Characterization of mitogenome revealed a remarkable evolution in genome size and composition of protein-coding genes.

Red root disease in rubber trees, caused by , is a prevalent and severe soil-borne disease in rubber tree cultivation areas. The pathogen exhibits complex infections, with multiple transmission pathways, making the disease highly concealed and difficult to diagnose in its early stages. As a result, prevention and control are challenging, posing a serious threat to rubber production.

Construction of hierarchical structured dual-shell hollow polyhedra NiCoO based on TiCT for advanced lithium-ion and sodium-ion capacitors.

The development of lithium/sodium ion hybrid capacitors has been constrained by the dynamic disparity between the anode and cathode, in conjunction with the volume expansion of the anode material during the cycling phase. In this study, a dual-shell dodecahedral structure NiCoO composite was fabricated by combining it with hydrofluoric acid-etched TiCT lamellar material. The NiCoO dual-shell dodecahedron structure manifests a substantial specific surface area and more active sites.

Targeting the ANXA8-SP1-PPA1 Axis to Modulate TCA Cycle and Matrix Deposition in Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer.

Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is an aggressive tumor type characterized by a dense extracellular matrix (ECM). Metabolic reprogramming, a key oncogenic factor driving tumor progression, is closely linked to ECM deposition, although the regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we integrated single-cell sequencing, proteomics, metabolomics, and large-scale clinical data to identify the metabolic signature of DGC.

Unlocking the potential of a multi-electron p-type polyheterocycle cathode: when it meets a small-size and high-charge anion.

High-voltage p-type organic cathodes are attracting broad attention for boosting zinc batteries, but are hindered by single-electron reactions and low utilization of redox sites due to high reaction energy barriers with incompatible anions. Here we design polyheterocycle organics (PHOs) grafting dual-site-active phenothiazine and piperazine motifs to form donor-acceptor-extended structures which show multi-electron p-type redox reactions for superior anion storage. With the decrease in anionic Stokes radius and the increase in charge density (TFSI → OTF → SO ), SO exhibits the strongest bipedal ion-pairing ability with PHOs during oxidation an ultralow activation energy (0.

Characterization of a novel, virulent PRRSV-1 subtype 1 strain with intestinal tropism in China.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes abortions in sows and abnormal respiratory symptoms in piglets. Recently, reports of PRRSV-1 infection in China are growing, however, data on the pathogenicity of PRRSV-1 subtype 1 are limited. In this study, a PRRSV strain, namely GXFS20220129, was isolated from the lung tissues of piglets exhibiting respiratory distress and diarrhea on a pig farm in southern China.

Effect of Intravenous, Inhalational, or Combined Anesthesia Maintenance on Postoperative Respiratory Adverse Events in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy (AmPRAEC): A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: General anesthetic drugs may affect the risk of postoperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) in children, but the effect of anesthesia maintenance strategies on these events has not yet been widely validated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that anesthesia maintenance with propofol infusion in addition to inhalation anesthesia or alone would lead to a progressive reduction in the incidence of PRAEs.

Methods: This multicenter randomized clinical trial (AmPRAEC study) enrolled 760 children aged 0-12 years who underwent adenotonsillectomy at 12 hospitals in China.

1,4-Dearomatization of Pyridines and Quinolines Enabled by the Carbodication Lewis Acid.

1,4-Dihydropyridines (DHPs) are valuable compounds in medicinal chemistry and organic synthesis. The most straightforward pathway for preparing 1,4-DHPs is the direct 1,4-reduction of pyridines and quinolines. However, existing strategies are not effective for pyridines with electron-withdrawing substituents at the C2 position.

Keratin 6A Overexpression in the Lymphovascular Invasion-Associated Tumor Subgroup Promotes Progression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a strong predictor of poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), yet its molecular basis remains unclear. This study investigates epithelial regulators associated with LVI and their functional roles in TNBC progression.

Materials And Methods: We utilized single-cell sequencing data to further characterize epithelial cell populations in TNBC, identifying dominant epithelial clusters in LVI-positive TNBC tissues.

Nucleophilic α- and β-Additions Enable Redox-Neutral Aziridination of Conjugated Hydroxamates.

