Role and mechanism of botanical drugs and their metabolites in osteoporosis: new strategies for clinical application.

Osteoporosis, the most prevalent bone disease worldwide, is characterized by reduced bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration. Current pharmacological agents for osteoporosis management include bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen, denosumab, and romosozumab. However, emerging evidence suggests these therapies may increase risks of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, osteonecrosis, and cardiovascular diseases.

Research progress on non-coding RNA regulatory networks and targeted therapy in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of disability and mortality in patients with diabetes, has become a complex global clinical issue that poses a severe challenge to public health. Research indicates that Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in cell death and fibrosis through an endogenous competitive RNA (ceRNA) network. This network regulates kidney-specific cells such as podocytes, mesangial cells, and renal tubular epithelial cells, thereby establishing a multifaceted regulatory mechanism in DN progression.

Egg matrices alleviate long-term florfenicol-induced behavioral alterations the gut microbiota and host metabolism in mice.

Florfenicol (FFC) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is commonly detected as a residue in livestock products, such as eggs. Although the adverse effects of FFC have been widely reported, the combined influence of the food matrix with FFC exposure on the gut microenvironment and the short-term self-recovery dynamics after FFC discontinuation remain unclear. Therefore, this study has comprehensively evaluated the effects of FFC residues in eggs on the gut microbiota and metabolism in a mouse model, and the self-recovery situation was also determined.

[Role of miRNA in prostate cancer and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine intervention].

Prostate cancer(PCa) is a common malignant tumor among elderly men, with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide, posing a serious threat to human health. Traditional treatments face limitations, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Recent studies on the regulatory mechanisms of micro ribonucleic acid(microRNA, miRNA) in tumor development has identified miRNA as new targets for PCa diagnosis and treatment.

The metacaspase-Peps-PEPR immune module confers resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat.

Pathogens constantly attack staple crops, leading to substantial yield losses. Plant-pathogen interactions activate endogenous plant-secreted peptides, which act as immunity inducers and are promising breeding targets for enhancing crop resistance to pathogens. However, the identification and mechanisms of immunogenic peptides in staple crops remain largely unexplored.

Acute arsenic exposure induces CD4 T cell subpopulations differentiation in spleen and thymus with the involvement of DAMPs-TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Growing evidence indicates that exposure to arsenic could be linked to immune-related issues. Nevertheless, the relevant molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To explore the impacts of acute exposure to sodium arsenite (NaAsO) on transcription factors and cytokines related to the differentiation of CD4 T cell subsets in mice immune organs, as well as the potential mechanism underlying the arsenic immunotoxicity.

Taurine alleviates hyperuricemia-induced nephropathy in rats: insights from microbiome and metabolomics.

Background: Gut microbiota play a critical role in developing hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). We previously found that sulfur-containing amino acid taurine (T) has nephroprotective effects in hyperuricemia (HUA) rats. However, the mechanism is still unclear.

Zika virus non-structural protein NS2A mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress through interacting with Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase 2.

Unlabelled: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of neuronal cells leads to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is one of the key causes of neuronal damage. However, how ZIKV mediates ER stress has not been fully understood. Here, we observed that ZIKV infection of astrocytes elevated Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA) expression, increased intracellular Ca concentration, and upregulated ER stress-related genes.

Semi-automated annotation for video-based beef cattle behavior recognition.

In this paper, a video-based behavioural recognition dataset for beef cattle is constructed. The dataset covers five behaviours of beef cattle: standing, lying, drinking, feeding, and ruminating. Six beef cows in a captive barn were selected and monitored for 168 h.

Distinct features of three clinical subtypes in 533 patients with primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.

Background: Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare genetic disorder classified into clinical subtypes and genetic subtypes. Previous clinical studies have primarily focused on case reports and family analyses, largely characterizing the genetic subtypes. However, there remains a long-standing gap in understanding the characteristics of the different clinical subtypes of PHO.

Licorice attenuates cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis.

Cisplatin (CP), a widely used antineoplastic drug, could induce hepatotoxicity and is also one of the most common reasons for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Licorice (Chinese name GanCao, GC) is a commonly used herbal drug in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been shown to treat liver diseases and DILI. CP has been documented to induce apoptosis through the promotion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Study on the Mechanism of Galangin on Hyperuricemic Nephropathy Based on Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology.

Galangin (GAL), a flavonol found in Alpinia officinarum and propolis, is a promising functional food. This study investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of GAL in mice with hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) by focusing on renal metabolomics and network pharmacology. In this study, we conducted untargeted metabolomic analysis and network pharmacology prediction.

