Optimizing lignocellulose conversion: A comparative study of alkali-assisted ball milling pretreatment of cotton stalk and corn stover.

Cotton stalk (CTS) and corn stover (CRS) were pretreated using solid alkali (NaOH or Ca(OH)) assisted ball milling (BM). The physicochemical properties of the pretreated materials and their high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis performance were systematically investigated. The interaction between alkali and straw was synergistically enhanced by mechanical force generated during BM, achieving effective lignin removal.

Diagnostic value of thyroid-related serological indicators and pan-immune-inflammation value for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Over the past decade, the remarkable rise in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) incidence, combined with the limitations of conventional diagnostic approaches, have prompted this study to explore the diagnostic value of thyroid-related serological indicators and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) for DTC, based on advancements in molecular biology and immunology.

Methods: Based on postoperative pathological diagnosis, the present retrospective research comprised 112 individuals afflicted with DTC (observation group) and 93 individuals having benign thyroid tumors (control group) from January 2023 to January 2025. Differences in clinical data between the two groups were analyzed via univariate statistical methods.

Nanogel Loaded with Leaf-Derived Exosome-like Nanovesicles and Indomethacin for the Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis.

Inflammatory arthritis (IA) is a chronic condition marked by joint dysfunction and pain, posing significant challenges for effective drug delivery. This study separated leaf-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PFE) to effectively penetrate the stratum corneum barrier. These nanovesicles and indomethacin (IND) were subsequently developed into a nanogel designed for topical drug delivery systems (PFE-IND-GEL).

Environmental Drivers of Phytoplankton Structure in a Semi-Arid Reservoir.

Artificial reservoirs in arid regions provide unique ecological environments for studying the spatial and functional dynamics of plankton communities under the combined stressors of climate change and anthropogenic activities. This study conducted a systematic investigation of the phytoplankton community structure and its environmental drivers in 17 artificial reservoirs in the Ili region of Xinjiang in August and October 2024. The Ili region is located in the temperate continental arid zone of northwestern China.

Evaluation of the effects of the body on athletes' emotions and motivational behaviors from the perspective of big data public health.

Objective: An analysis was conducted on the impact of the body on athletes' emotions and motivation from the perspective of Public Health (PH).

Methods: PSO-KNN (Particle Swarm Optimization-K-Nearest Neighbor) algorithm and PSO-SVM algorithm (Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine) were obtained by combining Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), and then the recognition rates of the two algorithms were compared.

Results: When comparing the PSO-KNN algorithm and PSO-SVM algorithm on baseline removed and baseline not removed, the average recognition rates of PSO-KNN algorithm and PSO-SVM algorithm under emotional state were 56.

Network analysis of social support and anxiety symptoms among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Recent research suggests that focusing on specific symptoms, rather than general levels of impairment, may offer a more nuanced understanding of psychopathology. Given the unique social and psychological challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aims to explore the relationships between the three dimensions of perceived social support family support, friend support, and other support-and individual anxiety symptoms among college students. The pandemic context provides an opportunity to examine how different forms of social support may influence specific anxiety symptoms in a time of heightened stress and restricted social interactions.

Quantification of Fatty Acids from Arctium lappa L. Leaves by C qNMR and HPLC-CAD.

Arctium lappa L. (burdock) leaves is effective in the traditional treatment of stroke. Fatty acids are abundant in burdock leaves, and may play an important role in the treatment of stroke.

Pan-Genome-Based Characterization of the PYL Transcription Factor Family in .

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a key phytohormone involved in regulating plant growth and responses to environmental stress. As receptors of ABA, pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR)/PYR1-like (PYL) proteins play a central role in initiating ABA signal transduction. In this study, a total of 30 genes were identified and classified into three sub-families (PYL I-III) in the pan-genome of 17 species, through phylogenetic analysis.

TSLEPS: A Two-Stage Localization and Erasure Method for Privacy Protection in Sensor-Captured Images.

With the widespread deployment of mobile imaging sensors and smart devices, the risk of image privacy leakage is increasing daily. Protecting sensitive information in captured images has become increasingly critical. Existing image privacy protection measures usually rely on manual blurring and occlusion, which are inefficient, prone to omitting privacy information, and have an irreversible impact on the usability and quality of images.