Aziridination of olefins using nonprotected primary amines as nitrogen donors under oxidative conditions is highly desirable but poses challenges due to the incompatibility of nonprotected amines with oxidants. To address this issue, a strategy to leverage an internal oxidant is proposed. This method enables nucleophilic α- and β-additions of amines to conjugated hydroxamates, allowing for the assembly of complex aziridines from simple and safe building blocks.

Enantiodivergent Access to Acyclic Quaternary Stereocenters by Nitrilase-Catalyzed Desymmetrizing Hydrolysis of Malononitriles.

The desymmetrization of fully substituted carbons bearing a pair of enantiotopic functional groups represents a pragmatic approach to the synthesis of quaternary stereocenters. Prochiral α,α-disubstituted malononitriles are of particular interest due to the simplicity of their preparation, the programmable introduction of functional substituents, and the high synthetic value of the resulting enantioenriched nitriles. Nevertheless, the asymmetric catalytic transformation of these malononitriles to all-carbon quaternary stereocenters represents a significant challenge.

Changes in Ocular Biometry After Pharmacologic Cycloplegia and Mydriasis in Primary Angle Closure Disease.

Introduction: The mechanism of primary angle closure disease (PACD) has been extensively investigated, while some cases remain unexplained. Hypothesizing that chronic primary ciliary block (CB) may play a role in PACD pathogenesis and the contribution could be revealed by pharmacologic cycloplegia and mydriasis, this study analyzed changes in anterior segment biometric parameters following cycloplegic intervention.

Methods: A total of 170 eyes of 170 Chinese subjects aged between 50 and 80 years were included: 90 in the primary angle closure suspect (PACS) group, 33 in the primary angle closure (PAC)/PAC glaucoma (PACG) group, and 47 in the normal control group.

A protein structure-dependent fluorescent probe for real-time β-lactoglobulin detection.

Real-time detection of β-lactoglobulin, a prominent bioactive protein in milk-based beverages, enables the acceleration of analytical workflows, thereby facilitating immediate on-site beverage quality analysis. Conventional analytical methods often require specialized equipment or prolonged times, limiting their utility for instant on-site applications. Herein, targeting the unique central calyx binding site within β-lactoglobulin, a novel protein structure-dependent fluorescent probe (DNP) was designed for the protein detection.

Direct feature identification from Raman spectra and precise data-driven classification of phytopathogens at single conidium-species level.

Early and accurate identification of phytopathogenic conidia, which cause substantial agricultural and economic losses, is critical for preventing disease and prescribing management. However, traditional methods based on morphology and molecular biology are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and ineffective at the species level. Here, we aimed to develop a new classification approach through Raman spectroscopy and data-driven modeling.

YKT6 Is Essential for Male Fertility by Promoting Meiosis Progression During Spermatogenesis of Mice.

SNARE proteins are required for membrane fusion events throughout the endomembrane system, and are therefore associated with vesicular transport. Here, we found that the SNARE family member, YKT6, is indispensable for male fertility in mice. Conditional Ykt6 knockout in pre-meiotic and meiotic germ cells leads to complete sterility and meiotic arrest in male mice, which exhibit loss of spermatocytes in seminiferous tubules, but without obvious disruption of chromosomal behaviours during meiosis.

Tailoring Local Chemistry of O3-Type Ni/Fe/Mn-Based Layered Oxide Cathodes for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries.

The promising development potential of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as complementary candidates to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy storage systems calls for a more fundamental investigation and performance optimization of layered transition metal (TM) oxide cathode materials. However, insufficient rate capability and rapid capacity decay have hindered the potential application of low-cost O3-type Ni/Fe/Mn-based layered oxides. Herein, a universal strategy using the multifunctional rare earth elements (REs = Lu, Yb, Er, etc.

GRU-TV: Time- and Velocity-aware Gated Recurrent Unit for patient representation.

Objective: The multivariate clinical temporal series (MCTS) extracted from electronic health records (EHRs) can characterize the dynamic physiological processes. Previous deep patient representation models were proposed to address imputation values and irregular sampling in MCTS. However, the change in physiological status, particularly instantaneous velocity, has not received adequate attention.