A Mendelian randomized study of circulating antioxidants in the diet and risk of cardiovascular disease.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major global mortality cause, heavily impacted by diet and oxidative stress. This study investigates the causal effects of five circulatory antioxidants on various cardiovascular diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR) to mitigate confounding biases.We conducted a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis utilizing summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from both the UK Biobank and FinnGen.

The association of heavy metals/metalloid and stroke-Findings in Shanxi, China and the US NHANES from 2011 to 2020.

Background: Previous studies provided contradictory evidence regarding the relationship between metal concentrations and ischemic stroke (IS).

Methods: A total of 100 adults with IS were included in this study, as well as an equal number of controls. Inductively coupled plasma-mass was used to measure metals' concentrations in whole blood and plasma.

Dual single nucleotide polymorphisms typing of apolipoprotein E gene based on double restriction endonuclease with lambda exonuclease and triple helix molecular switch assistance.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are critical determinants of disease susceptibility, pathogenesis, and drug response, underscoring the need for their accurate monitoring in clinical practice. In this study, we propose a novel apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping method for the rapid and precise identification of six genotypes (ε2/ε2, ε3/ε3, ε4/ε4, ε2/ε3, ε2/ε4, and ε3/ε4). The method utilizes restriction endonucleases AflIII and HaeII to selectively cleave the rs429358 and rs7412 sites, thereby generating distinct double-stranded DNA fragments.

Functional retrogression of LOFSEPs in specifying floral organs in barley.

Unlabelled: The barley genome encodes a complete set of MADS-box proteins sharing homology with components of the ABCDE model, which explains the molecular basis of floral organ identity in angiosperm flowers. Although the E-class members are universally expressed across floral whorls and crucial for flower development in Arabidopsis and rice, the functional role of the barley E-class LOFSEP subfamily (comprising MADS1, MADS5, and MADS34) remains elusive, particularly during spikelet formation. Here, we characterize the single, double and triple mutants in barley in an attempt to overcome the anticipated genetic redundancy.

MADS31 supports female germline development by repressing the post-fertilization programme in cereal ovules.

The female germline of flowering plants develops within a niche of sporophytic (somatic) ovule cells, also referred to as the nucellus. How niche cells maintain their own somatic developmental programme, yet support the development of adjoining germline cells, remains largely unknown. Here we report that MADS31, a conserved MADS-box transcription factor from the B-sister subclass, is a potent regulator of niche cell identity.

A missense variant in the SOX5 gene (c.221C > T) is associated with intellectual disability.

Objectives: The SOX5 gene has been identified as the pathogenic gene responsible for Lamb-Shaffer syndrome. In this study, we examined the SOX5 variant (c.221C > T, p.

The mediating effect of the striatum-based connectivity on the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and anhedonia in adolescents with depressive disorder.

Background: The potential pairwise connections among high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), striatum-based circuits, and anhedonia in adolescents with depressive disorder are not clear. This study aimed to explore whether hs-CRP levels in adolescents with depressive disorder influence anhedonia via alterations of striatum-based functional connectivity (FC).

Methods: A total of 201 adolescents (92 with depressive episodes with anhedonia (anDE), 58 with DE without anhedonia (non-anDE), and 51 healthy controls (HCs)) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and completed the anhedonia subscale of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI).

New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease Based on Global Research.

Background And Aims: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the leading cause of death among alcohol-related diseases, yet its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. This article employs data mining methods to conduct an indepth study of articles on ALD published in the past three decades, aiming to elucidate the pathogenesis of ALD.

Methods: Firstly, articles related to the pathogenesis of ALD were retrieved from the Web of Science (WOS) database.

Pharmacodynamic material basis of licorice and mechanisms of modulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in cisplatin-induced liver injury based on LC-MS and network pharmacology analysis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cisplatin (CP), a widely used antineoplastic agent, is a leading cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to its hepatotoxic effects. Licorice (GC), an established remedy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has shown promise in addressing liver diseases and DILI. Nonetheless, the specific active components and underlying mechanisms of GC in mitigating CP-induced liver injury remain inadequately investigated.

Single and joint exposure of Pb, Cd, Hg, Se, Cu, and Zn were associated with cognitive function of older adults.

Background: Impaired cognitive function following exposure to heavy metals has emerged as a significant global health concern. Nevertheless, the impact of combined exposure to multiple heavy metals on cognitive impairment remains unclear.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the association between multiple heavy metals exposure and cognitive function to provide theoretical evidence to guide prevention strategies.