Screening and Phenotyping of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Boza.

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from a traditional fermented beverage, Boza, and to conduct an in-depth study on their fermentation and probiotic properties. The fermentation (acid production rate, acid tolerance, salt tolerance, amino acid decarboxylase activity) and probiotic properties (gastrointestinal tolerance, bile salt tolerance, hydrophobicity, self-aggregation, drug resistance, bacteriostatic properties) of the 16 isolated LAB were systematically analyzed by morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests and 16S rDNA molecular biology. This analysis utilized principal component analysis (PCA) to comprehensively evaluate the biological properties of the strains.

Comprehensive validation of reference genes in Solanum nigrum under abiotic stresses: Identifying pendimethalin-responsive genes for herbicide resistance insights.

Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.), a globally invasive weed of the Solanaceae family, exhibits remarkable adaptability to diverse abiotic stresses. Despite its ecological and agricultural significance, validated reference genes (RGs) for reliable RT-qPCR normalization in this species remain undefined.

Chemical composition, microbial community, and fermentation characteristic of sweet sorghum straw fermented with sheep rumen fluid by in vitro method.

This study aimed to explore how pre-treatment with rumen fluid and the duration of anaerobic fermentation of sweet sorghum (SS) straw affect the nutritional constituents, fermentation characteristics, and microbial community. Various amounts of diluted rumen fluid (0, 10, 20, and 30 mL per 100 g of SS straw) were mixed with the straw to produce fermented feed with a target moisture content of 75 %. The sampling and analysis were conducted on days 0, 15, and 45, respectively.

Spatiotemporal dynamics and driving forces of cultivated land in China.

It is important to study the temporal and spatial change characteristics and the decreasing trend in cultivated land in China in the past decades, analyze the core influencing factors of the cultivated land decrease, and understand the regularity and trend in the cultivated land change. This study has important guiding significance for ensuring food security in China and optimizing and adjusting the pattern of land spatial development and utilization. Based on the data of China's urban cultivated land change from 1990 to 2022, this study analyzes the pattern of cultivated land protection and destruction in China from the perspective of the total cultivated land change, the increase and decrease evolution characteristics, and future trends and determines the main driving factors of cultivated land destruction in the process of urbanization.

Dissolving microneedles enabled delivery of Oxaliplatin- sodium butyrate loaded outer membrane vesicles against rectal cancer.

Background: Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of rectal cancer (RC). However, traditional administration methods are plagued by low efficiency, high systemic side effects, and poor patient tolerance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a targeted drug delivery system to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity.

Sensory and neural responses to flavor compound 3-Methylbutanal in dry fermented sausages: Enhancing perceived overall aroma.

This study investigated the impact of 3-methylbutanal (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 μg/kg) on aroma and neural responses in fermented sausages. Among 33 volatiles identified, 3-methylbutanal exhibited the highest odor activity value of 868, indicating its dominant contribution. Sensory analysis showed that samples with 180 μg/kg received the highest ratings for savory (7.

Taxonomic and functional diversity of alkali-tolerant bacteria enriched from the Taklimakan Desert.

The Taklimakan Desert is a naturally alkaline ecosystem harboring a rich diversity of alkali-resistant microorganisms. However, systematic studies on their distribution, diversity, and biotechnological potential remain limited. In this study, five representative soil samples were collected from the central region of the Taklimakan Desert, where the original soil pH ranged from 8.

Stage-specific metabolic allocation: nutrient investment strategies during Ashmead development.

Introduction: Parasitic wasps are key biological control agents that rely on precise nutrient allocation to regulate host exploitation and optimize their own development. Nutrients, particularly lipids and energy-related metabolites, play a critical role in shaping stage-specific growth and survival strategies in parasitic wasps.

Methods: To analyze the allocation patterns of metabolite resources during development of parasitoid wasps, the multi-omics analysis was employed to systematically investigate nutrient dynamics across three growth periods in Ashmead, a major parasitoid of cotton aphid ( Glover).

Research on Rapid and Non-Destructive Detection of Prune Brix Based on Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technology.

Prunes, known for their sweet aroma and smooth texture, are rich in vitamins and minerals, making them both a delicious and nutritious food. Brix is a key indicator of prune quality; however, rapid and nondestructive measurement remains a challenge. About this research, visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectral data from various prune types were collected and preprocessed using Standard Normal Variate (SNV) to reduce noise and scattering effects.

Dual-action mechanism of Tamarix polyphenols in inhibiting IQ and MeIQ: Synergistic scavenging of free radicals and trapping of reactive carbonyls.

Tamarix lamb skewers are highly favored for its distinctive flavor profile, with polyphenol-rich Tamarix branches demonstrating inhibitory effects on heterocyclic amine (HAs) formation during lamb roasting. Four major polyphenols were evaluated for suppressing 2-amino-3-methyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-3,4-dimethyl-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) in chemical models and lamb patties. Mechanistic investigations employed Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) to quantify radical scavenging capacity and UPLC-MS/MS to assess reactive carbonyl (acrolein/crotonaldehyde) trapping efficiency.

Response of stalk lodging resistance traits, yield and quality of silage maize to high density.

A two-factor randomized block experiment was conducted in 2024 to investigate three silage maize varieties under three high densities (150,000, 180,000, and 210,000 plants [Formula: see text]). The study aimed to explore how high-density environments affect stalk lodging. The results showed that: (1) The increase in density significantly altered the traits related to the stalks.

An efficient detection method for camel milk quality based on dielectric spectroscopy technology.

To address the long-standing dual challenges in the camel milk industry, namely, the difficulty in identifying adulteration and the severe lag in nutritional component detection, this study analyzed the variation patterns of the dielectric constant (ε') and dielectric loss factor (ε") of camel milk fat, protein, and lactose. Based on the dielectric spectrum, detection models were constructed using partial least squares (PLS), convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory network (LSTM), CNN-LSTM, and an optimized CNN-LSTM fused with the crested porcupine optimizer (CPO) and squeeze-and-excitation network (CPO-CNN-LSTM-SEN) for camel milk quality detection. The results indicate that across the 0.

Genome-Wide Identification of DNA Methyltransferase and Demethylase in sect. Turanga and Their Potential Roles in Heteromorphic Leaf Development in .

DNA methylation, mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DMTs) and demethylases (DMLs), is an important epigenetic modification that maintains genomic stability and regulates gene expression in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, a comprehensive characterization of these gene families in sect. Turanga remains lacking.

Enzymatic Modification of Walnut Shell for High-Efficiency Adsorptive Methylene Blue Removal.

Developing energy-efficient and environmentally benign synthesis protocols is crucial to agricultural waste-based adsorbent preparation. This study prepared novel walnut shell-derived adsorbents by enzymatic modification using a green process, and the as-prepared material was used for methylene blue (MB) removal from wastewater. The results showed that under the optimized conditions (100 mg L methylene blue (MB) solution, pH 7, 30 °C, 120 min adsorption time, and 0.

Probiotic-Drug Conjugates Achieve Synchronized Site-Specific Probiotic Colonization and On-Demand Drug Release against Ulcerative Colitis and Its Complication.

The oral surface-modified probiotic therapy, capable of maintaining activity and adhesion of probiotics under harsh gastrointestinal conditions, is effective in treating ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the currently reported surface-modified probiotics suffer from poor selective colonization at a lesion site and limited codelivery capability with other treatment modalities due to different physicochemical properties. Herein, we develop triggerable probiotic-drug conjugates that enable synchronous site-specific probiotic colonization and on-demand drug release for the treatment of UC and its complication.

Quantitative microbiome profiling reveals associations between ruminal microbiota shifts and accelerated milk production increase in dairy cows.

Milk is a valuable source of essential nutrients for humans. In dairy cows, the rumen-the largest digestive organ-plays a critical role in supporting high productivity. The postpartum period marks a crucial transition to peak lactation, characterized by a rapid rise in milk and milk solids yield.