In Situ Growth of CoS Nanosheets on Carbon Fiber Surfaces to Enhance the Interfacial Properties of Carbon Fiber/Norbornene Polyimide Composites.

This study presents a novel method for altering the surface properties of carbon fiber (CF) to improve the bonding strength at its interface with norbornene-polyimide (PI-NA) resin. Cobaltous sulfide (CoS) nanosheets were successfully synthesized on the CF surface using a solvothermal method combined with a chemical sulfidation process. The modification increased the specific surface area and surface roughness of the CFs, enhancing the interfacial mechanical lock-in effect between the fibers and the resin.

YcsE-mediated dephosphorylation of ComP regulates surfactin and iturin synthesis in Bacillus velezensis HN-1.

Antifungal lipopeptides are crucial bioactive compounds produced by Bacillus velezensis through non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS). However, the roles of phosphatases and histidine kinases in regulating lipopeptides synthesis in Bacillus species remain understudied. Here, we investigate the regulatory mechanisms of the phosphatase YcsE and the histidine kinase ComP in lipopeptides synthesis in B.

Rhizosphere microbes mitigate the shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis.

Shade avoidance responses are defined as the plastic responses of plants to neighboring shading signals through changes in the light spectrum, which limit planting density in modern agricultural practices. Here, we found that shade avoidance responses depend on soil microbes and identified a microbe-root-shoot circuit that bolsters aboveground shade tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Rhizosphere microbes systemically regulate the expression of aboveground shade-responsive genes, which are associated with the altered homeostasis of jasmonic-acid- and salicylic-acid-related metabolites.

The whole genome analysis of the wild-type and attenuated orf virus reveals that ORF022 facilitates viral replication.

Background: Contagious ecthyma is an acute infectious zoonosis caused by orf virus (ORFV). Live-attenuated ORFV vaccines have played a crucial role in preventing contagious ecthyma for decades. However, these vaccines often fail to induce long-lasting immunity.

[Effects of organic inputs on soil nutrients and microbial metabolism in newly reclaimed farmlands].

It remains unclear how soil microbial metabolism responds to organic input and the driving factors during soil carbon fixation and fertilization in newly reclaimed farmlands. We conducted a field experiment to explore the effects of different organic inputs on soil nutrients, organic carbon fractions, extracellular enzyme activities, microbial metabolism, and microbial carbon utilization efficiency in a newly reclaimed farmland with a rice-wheat rotation in Jiande of Zhejiang in 2022. Five treatments were implemented with equivalent C return in addition to conventional chemical fertilizers (NPK): 1) NPK alone (control), 2) NPK + manure + maize straw (MS), 3) NPK + manure (M), 4) NPK + straw biochar-based manure (MBF), and 5) NPK + straw biochar (MB).

Hydrolase P1 in Bacillus velezensis HN-2 confers tobacco resistance by delaying TMV infection.

Background: Tobacco is a critical cash crop globally, contributing significantly to government revenues. However, its production is severely threatened by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which causes substantial yield and quality losses, leading to economic damage. Given the limited efficacy of chemical controls, biological control methods have gained prominence.

Integrating Urea-Based Units Into Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Artemisinin Photosynthesis.

Artemisinin and its derivatives are the most efficacious treatment for malaria, and the artificial synthesis of artemisinin supplies a promising method to satisfy market demand. However, conventional artemisinin preparation via homogeneous photo/acid-catalytic reactions usually suffers from the difficulty in recycling the photo/acid-catalysts and treating waste acid. Consequently, it is still highly urgent for developing environment-friendly and effective artificial preparation methods for artemisinin.

Access to Polysubstituted Pyrimidin-2-ones by Pd-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkyne-Tethered Malononitriles and Isocyanates.

Transition-metal-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of alkynes, nitriles, and other π partners have been recognized as economic strategies to assemble aza-six-membered rings, but access to pyrimidin-2-ones is not disclosed. Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of 1,3-diyne-substituted malononitriles and isocyanates for the construction of polysubstituted pyrimidin-2-ones. This reaction features a broad substrate scope and moderate to high yields.