Application of particle swarm optimization to non-orthogonal error correction in SAFEM total magnetic intensity measurements.

In the semi-airborne frequency-domain electromagnetic (SAFEM) method, the total magnetic intensity (TMI) is derived from the vector synthesis of triaxial inductive magnetic sensors. However, non-orthogonal errors in the sensors introduce measurement inaccuracies. Traditional calibration techniques are unsuitable for induction magnetic sensors because they require either static magnetic field measurements or complex alternating current reference fields.

Modified starch / poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) films: The role of processing technologies in achieving high-starch-content and high-performance.

Interfacial compatibilization and optimization of processing technologies have long been effective strategies to enhance the properties of composite materials. In this study, to achieve a robust interfacial compatibility of modified starch and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and to enable the continuous film blowing of high-starch-content films, this study systematically investigated the effects of different processing technologies on the processability of high-starch-content modified starch (MS)/PBAT composites for blowing based on modifying starch with polyurethane prepolymer (PUP). Furthermore, high-starch-content MS/PBAT films were blown from corresponding MS/PBAT composites using a single-screw blown film machine.

Targeted delivery of liposomal senolytics to alleviate cellular senescence-induced bone loss.

The senescence of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells is involved in osteoporosis. The combination of dasatinib and quercetin has been explored to alleviate bone loss by efficiently reducing senescent cell populations. However, senolytic therapy by dasatinib and quercetin requires a precise ratio for better therapeutic effects, which is hard to achieve by oral administration.

Research Progress on the Preparation Technology of Spherical Alloy Powders for Laser Additive Manufacturing.

Spherical powder materials are essential raw materials for manufacturing processes such as metal additive manufacturing and powder metallurgy. They possess characteristics that are key factors influencing the performance of additive manufacturing. This paper introduces the fundamental principles and characteristics of laser additive manufacturing technology and analyzes the technical principles, advantages, and disadvantages of three alloy powder preparation methods: gas atomization, centrifugal atomization, and plasma atomization.

Promoting ROS scavenging and osteogenic differentiation by metal-phenolic network nanoparticle-embedded microenvironment-responsive hydrogel for the repair of senile osteoporotic bone defects.

Senile osteoporosis (SOP) features reduced bone density and degraded trabecular structure, primarily mediated through senescent impairment of osteoblasts that disrupts coupled bone remodeling homeostasis. This pathological process induces systemic bone resorption and localized bone destruction accompanied by architectural deterioration. Existing treatments for senile osteoporosis tend to focus on a single mechanism, making it challenging to simultaneously address bone formation deficits and oxidative stress.

Ultra-low noise nanoporous Ag/AgCl electric field sensor for telluric electric field detection.

This paper presents an ultra-low noise nanoporous Ag/AgCl electric field sensor fabricated using a sol in situ composite method, aiming to address the issues of high noise and significant drift encountered in traditional electric field sensors during low-frequency signal measurements. By utilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sol to regulate the nucleation process of AgCl and combining it with nano-silver powder, nanoscale Ag/AgCl particles were prepared. Through the use of NaCl as a pore-forming agent, an electrode with a porous structure was developed.

Dual ice crystal growth strategy-enabled fabrication of interconnected-porous GelMA microcarriers for Stemness enhancement and cellular characteristic preservation.

Gelatin methacrylamide porous microcarriers (GelMA PMS) often fails to achieve complete interconnected pore structures and encounters local structural destruction, spherical distortion and limited cell proliferation rate. This study introduced an innovative dual ice crystal strategy, which enabled staged ice crystal growth before and after photo-crosslinking, along with the low-temperature gelation of GelMA. GelMA PMS with stable spherical structure and controllable interconnected pore structures (12 to 42 μm) were successfully fabricated.

Mannose Oligosaccharide-Conjugated In Situ Pore-Forming Injectable Hydrogels for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment by Reprogramming Macrophage Extracellular Vesicles.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes severe cartilage erosion in joints. Current treatments are limited in accessing a 3D platform that not only supports chondrocyte recovery and new cartilage matrix formation but also effectively modulates the inflammatory environment, particularly through macrophage regulation and extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated functions. Here, an injectable hydrogel is developed incorporating mannose oligosaccharide (MOS)-modified chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic.

de novo Fabrication of Dense Collagen Matrices with Patterned Hierarchical Structures for Corneal Stromal Tissue Repair.

