Dissociable Neural Connectome Mapping of Reward and Punishment Responsiveness in Young Adults: Associations with Genetic Variability and Neurotransmitter Profiles.

While the hyper- and hypo- reward or punishment sensitivities (RS, PS) have received considerable attention as prominent transdiagnostic features of psychopathology, the lack of an overarching neurobiological characterization currently limits their early identification and neuromodulation. Here we combined microarray data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas with a multimodal fMRI approach to uncover the neurobiological signatures of RS and PS in a discovery-replication design (N=655 healthy participants, 442 Females). Both RS and PS were mapped separately in the brain, with the functional connectome in the fronto-striatal network encoding reward responsiveness, while the fronto-insular system was particularly engaged in punishment sensitivity.

SOCS1 depletion drives osteosarcoma stemness and chemoresistance by suppressing ACTN4 degradation.

Chemoresistance is a major factor contributing to the poor prognosis of osteosarcoma. Increasing evidence underscores the pivotal role of enhanced tumor stemness in driving drug resistance. In this study we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemoresistance and stemness in osteosarcoma.

Preparation of CeMnO Catalysts with Strong Mn-Ce Synergistic Effect for Catalytic Oxidation of Toluene.

A series of Ce-doped α-MnO catalysts (CeMnO, x = 0.04, 0.07, 0.

Follicular sphericity based on three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound algorithms predicts ovarian responsiveness to in vitro fertilization.

Background: The principal indicators adopted for the assessment of follicular quality are still two-dimensional ultrasound(2D-US) imaging parameters, but these do not reflect the three-dimensional morphology of follicles. We herein aimed to explore novel parameters of ovarian follicles by three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) by comparing various follicles on the trigger day in gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) stimulation cycles, and investigated the effects on ovarian responsiveness, oocyte and embryo quality.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study of women who commenced their first controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) cycle with a GnRH-ant protocol from March 2023 to March 2024.

CLK2 Regulates the KEAP1/NRF2 and p53 Pathways to Suppress Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer.

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays a crucial role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and therapeutic response. The NRF2 pathway is one of the critical axes in ferroptosis regulation, which governs oxidative stress resistance and iron homeostasis through its downstream targets, including HMOX1, SLC7A11, and others. However, HMOX1 and SLC7A11 exhibit contrasting roles in ferroptosis, with HMOX1 promoting ferroptosis via iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, while SLC7A11 inhibits ferroptosis by enhancing antioxidant defenses.

Hydrogen gas (H) delivered by intraperitoneal injection alleviated methionine- and choline-deficient diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in mice via inhibiting GSDMD- and GSDME-mediated pyroptosis.

Background: Hydrogen gas (H), which is the lightest and diffusible gas molecule, has strong abilities to alleviate excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Inhalation of H is beneficial for preventing the damage of the lung, heart, brain, liver, kidneys, and many other organs. However, the effect of intraperitoneal injection of H on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unclear.

Visible-Light-Responsive Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Detoxification of Mustard Gas Simulant.

Two [Ru(bpy)] derivative-incorporated polyoxometalate-based metal-organic frameworks (POM@MOFs), {Cd(HO)Mn(HO)[Ru(dcbpy)][PMoMoO]}·6HO () and {Cd(HO)Cu(HO)[Ru(dcbpy)][PMoMoO]}·6HO (), have been prepared through a conventional hydrothermal method. The introduction of Ru metalloligands enhanced the visible light absorption of POM@MOFs, and the photocatalytic detoxification reaction of mustard gas simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) confirmed their fascinating photocatalytic performances. Under visible light irradiation (λ > 400 nm), both and exhibited efficient photocatalytic properties for the detoxification of CEES into nontoxic CEESO in air, with a selectivity of 97% and a TOF of 26.

Spatiotemporal dynamics and driving forces of cultivated land in China.

It is important to study the temporal and spatial change characteristics and the decreasing trend in cultivated land in China in the past decades, analyze the core influencing factors of the cultivated land decrease, and understand the regularity and trend in the cultivated land change. This study has important guiding significance for ensuring food security in China and optimizing and adjusting the pattern of land spatial development and utilization. Based on the data of China's urban cultivated land change from 1990 to 2022, this study analyzes the pattern of cultivated land protection and destruction in China from the perspective of the total cultivated land change, the increase and decrease evolution characteristics, and future trends and determines the main driving factors of cultivated land destruction in the process of urbanization.

Development of a highly selective near-infrared fluorescent probe for sensitive detection of Hg in environmental and biological samples.

Mercury ions (Hg), as highly toxic heavy metals, severely threatened environmental and biological health. Herein, we reported a near-infrared fluorescent probe (DHC) for selective Hg sensing. This probe, after reacting with Hg, featured an emission wavelength of 650 nm and enabled detection with a limit of 0.

A fully automatic knee subregion segmentation network based on tissue segmentation and anatomical geometry.

Aiming at the difficulty of knee MRI bone and cartilage subregion segmentation caused by numerous subregions and unclear subregion boundary, a fully automatic knee subregion segmentation network based on tissue segmentation and anatomical geometry is proposed. Specifically, first, we use a transformer-based multilevel region and edge aggregation network to achieve precise segmentation of bone and cartilage tissue edges in knee MRI. Then, we designed a fibula detection module, which determines the medial and lateral of the knee by detecting the position of the fibula.

