northern Slope of the Kunlun Mountains.

Leaf stoichiometry and nutrient resorption are key indicators for assessing nutrient-use status and predicting nutrient limitation in plant growth. However, the patterns of variation in plant community nutrient-use traits along elevational gradients remain unclear. To address this, we measured leaf nutrient contents of plant communities across six elevational gradients (1960 to 3548 m) on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains.

Technological advances in solvents drive a significant decrease in VOC emissions and negative impacts from industrial solvent-use sources.

Industrial solvent use is a major source of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, posing significant environmental and health risks. However, the driving factors behind VOC reduction are rarely discussed for the specific emission source, impeding future regulatory efforts for this pollution source. This study investigates VOC emission profiles from solvent-based and water-based paints in industrial solvent use, with a focus on key drivers of emission and environmental/health risk.

Study on Microstructure and Properties of K-TIG Welded Joint of 95 mm Ti-6Al-4V Thick Plate.

This study investigates the application of the Keyhole-Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (K-TIG) hot-wire filling welding technique with mechanical arc oscillation to weld a 95 mm-thick Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate. The root layer thickness achieved with this technique reaches up to 17 mm, with an average filling thickness of 2.5 mm.

Au-plasmon-assisted holographic azopolymer nano-cavity for wideband and low-threshold distributed feedback lasing.

Optically pumped polymer nanolasers drive the development of integrated optoelectronic devices. Introduction of surface plasmon into nanolasers can effectively enhance the local electromagnetic field in the optical pumping processes. However, significant quenching effects on organic fluorescence emissions bring the challenge in high-efficient lasing from the distributed feedback (DFB) nano-device loaded with noble metal particles.

Self-powered vacuum ultraviolet photodetector based on a BAlN/Si/BAlN double heterojunction.

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and Al-doped BxAl1-xN films were grown on Si(100) substrates by means of a radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. These films have been fabricated into hBN/Si and BAlN/Si heterojunctions, respectively. The heterojunction of hBN/Si exhibited an excellent response to vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light at 185 nm.

Real-Time Cascaded State Estimation Framework on Lie Groups for Legged Robots Using Proprioception.

This paper proposes a cascaded state estimation framework based on proprioception for robots. A generalized-momentum-based Kalman filter (GMKF) estimates the ground reaction forces at the feet through joint torques, which are then input into an error-state Kalman filter (ESKF) to obtain the robot's prior state estimate. The system's dynamic equations on the Lie group are parameterized using canonical coordinates of the first kind, and variations in the tangent space are mapped to the Lie algebra via the inverse of the right trivialization.

Physical protection by soil aggregates drives carbon gains in mangrove restoration: Evidence from coastal aquaculture ponds.

Mangrove wetlands are vital carbon sinks, yet their area has sharply declined due to aquaculture. To evaluate soil carbon stock recovery, we analyzed six pond-to-mangrove restoration sites along China's southeastern coast, assessing changes in carbon components and their drivers. Restoration increased soil water content, salinity, and total nitrogen while reducing pH and bulk density.

Asymmetric Stress Engineering of Dense Dislocations in Brittle Superconductors for Strong Vortex Pinning.

Large lossless currents in high-temperature superconductors (HTS) critically rely on dense defects with suitable size and dimensionality to pin vortices, with dislocations being particularly effective due to their 1D geometry to interact extensively with vortex lines. However, in non-metallic compounds such as HTS with rigid lattices, conventional deformation methods typically lead to catastrophic fracture rather than dislocation-mediated plasticity, making it a persistent challenge to introduce dislocations at high density. Here, an asymmetric stress field strategy is proposed using extrusion to directly nucleate a high density of dislocations in HTS by activating shear-driven lattice slip and twisting under superimposed hydrostatic compression.

Nanophase separation and interfacial entanglements enable tough hybrid polymer networks.

Elastomers and hydrogels are essential components in soft robotics and biomedical devices due to their flexible and swollen polymer networks. However, designing soft polymeric materials that reconcile tunable water content and mechanical performance remains a key challenge. Here, we report hybrid polymer networks toughened by nanoscopic arrested phases.

Longitudinal associations between physical activity intensity and mental health problems in overweight/obese youth.

Mental health challenges in overweight/obese youth represent a growing public health concern. Physical activity (PA) may protect against adverse mental health outcomes in this population. However, research has yet to fully examine how specific PA dosage characteristics, such as PA intensity, affect mental health trajectories among overweight/obese youth.

Mucosal immunity and vaccination strategies: current insights and future perspectives.

The mucosal immune system represents a critical defense mechanism, safeguarding the body from an array of external pathogens. As the body's first line of immune protection, it plays an essential role in initiating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Through intricate networks of immune cells and complex molecular pathways, mucosal immunity orchestrates a robust defense not only at the local level but also activates systemic immune responses to ensure comprehensive protection.

The relationship between family health, stress, and self-efficacy on depression among university students: a large-scale national cross-sectional study.

Background: Depression is a prevalent mental disorder globally, significantly impacting university students who face unique challenges such as academic and family pressures. This study investigates the prevalence of depressive symptoms among university students, examining the mediating role of stress in the relationship between family health and depressive symptoms, and the moderating role of self-efficacy in these relationships during COVID-19.

Methods: A survey was conducted across various regions in China, collecting data from 1,193 university students.