Collagen is a versatile biological building block that is guided by extracellular cues to self-assemble into diverse hierarchical structures that perform various tissue functions. Here, the use of top-down inputs and controlled contextual cues is reported for the de novo fabrication of patterned dense collagen matrices with spatially varying tailored mesoscale structures. Initially, imposed electrical inputs are used to guide collagen triple helix molecules to partially assemble into a dense metastable molten fibril state that can be induced by permissive contextual cues (especially humidity) to undergo further assembly.

Preparation of Carbon Fiber Electrodes Modified with Silver Nanoparticles by Electroplating Method.

To solve the problems of carbon fiber (CF) electrodes, including poor frequency response and large potential drift, CFs were subjected to a roughening pretreatment process combining thermal oxidation and electrochemical anodic oxidation and then modified with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) using electroplating to prepare a CF electric field sensor. The surface morphology of the as-prepared AgNP-CF electric field sensor was characterized via optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, XPS, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and its impedance, polarization drift, self-noise, and temperature drift values were determined. Results show that the surface modification of the AgNP-CF electric field sensor is uniform, and its specific surface area is considerably increased.

Engineering a functionality-integrated artificial cornea stromal Substitute: Janus bio-adhesive implant with a collagen-based multi-scale biomimetic skeleton.

Corneal transplantation presents an urgent demand for artificial cornea stromal substitutes (ACSs) with comprehensive functional design, spanning from material biology to clinical application. Here, we report the use of an engineering integration strategy to develop Janus ACSs with collagen-based multiscale biomimetic skeletons and tissue-adhesion. Specifically, the electro-assembly of collagen is employed to construct the skeleton of Janus ACS that mimics the microstructure and macroscopic morphology of native corneal stroma, ensuring the desired transparency, refractive power and adaptable shape.

Dual-Modular Hydrogel Microparticles with Precision-Modulation of Inflammatory Microenvironment Dictate Full-Thickness Cartilage Regeneration for Osteoarthritis Repair.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a typical degenerative disease characterized primarily by the degeneration of cartilage. However, current treatments for cartilage degeneration often lead to the formation of hypertrophic cartilage and fibrocartilage, making it challenging to achieve full-thickness cartilage. Here, dual-modular hydrogel microparticles (dmHMPs) are developed, which enable precise spatio-temporal modulation and dynamic equilibrium between immune responses and cartilage regeneration.

Homogeneous "Hard-Soft" Biphasic Bone Adhesives Promote Comminuted Fracture Healing through Interfacial Adaptation and Mechanical Property Maintenance.

Bone adhesives provide remarkable clinical solutions in treating highly comminuted fractures that are difficult to perform surgery with metal fixation. However, no commercial bone adhesives exhibit high adhesion, strength, and osteogenic activity for instant and sustainable fixation in dynamic, wet humoral environments at weight-bearing sites. Here, phase engineering is employed to construct a homogeneous hard-soft biphasic bone adhesive (HB-PTN) with a sea urchin-inspired structure of phosphorylated polyglutamic acid (P-PGA) encapsulating tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) (hard phase) and a viscoelastic hydrogel composed of amino-functionalized PEGylated poly (glycerol sebacate) (PEGS-NH) and P-PGA (soft phases) for immediate, stable fixation.

Inflammatory Oriented Nanospheres-Reconstructed Extracellular Matrix in Ischemic Stroke.

The prevention and treatment of postoperative complications of ischemic stroke remain significant challenges. These complications primarily result from the destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and neurovascular units. In the subacute phase, chronic inflammation further aggravates brain tissue damage.

An "inside-out"-guided genetically engineered hydrogel for augmenting aged bone regeneration.

Senescent bone repair faces significant obstacles due to reduced cellular activity and an unfavorable microenvironment, both of which hinder the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts (OBs) and subsequent bone formation. Current approaches primarily target senescent cell clearance (senolytics) or suppression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (senomorphics), neglecting the complex interactions between BMSCs and the osteogenic microenvironment. In this study, a genetically engineered hydrogel incorporating NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuins 3 (SIRT3)-loaded nano-vectors and poly (glycerol sebacate)-co-poly (ethylene glycol)/polyacrylic acid (PEGS/PAA) was developed as an "inside-out" strategy for bone regeneration.

Sulfated chitosan directs the recovery of ischemic stroke by attenuating the inflammatory cascade.

Ischemic stroke is considered a fatal ischemic disease with high mortality and morbidity. Acute ischemic stroke is a cascade of inflammatory reactions, which not only causes vascular degeneration but also leads to neurological disorders. During this period, the rapid response of neutrophil-dominated granulocytes releases cytokines and chemokines to affect tissue repair.

PLLA-PEG/mPEG Copolymer with Improved Hydrophilicity, Crystallinity, and Biocompatibility: An In-Depth Study on the Crystallization Kinetics.

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) possesses excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability for the construction of biomaterials. However, its limited crystallinity largely restricts practical application. In this study, four poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) copolymers were synthesized by incorporating two different molecular weights of PEG/mPEG (1K and 2K) chains with l-lactide via ring-opening polymerization (ROP).

Bone-brain interaction: mechanisms and potential intervention strategies of biomaterials.

Following the discovery of bone as an endocrine organ with systemic influence, bone-brain interaction has emerged as a research hotspot, unveiling complex bidirectional communication between bone and brain. Studies indicate that bone and brain can influence each other's homeostasis via multiple pathways, yet there is a dearth of systematic reviews in this area. This review comprehensively examines interactions across three key areas: the influence of bone-derived factors on brain function, the effects of brain-related diseases or injuries (BRDI) on bone health, and the concept of skeletal interoception.

Identification and mechanism analysis of biomarkers related to butyrate metabolism in COVID-19 patients.

Background: Butyrate may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and affect the development of COVID-19. However, there have been no systematic comprehensive analyses of the role of butyrate metabolism-related genes (BMRGs) in COVID-19.

Methods: We performed differential expression analysis of BMRGs in the brain, liver and pancreas of COVID-19 patients and controls in GSE157852 and GSE151803.

Tunable piezoelectric PLLA nanofiber membranes for enhanced mandibular repair with optimal self-powering stimulation.

Poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) is a biocompatible, biodegradable material with piezoelectric properties, making it a promising candidate for providing self-powered stimulation to accelerate tissue repair. Repairs to various tissues, such as bone, cartilage and nerve, necessitate distinct piezoelectric characteristics even from the same material. However, the extensive utilization of PLLA piezoelectric scaffolds in various tissue is hindered by their low and single piezoelectric constants.

Material-Mediated Immunotherapy to Regulate Bone Aging and Promote Bone Repair.

As the global population ages, an increasing number of elderly people are experiencing weakened bone regenerative capabilities, resulting in slower bone repair processes and associated risks of various complications. This review outlines the research progress on biomaterials that promote bone repair through immunotherapy. This review examines how manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing, electrospinning, and microfluidic technology contribute to enhancing the therapeutic effects of these biomaterials.

Microneedle Assisted Melittin-Chondroitin Sulfate Administration for the Transdermal Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a persistent and debilitating chronic disease characterize by joint damage and deformity, significantly impairs the life quality of patients and presents challenges for conventional drug administration due to organ damage and unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. To address these challenges, this study introduces an innovative hydrogel cryo-microneedle patch (CMNP)-mediated local administration system, primarily composed of chondroitin sulfate (CS), to deliver the potent anti-inflammatory drug melittin (MEL). This innovative approach not only circumvents organ impairment but also enhances patient compliance.

Counteracting immunodepression by extracellular matrix hydrogel to promote brain tissue remodeling and neurological function recovery after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), an intractable disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), is a leading cause of long-term disability and mortality in humans worldwide. However, there is still no effective therapy for TBI, and an important reason for this is TBI-induced immunodepression, which renders TBI patients with low resistance to infections and aggravated brain damage. In this study, a multifunctional extracellular matrix hydrogel was constructed for the treatment of TBI in terms of both counteracting the immunodepression and enhancing neurogenesis.

Effect of radio frequency pretreatment on the component of rapeseed and its product: Comparative study with microwave pretreatment under different oil extraction methods.

Radio frequency (RF) is an emerging technology for rapeseed pretreatment, offering a comparison to the established microwave (MW) technique. This study investigated the effects of RF and MW pretreatment combined with different oil extraction methods on the oil yield, quality characteristics and lipid concomitant contents of rapeseed and its products. Results indicated that RF combined with pressing extraction yielded the highest tocopherol and canolol contents in rapeseed oil (839.