Exosomal circ_0093708 as a potential ferroptosis biomarker in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: Ferroptosis plays a critical role in neuronal injury following cerebral infarction. However, effective therapeutic strategies targeting ferroptosis after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) remain limited. Exosome-based therapy holds significant promise in this context.

Preoperative ternary classification using DCE-MRI radiomics and machine learning for HCC, ICC, and HIPT.

Objectives: This study develops a machine learning model using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) radiomics and clinical data to preoperatively differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (HIPT), addressing limitations of conventional diagnostics.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 280 patients (HCC = 160, ICC = 80, HIPT = 40) who underwent DCE-MRI from 2008 to 2024 at three hospitals. Radiomics features and clinical data were extracted and analyzed using LASSO regression and machine learning algorithms (Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and Extreme Gradient Boosting), with class weighting (HCC:ICC:HIPT = 1:2:4) to address class imbalance.

Catestatin attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Catestatin (CST), as a pleiotropic hormone, displays an anti-apoptotic effect, in addition to its known roles in cardiovascular regulation. However, the role of CST in ischemic stroke remains unclear.

Deep Learning-Based Cardiac Chamber Segmentation in Magnetic Resonance-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: Accurate cardiac chamber segmentation is crucial for improving cardiac sparing in magnetic resonance (MR)-guided adaptive radiation therapy, especially in patients at risk for radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we developed and evaluated automatic segmentation models for cardiac chambers that use daily MR images acquired on a 1.5-T MR-Linac system.

Immersion factor determination for TriOS RAMSES radiance sensors.

Immersion factors of two TriOS RAMSES ARC series radiance sensors were determined using a method adapted from Zibordi, "Immersion factor of in-water radiance sensors: assessment for a class of radiometers," J. Atmos. Ocean Tech.

The Diagnostic Value of ACR TI-RADS Descriptive Terminology for TR4-5 Nodules Stratified by Diameter.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ACR TI-RADS descriptors for TR4-5 thyroid nodules across different diameters.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 772 pathologically confirmed TR4-5 nodules categorized into ≤ 1 cm (n = 505) and > 1 cm (n = 267) groups. Diagnostic concordance (Kappa test), risk factors (logistic regression), and discriminatory performance (AUC) of ultrasound features were compared.

High-performance self-powered ultraviolet TiCT/GaN Schottky photodiode with an interdigitated electrode.

Ultraviolet photodetectors (UV-PDs) with high sensitivity and fast optical response have become an important part of modern optoelectronic information transmission and communication systems. In this paper, a high-performance self-powered titanium carbide ()/gallium nitride (GaN) Schottky UV-PD with an interdigitated electrode was developed. A Schottky-contacted interdigitated electrode was successfully fabricated on GaN substrates using a spray coating method.

Global profiling of protein lactylome in porcine granulosa cells.

Background: In mammals, granulosa cells (GCs) use glycolysis as the main energy source for oocyte development. Lactate, the end product of glycolysis, covalently binds lysine. Residues in proteins through an enzymatic or non-enzymatic method known as lysine lactylation (Kla), which plays a role in epigenetics.

Integrating proteomics and machine learning reveals characteristics and risks of lymph node-independent distant metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) poses significant treatment challenges, especially liver metastasis (CRLM). A notable proportion of CRC has synchronous metastasis independent of lymph node metastasis (LNM). The biological traits of lymph node-independent metastasis in CRC are unclear, and early synchronous metastasis is hard to predict with current imaging or clinicopathological methods.

Active DNA demethylation upstream of rod-photoreceptor fate determination is required for retinal development.

Retinal cell fate specification from multipotent retinal progenitors is governed by dynamic changes in chromatin structure and gene expression. Methylation at cytosines in DNA (5mC) is actively regulated for proper control of gene expression and chromatin architecture. Numerous genes display active DNA demethylation across retinal development; a process that requires oxidation of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and is controlled by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase enzymes.

Electroacupuncture as adjunctive therapy for insomnia via targeting the GABAergic microbiota-gut-brain axis: a mini review.

Insomnia, affecting up to 30% of adults (typically 18-65 years), is characterized by GABAergic dysfunction and hyperarousal. This mini-review establishes three pivotal advances in insomnia therapeutics: Firstly, it is demonstrated that microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) dysregulation is mechanistically central to insomnia, directly linking gut dysbiosis to vagal, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) axis dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Secondly, the present study documents the unique multitarget effects of electroacupuncture (EA), which have been shown to simultaneously normalize HPA axis activity, enrich GABA-producing microbiota, improve the vagal tone, and suppress neuroimmune activation.

Association between preoperative platelet count and postoperative acute kidney injury of patients undergoing abdominal surgery: a retrospective cohort analysis of the INSPIRE database.

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) can lead to detrimental outcomes, including prolonged hospital stays, progression to chronic kidney disease, and even mortality. We aimed to explore the association between preoperative platelet count and postoperative AKI in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively extracted data from the INformative Surgical Patient dataset for Innovative Research Environment database (INSPIRE, 2011 to 2020) for patients who underwent abdominal surgery at Seoul National University Hospital.

DUSP1-mediated suppression of p38 MAPK signaling pathway reduces ferroptosis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Ferroptosis constitutes a critical pathological mechanism in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI), significantly influencing neurological outcomes. While dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) demonstrates neuroprotective effects against CI/RI, its regulatory role in ferroptosis remains to be elucidated. This study systematically investigated the therapeutic potential of DUSP1 through ferroptosis modulation in both in vitro and in vivo models.