Jiao-tai-wan and Its Bioactive Constituent Jatrorrhizine Exert Antidepressant Effects via the STING Pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Jiao-tai-wan (JTW) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula that has long been used to treat insomnia. Recent pharmacological studies have highlighted its potential antidepressant effects. However, its role in regulating neuroinflammation associated with depression and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear.

Correction: Yin et al. Improvement of SAM2 Algorithm Based on Kalman Filtering for Long-Term Video Object Segmentation. 2025, , 4199.

In the original publication [...

Multiscale Finite Element Analysis of Warping Suppression in Microelectronics with Graded SiC/Al Composites.

High-power microelectronic packaging faces critical thermomechanical failures under rapid thermal cycling, primarily due to interfacial stress concentration and warping in conventional homogeneous heat sinks. To address this challenge, this study proposes a novel functionally graded SiC/Al composite with a tailored thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) gradient, designed to achieve adaptive thermal expansion matching between the chip and heat sink. Through multiscale finite element analysis, the stress-strain behavior and warping characteristics of homogeneous (Cu and Al) and gradient materials were systematically investigated.

The prevalence of FV Hong Kong in patients with thrombotic disorders in South China.

To investigate the prevalence of FV Hong Kong(p.Arg306Gly) variant in patients with thrombotic disorders in South China, and to explore the association between FV Hong Kong and thrombosis according to genotype and clinical manifestations of the patients. A total of 367 patients with thrombotic disorders and 555 healthy volunteers in South China were screened by exon sequencing to identify FV Hong Kong variant carriers.

Exercise interventions of ≥8 weeks improve body composition, physical function, metabolism, and inflammation in older adults with stage sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the benefits of ≥8-week exercise interventions for stage sarcopenic obesity (SO) without complications.

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2004 to July 2024 were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and EBSCO. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test.

Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein-Tumor Size Ratio as a Prognostic Marker After Hepatic Resection for Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibit a high rate of recurrence and poor prognosis after surgery, and effective prognostic indicators and stratification strategies are currently lacking. Hence, this study proposes new prognostic markers to provide a theoretical basis for patients with HCC.

Objective: We aim to build and evaluate a model estimating the effect of alpha-fetoprotein-tumor size ratio (ATR) on the prognosis of patients undergoing hepatectomy for HCC.

Multi-omics profiling reveals single-seed mutants of Ephedra saxatilis as dominant variants in high-altitude Xizang.

Ephedra species, important Tibetan medicinal plants, are widely distributed across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at altitudes of 2700-5000 m. Their adaptation to high-altitude environments, such as low temperatures, strong UV radiation and low oxygen, is still poorly understood. This study investigated the morphological, metabolic, and genetic mechanisms underlying the reproductive advantage of a unique single-seed variant observed in high-germination-rate Ephedra species.

Discovery and optimization of OA amide derivatives containing a trisubstituted l-hydroxyproline fragment as novel Omicron fusion inhibitors.

Omicron and its variant viruses are responsible for serious contagious respiratory illnesses in humans and bringing about global epidemics. Previously, we identified a 3-O-β-chacotriosyl OA saponin derivative H-1, which displayed broad-spectrum potency against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants tested by targeting the S-mediated entry process. This paper reports the structure optimization of H-1 based on a scaffold-hopping strategy, which resulted in the identification of OA amide derivatives featuring a N, O-disubstituted butterfly-shaped l-hydroxyproline scaffold at the C-3 position of OA with more potent inhibitory activity against Omicron entry.

Active dual-band terahertz surface plasmonic wave excitation using graphene metasurfaces.

The active control of surface plasmonic waves (SPWs) through metasurfaces holds significant potential for advancing on-chip optical components. However, recent research has primarily concentrated on actively modulating the propagation and coupling of SPWs at a single frequency. Here, we propose a dual-band SPW excitation strategy in the terahertz regime using two sets of orthogonally arranged metallic slit arrays based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) coupling, which enables SPW excitations at two separate frequencies under orthogonal polarization incidences.

Central Pattern Generators in Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanisms, Modulation, and Therapeutic Strategies for Motor Recovery.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) compromises the communication between the brain and spinal circuits involved in locomotion, resulting in severe motor dysfunction. However, currently available therapies have limited effectiveness in restoring motor function after SCI.

Objective: Recent research has highlighted the importance of the central pattern generator (CPG), a spinal circuitry responsible for generating coordinated patterns of leg motor activity in the absence of brain-derived inputs, in locomotor recovery.

Threats of BaA-SM2 as key bioaccumulated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and antibiotic components to coral energy dynamics and symbiosis stability.

Scleractinian corals, integral to marine biodiversity, are increasingly threatened by environmental contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and antibiotics. Yet, the mechanisms underlying their bioaccumulation and effects on scleractinian corals within natural reef ecosystems remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the bioaccumulation of PAHs and antibiotics in both coral hosts and algal symbionts of Galaxea fascicularis, and examined the impacts of these pollutants on coral-algal symbiosis and energy metabolism in situ.

Comparative analysis of MAIPA assay and PakAuto assay for the diagnosis of primary immune thrombocytopenia.

The detection of platelet-specific antibodies plays an important role  in the clinical diagnosis of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). MAIPA assay and PakAuto assay are the two main methods for this purpose. However, a comprehensive comparative evaluation of these techniques in clinical practice remains lacking.

3DFaceSculptor: A Common Framework for Image-Guided 3D Face Deformation.