Bta-miR-25 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis in cows by targeting DUSP10 to inhibit MAPK signaling.

Bovine endometritis is a common and serious disease that has caused huge economic losses and a decline in production performance in the dairy cattle industry. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role of bta-miR-25 in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BEND and its impact on endometritis. In this study, an in vitro endometritis model was constructed using LPS.

Mild Cu-Catalyzed Nitrogen-Iodine Exchange Strategy for the Synthesis of Non-Symmetric ,-Bicarbazole Scaffolds Using Cyclic Iodoniums.

Copper/organic base-mediated dual -arylation of -amino carbazoles with cyclic diaryliodonium salts at room temperature has been unlocked, yielding nonsymmetric ,-bicarbazoles with a broad scope, especially tolerating all halogens (F, Cl, Br, and I). Besides, -amino indole, pyrrole, piperidine, morpholine, and piperazines all proved to be suitable coupling partners. The bottom-up access from inorganic hydrazine and cyclic iodoniums through double N-I exchange is also presented.

On-chip three-mode (de-)multiplexer based on a grooved waveguide MMI coupler on an InP platform.

A compact on-chip three-mode (de-)multiplexer based on a grooved waveguide multimode interferometer (GW-MMI) coupler was demonstrated on an indium phosphide (InP) platform for the first time. Two grooves were incorporated into the GW-MMI structure to facilitate the generation of three discrete waveguides that would effectively confine the self-images and enhance the phase-matching condition between them, resulting in a significantly more compact MMI length of just 198 μm. The ridge waveguides were fabricated using a conventional contact lithography process, which is both straightforward and cost-effective.

Brillouin adaptive self-supervised denoising: a denoising method trained without simulated dataset for Brillouin optical time domain analyzer.

Brillouin optical time domain analyzer (BOTDA) is a distributed fiber optic sensor in which noise in the Brillouin gain spectra (BGS) significantly affects sensing range, spatial resolution, and Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) extraction accuracy. To maximize the utility of collected BGS and enhance BOTDA performance, we propose Brillouin Adaptive Self-supervised dEnoising (BASE), which we believe to be a novel denoising method based on self-supervised learning. BASE can directly utilize collected BGS data, generating sufficient training samples even from a limited number of noisy BGS images, to enable robust and efficient denoising.

Direct patterning and optical properties of quantum dot films based on UV micro-LEDs.

Quantum dots (QDs) are a promising material for color conversion, and their combination with micro light-emitting diode(micro-LED) devices holds great promise for applications in areas such as displays and optical communications. In this study, QD films with different colors and layers were prepared, and different QD patterns with pixel sizes of 14-20 µm were directly patterned on the QD films using a maskless photolithography system based on micro-LEDs. Furthermore, the optical properties of QD films under 405 nm micro-LED excitation were investigated.

Learning spatio-temporal context for basketball action pose estimation with a multi-stream network.

Accurate athlete pose estimation in basketball is crucial for game analysis, player training, and tactical decision-making. However, existing pose estimation methods struggle to effectively address common challenges in basketball, such as motion blur, occlusions, and complex backgrounds. To tackle these issues, this paper proposes a basketball action pose estimation framework, which first leverages a multi-dimensional data stream network to extract spatial, temporal, and contextual information separately.

Polysaccharide isolated from Dahlia root tubers affects the proliferation of HUVECs and promotes angiogenesis in zebrafish.

Dahlia root tubers are rich in polysaccharides with various biological activities. However, reports on isolation and structural characterization of these polysaccharides remain limited. In this study, a neutral polysaccharide (DLH-W) was isolated from Dahlia root tubers.

Comparison of the acute effects of breaking up prolonged sitting time with single-task or a dual-task walking on cognitive function and cerebral blood flow in older adults: a randomized crossover trial.

This randomized cross-over study examined the acute effects of single-task or dual-task walking physical activity (PA) breaks of prolonged sitting among healthy older adults on cognitive performance and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv). Twenty-seven healthy older adults (69.4 ± 5.

A Microsurgical Technique for Removing the Spermatheca of Bumblebee Females and Its Application.

To solve the technical bottleneck caused by the absence of a feasible method for removing the spermatheca in social insects, we developed a microsurgical technique specifically designed for bumblebee females. In this study, the invention of this technique is based on the anatomical characteristics of the sting chamber of bumblebees and uses a bespoke scalpel to precisely remove the spermatheca, which is small in size and deeply embedded within the body. During the removal operation, a small wound was observed and a small amount of hemolymph flowed out.

Combining transcriptomics and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanisms of QuZhuoHuaYu decoction ameliorating gouty arthritis.

QuZhuoHuaYu decoction (QZHY), a traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated a potential effect in gouty arthritis (GA) treatment, but its underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, a strategy of UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS, transcriptomics, and network pharmacology combined with experimental verification was conducted to explore the constituents and the potential mechanisms of QZHY. A total of 26 compounds were identified from QZHY.

Targeting RelA/NLRP3/CCL3 axis mitigates microglia inflammatory response and promotes recovery after spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to loss of motor and sensory function below the lesion site, presenting a lifelong burden of disability. During the acute phase of SCI, microglia develop an inflammatory phenotype, characterized by the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling activation, exacerbating tissue damage and impeding trauma recovery. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear.