AI-Driven Large Language Models in Health Consultations for HIV Patients.

Purpose: This study endeavors to conduct a comprehensive assessment on the performance of large language models (LLMs) in health consultation for individuals living with HIV, delve into their applicability across a diverse array of dimensions, and provide evidence-based support for clinical deployment.

Patients And Methods: A 23-question multi-dimensional HIV-specific question bank was developed, covering fundamental knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and case analysis. Four advanced LLMs-ChatGPT-4o, Copilot, Gemini, and Claude-were tested using a multi-dimensional evaluation system assessing medical accuracy, comprehensiveness, understandability, reliability, and humanistic care (which encompasses elements such as individual needs attention, emotional support, and ethical considerations).

MYH2-associated myopathy caused by novel compound heterozygous mutations: a case report and literature review.

MYH2-associated myopathy is a group of congenital heterogeneous diseases. Case reports with MYH2-associated myopathy due to compound heterozygous mutations are rare. We report a 63-year-old Asian female who presented with bilateral ptosis and limb weakness for over 10 years.

Dental pulp stem cells promote the recovery of spinal cord injury by regulating microglia polarization via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

The inflammatory response after spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important cause of the difficulty in neurological recovery, and the immune imbalance between M1/M2 microglia/macrophage is involved in the onset and progression of SCI. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was reported to possess anti-inflammatory and neurotrophin-releasing properties. We established rat SCI models and transplanted DPSCs into rats via microcarrier sheets.

Revealing a Pathway for Low-Temperature Recrystallization in Germanium.

Thermally activated annealing in semiconductors faces inherent limitations, such as dopant diffusion. Here, a nonthermal pathway is demonstrated for a complete structural restoration in predamaged germanium via ionization-induced recovery. By combining experiments and modeling, this study reveals that the energy transfer of only 2.

Research progress on non-coding RNA regulatory networks and targeted therapy in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of disability and mortality in patients with diabetes, has become a complex global clinical issue that poses a severe challenge to public health. Research indicates that Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in cell death and fibrosis through an endogenous competitive RNA (ceRNA) network. This network regulates kidney-specific cells such as podocytes, mesangial cells, and renal tubular epithelial cells, thereby establishing a multifaceted regulatory mechanism in DN progression.

Real-time multi-depth holographic display using complex-valued neural network.

Computer-generated holography (CGH) has made significant advancements and is considered a leading approach for near-eye 3D displays. Recent learning-based CGH methods address the time-quality trade-off of traditional approaches but often face challenges related to efficiency and computational demands, especially with real-valued networks in multi-depth settings. To overcome these issues, this study proposes a residual block-based complex-valued convolutional neural network (ResC-CNN) structure, integrated into a symmetric dual-network framework driven by a diffraction model, for real-time generation of multi-depth holographic displays.

Real-Time Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry for Pesticide Detection: A DFT-Based Feasibility Evaluation.

This feasibility study evaluates the application of proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) for the online measurement of pesticides. Although PTR-MS has established its efficacy in detecting volatile organic compounds, its potential for pesticide detection remains underexplored. DFT calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level to predict essential molecular properties, including dipole moments, polarizabilities, proton affinities, and ionization energies.

Bioassay-guided evaluation of a potent dual inhibitor of host and gut microbial α-glucosidases from Galla chinensis: mechanism insights and in silico studies.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by high blood glucose levels and has emerged as an increasing public health burden worldwide. α-Glucosidases from both host and gut microbiota played important roles in digestion of carbohydrate to monosaccharides. Dual inhibition against host and gut microbial α-glucosidases hold great potentials in regulating glucose absorption of T2DM patients.

CLIK-Diffusion: Clinical Knowledge-informed Diffusion Model for Tooth Alignment.

Traditional semi-automatic methods for tooth alignment involve laborious manual procedures and heavily depend on the expertise of dentists, which often leads to inefficient and prolonged treatment durations. Although many automatic methods have been proposed to assist especially the less experienced dentists, they often lack incorporating clinical insight and oversimplify the problem by estimating rigid transformation matrix for each tooth directly from dental point clouds. This over-simplification fails to capture nuanced requirements of orthodontic treatment, i.

Design of a continuous zoom system using hybrid Alvarez metalenses and refractive lenses.

To meet the demand for lightness and compactness continuous zoom system, a zoom system using hybrid Alvarez metalenses and refractive lenses is proposed and designed. The system avoids axial movement of the lens group, instead adjusting the focal length by lateral movement of Alvarez metalenses. The optical design and optimization consider the aberrations of the non-central fields and a large aperture size of an actual imaging system.

Multifunctional Metal Halide Perovskite-Modified Aqueous Electrolytes for Zinc Metal Batteries.

The performance of Zn metal batteries (ZMBs) is significantly hindered by the poor cycling stability and dendrite growth of Zn metal anodes. Herein, CsSnCl is introduced, a lead-free metal halide double perovskite, as a multifunctional electrolyte additive to address the challenges of Zn anodes. Utilizing a combination of molecular dynamics simulations, COMSOL simulations, and various characterization techniques, it is demonstrated that Cl, Sn, and Cs ions generated from partial hydrolysis of CsSnCl in the 2 m ZnSO electrolyte can optimize the electrolyte solvation structures, suppress side reactions, facilitate Zn nucleation process, and modulate Zn deposition behavior.

Alexithymia and Empathy in Parent-Youth Dyads: An Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis.

Parent-child interaction plays a key role in the development and maintenance of individual social emotional ability. Although studies have found that parents' alexithymia affects their offspring's social-emotional abilities, it is unclear how parents' and children's alexithymia affect each other and their empathic abilities. This study examined the relationship between college students' and their parents' alexithymia and empathy, focusing on both actor effects (individual-level associations) and partner effects (dyadic-level associations).

A case report of adenoid cystic carcinoma combined with giant renal metastasis treated with robotic surgery.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare head and neck tumor with low incidence, characterized by local recurrence and early metastasis following surgical treatment. The common sites of metastasis for this cancer are typically the lungs, liver, brain, and bone, while metastasis to the kidneys is rare. This article reports a case of renal metastasis in a patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the maxillary sinus, occurring 16 years after surgery.

Large Depth-of-Field, Large Eyebox, and Wide Field-of-View Freeform-Holographic Augmented Reality Near-Eye Display.

Augmented reality (AR) presents virtual information seamlessly integrated with real-world scenes, advancing information interaction for human society. Traditional AR displays struggle to simultaneously achieve large depth-of-field (DOF), large viewing eyebox, and wide field-of-view (FOV), which limits their practical applicability. Here, a novel AR near-eye display scheme is proposed that addresses these limitations, providing a large DOF, expansive eyebox, and wide FOV.

Interfacial Polarons Driven by Charge Transfer in WSe/Cuprate Superconductor Systems.

Understanding the electronic properties of doped copper-oxygen planes remains a significant challenge in condensed matter physics and is crucial to unraveling the mechanisms behind high-temperature superconductivity in cuprates. Recently, the observation of charge transfer and interfacial polarons in a superconducting interface has aroused extensive research interest. However, experimental data to investigate charge transfer on the CuO plane and the presence of polarons are still missing.

Disordered and Conductive Chiral Spin-Selective Strategy to Enhance Small-Molecule-Based Spintronic Application.

Chiral materials, which can manipulate the electron spin by the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect without involving the complicated magnetic components, exhibits great potentials in low-cost spin optoelectronics. However, ideal CISS usually requires a relatively ordered and conductive (or insulated but ultrathin) chiral layer, which contradicts the disordered-packing and high-impedance characteristics of chiral molecules, preventing the direct application of most chiral molecules for CISS and increasing the difficulty to prepare chiral spin-selective layers. Here, a general disordered and conductive chiral molecular strategy is proposed to simply construct the small-molecule-based spin polarizer.

Modulation of lipid metabolism by exercise: exploring its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer endocrinology.

Cancer progression is tightly linked to metabolic changes, particularly in lipid metabolism, which is crucial for tumor growth and metastasis. Exercise, known for its health benefits, is gaining recognition for its ability to influence cancer-related lipid metabolism. Metabolic shift prioritizes lipid oxidation over glucose metabolism, hence limiting the energy supply available to tumor cells and reducing their metabolic adaptability.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles as potent inhibitors of ferroptosis: role of antioxidant activity and protein regulation.

Ferroptosis has been closely linked to the pathological processes of various diseases, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and developing effective pharmacological strategies is essential. Nanomedicine, particularly the use of nanozymes, offers a potential approach for regulating ferroptosis.

Discovery of a novel genogroup feline calicivirus through molecular evolution in group-housed cats in China.

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly infectious pathogen that causes upper respiratory tract disease (URTD), with a higher prevalence in group-housed cats compared to those raised individually. In this study, 15 FCV strains were isolated from group-housed cats exhibiting URTD symptoms in Changzhou, China, in 2024. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 sequences revealed that 13 of 15 strains clustered within genogroup I (G I), while none belonged to genogroup II (G II).

Hydroxysafflower yellow A mitigates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting the CCR4-mediated apoptosis pathway.

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a major contributor to acute kidney injury (AKI), associated with high mortality in intensive care units. Hydroxysafflower yellow A (HSYA), with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, may protect against AKI caused by RIRI.

Purpose: This study investigates HSYA's mechanisms in AKI protection through transcriptome sequencing and functional validation.

Machine learning-assisted fluorescence/smartphone dual-mode platform for lead ion detection using the novel polyimide covalent organic framework.

Unintended leakage of toxic and lead ion (Pb) ions poses high harmful to human health and environment, hence its monitoring and detection is of utmost significance. Here, we developed a covalent organic framework (COFs) that was first synthesized by condensation of monomers 4,4',4''-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) triphenylamine (TTA) and perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCA), and then fluorescence/smartphone dual-mode point-of-care testing (POCT) platform based on COFs combined with machine learning was successfully constructed to detect Pb. The morphology, chemical structure, fluorescent properties, sensing competition and selectivity behaviors of COFs-Pb were systematically analyzed.

The metabolic syndrome-insulin resistance index: a tool for identifying dyslipidemia across varied glucose metabolic score in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Purpose: The METS-IR index, a non-insulin-based metabolic score, represents a new marker closely linked to insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the METS-IR index and dyslipidemia in individuals diagnosed with Cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as to delve deeper into how varying glucose metabolic conditions influence this relationship.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective investigation encompassed 214,717 individuals diagnosed with CVD across China, spanning from September 1, 2014, to June 1, 2022, ultimately incorporating 17,632 cases in the conclusive analysis.

Efficient conversion of municipal sludge to practical carbon source via N/MO in catalytic wet air oxidation.

The residual liquid phase after wet air oxidation of sludge has long been recognized as a potential carbon source due to its richness in volatile fatty acids (VFAs). However, nitrogen inevitably accumulates in the form of ammonia during the process, undermining the goal of adding a carbon source to aid bioreactors in nitrogen removal. To address this issue, different N/MO catalysts were synthesized with noble metal (N=Ru, Pt, Pd) and metal oxide supports (MO=AlO, TiO, CeO, ZrO).

Targeting myeloid differentiation protein 2 ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting inflammation and ferroptosis via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2), a co-receptor of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the innate immune system, has emerged as a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapies. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction, remains a therapeutic challenge due to the lack of effective treatment options. In this study, we investigated the role of MD2 in the pathogenesis and progression of RA.