We propose 3DFaceSculptor, a general-purpose framework for interactive 3D face editing. Given a source 3D face mesh with semantic materials, and a user-specified semantic image, 3DFaceSculptor can accurately edit the source mesh following the shape guidance of the semantic image, while preserving the source topology as rigid as possible. Recent studies on generating 3D faces focus on learning neural networks to predict 3D shapes, which requires high-cost 3D training datasets.

Iterative Synthesis of Intrinsically Disordered Protein Mimics.

Artificial intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are often biosynthesized in cells by repeating low-complexity sequences derived from native IDPs through rational engineering. Herein we report the chemical synthesis of stereocontrolled linear and cyclic IDP mimics with up to 640 amino acids (∼52 kDa) via an iterative exponential growth (IEG) strategy. Following a known sequence originating from the disordered region of natural tropoelastin, linear elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) were synthesized by conjugating monomeric pentapeptides via IEG, which transferred the sequence and chiral features of pentapeptides to the resultant polypeptides, thereby achieving robust control of their molecular weights and stereochemistry.

Internet of things enabled deep learning monitoring system for realtime performance metrics and athlete feedback in college sports.

This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled Deep Learning Monitoring (IoT-E-DLM) model for real-time Athletic Performance (AP) tracking and feedback in collegiate sports. The proposed work integrates advanced wearable sensor technologies with a hybrid neural network combining Temporal Convolutional Networks, Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (TCN + BiLSTM) + Attention mechanisms. It is designed to overcome key challenges in processing heterogeneous, high-frequency sensor data and delivering low-latency, sport-specific feedback.

Two Transcriptional Factors Antagonistically Fine-Tune MIR1863a to Balance Resistance and Yield Traits in Rice.

Immune activation usually trades off growth, leading to yield loss. Genes that coordinate resistance and yield are urgently required for crop improvement. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) provide rich candidates for coordinating resistance with yield.

Effects of exercise on aerobic capacity in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise on aerobic capacity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus from inception to September 8, 2024. The Cochrane risk assessment tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included literature.

Stereocomplexation-Promoted Alternating Supramolecular Copolymerization of Peptide-(Lactic Acid) Conjugates.

Spontaneous association of multiple components into coassemblies significantly amplifies the complexity of supramolecular systems. Owing to varied noncovalent interactions, the precise regulation of the copolymerization pathway, molecular arrangement, and assembled morphology remains a huge challenge. Here, we report an intriguing system as the first example of using complementary stereocomplexation between enantiomeric (lactic acid)s (LAs) to govern the supramolecular copolymerization behavior of a series of amphiphilic peptide conjugates.

SGLT2 inhibitors in autoimmune diseases: emerging therapeutic potential and clinical challenges.

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks self-antigens, leading to tissue and organ damage. The exact mechanisms underlying AIDs pathogenesis remain unclear, and effective treatments are currently limited, posing significant therapeutic challenges. Recent studies suggest that targeting T cell immune metabolism could be a promising approach for treating AIDs.

Protein Engineering of an Inositol-1-phosphate Synthase Based on the Active-Site Redesign Facilitates the Biomanufacturing of -Inositol from Starch Synthetic Enzymatic Biosystem.

-Inositol, a water-soluble B vitamin compound, has broad applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and feed industries. Sustainable production of -inositol from starch can be achieved using an synthetic enzymatic biosystem (ivSEB) comprising four key enzymes. The NAD/NADH self-recycling hyperthermophilic inositol 1-phosphate synthase (AfIPS) from catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction.

Improvement of SAM2 Algorithm Based on Kalman Filtering for Long-Term Video Object Segmentation.

The Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM2) has achieved state-of-the-art performance in pixel-level object segmentation for both static and dynamic visual content. Its streaming memory architecture maintains spatial context across video sequences, yet struggles with long-term tracking due to its static inference framework. SAM 2's fixed temporal window approach indiscriminately retains historical frames, failing to account for frame quality or dynamic motion patterns.

Comparative transcriptome profiling and co-expression network analysis reveals important genes regulating maize response to Southern corn rust.

Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Puccinia polysora Underw. (P. polysora) poses a serious threat to global maize (Zea mays L.

Low-dose lenvatinib plus toripalimab for patients with platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer: preliminary results from a multicenter, phase II trial (NCT06241105).

Objective: Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) remains a therapeutic challenge. While immune checkpoint inhibitor plus lenvatinib demonstrates potential efficacy in ovarian cancer, the standard 20 mg lenvatinib dosage causes significant adverse events leading to treatment disruption. We present preliminary results of a multicenter, single-arm phase II trial evaluating low-dose lenvatinib plus toripalimab for recurrent PROC.

Dihydrotanshinone I targets the spike N-terminal domain to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry and spike-induced inflammation.

Background: Despite progress made in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous challenges persist, including breakthrough infections (BTI) and reinfections with SARS-CoV-2. There is an urgent need for broad-spectrum antiviral agents with multifaceted functionalities. Dihydrotanshinone I (DHT), a lipophilic monomer component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects.

Effects of Exercise on Dynamic Balance in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of exercise on the dynamic balance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and identify the optimal exercise prescription for clinical practice. A comprehensive search was conducted across the Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases up to 10 November 2024, to identify randomized controlled trials assessing exercise interventions in T2DM patients, with dynamic balance as the primary outcome. Thirteen studies involving 413 participants were included.