PARP (Poly ADP-ribose Polymerase) Family in Health and Disease.

The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family consists of 17 members of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺)-dependent enzymes that regulate key biological processes by catalyzing adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation, either poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) or mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation (MARylation). These biological processes encompass DNA repair, metabolism, telomere maintenance, and immune responses. Based on structural and functional features, the PARP family is classified into subcategories, such as DNA-dependent PARPs, Tankyrase, CCCH-type PARPs, MacroPARPs, and atypical PARPs.

Microglia-derived exosomes modulate myelin regeneration via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway in oligodendrocyte precursor cells in MS.

Demyelination is a prominent feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), where the ability of damaged areas to regenerate myelin is limited. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) accumulate in these areas but struggle to mature into oligodendrocytes (OLGs). Microglia also gather at the lesion site, but their impact on OPCs differentiation is not well understood.

Stability analysis and optimization of open pit mine slopes based on the improved Sarma method with nonhomogeneous hydraulic boundary conditions.

Although the traditional Sarma method considers the hydrostatic pressure effect, in the actual engineering, the hydraulic conditions are complex and most of them are nonhomogeneous hydraulic boundary conditions, this paper considers the nonhomogeneous hydraulic boundary conditions based on the traditional Sarma method, and based on the improved Sarma method model, the stability evaluation of the designed slope and the slope angle is carried out with the slope of the Aynak open-pit copper mine as the engineering background-optimization study. Firstly, the numerical simulation method carried out the stability analysis of the designed excavation slopes. Then the stability of the final boundary slopes was evaluated based on the improved Sarma method model.

Co-Fermentation of Defatted Zanthoxylum bungeanum Seeds by Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Achieves Complete Alkylamide Degradation and Nutritional Enhancement.

Zanthoxylum bungeanum seeds (ZBS), a nutrient-rich by-product, are underutilized in animal feed due to pungent alkylamides like hydroxy-α-sanshool. This study aimed to degrade alkylamides via microbial fermentation and enhance ZBS's nutritional value. Lactobacillus casei 37 and L.

Establishment and Evaluation of Cell Models for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Challenges and Prospects.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung condition primarily affecting premature infants. It significantly impacts their growth, development, and health. Recently, in vitro models have been created, offering new insights into the causes and potential treatments for BPD.

MHR Was Associated with Hyperuricemia Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Mediating Effect of Body Mass Index.

Background: The monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) reflects systemic inflammation, combining the pro-inflammatory role of monocytes with the anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of HDL-cholesterol. Prior studies have established MHR as an independent predictor of hyperuricemia (HUA) prevalence. Emerging evidence further identifies MHR as a potential biomarker for early type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) screening, likely mediated through its association with insulin resistance.

The Significant Impact of Biomass Burning Emitted Particles on Typical Haze Pollution in Changsha, China.

In this study, typical haze pollution influenced by biomass burning (BB) activities in Changsha in the autumn of 2024 was investigated through the mixing state and evolution process of BB particles via the real-time measurement of single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). From the clean period to the haze period, the PM concentration increased from 25 μg·m at 12:00 to 273 μg·m at 21:00 on 12 October, and the proportion of total BB single particles in the total detected particles increased from 17.2% to 54%.

Enhancing clinical skills education through scenario-based simulation with debriefing: A randomized controlled study on bone marrow aspiration training.

Background: Simulation-based medical education is gaining traction for its safety, repeatability, and near-realistic scenarios. Debriefing is vital for deep learning and translating theory into practice. This study applies scenario-based simulation with structured debriefing to bone marrow aspiration training to offer a replicable, scalable model and evidence of its effectiveness in clinical skills education.

Analysis of novel therapeutic targets and construction of a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains suboptimal due to limited biomarkers. Although ferroptosis and cuproptosis have emerged as promising therapeutic targets, their prognostic significance in HCC remains unclear.

Methods: This study analyzed the expression of ferroptosis- and cuproptosis-related genes associated with survival in HCC, utilizing datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus.

Astrocytes expressing mutant hnRNPA1 induce non-cell-autonomous motor neuron death.

Pathogenic mutation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) is causative to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neuron death resulting from pathogenic hnRNPA1 may not require its presence across all pertinent cells types, including neurons, glia, and muscles. Rather, the exclusive presence of pathogenic hnRNPA1 in a specific cell type, such as astrocytes, may suffice to substantially alter cellular functions.

Dissolving microneedles enabled delivery of Oxaliplatin- sodium butyrate loaded outer membrane vesicles against rectal cancer.

Background: Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of rectal cancer (RC). However, traditional administration methods are plagued by low efficiency, high systemic side effects, and poor patient tolerance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a targeted drug delivery system to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity.

HybriSeq: probe-based device-free single-cell RNA profiling.

We have developed the HybriSeq method for single-cell RNA profiling, which utilizes in situ hybridization of multiple probes for targeted transcripts, followed by split-pool barcoding and sequencing analysis of the probes. We have shown that HybriSeq can achieve high sensitivity for RNA detection with multiple probes and profile entire transcripts without an end bias. The utility of HybriSeq is demonstrated in characterizing cell-to-cell heterogeneities of a panel of 196 genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the detection of missed annotations of transcripts.

A competency-based instructional design: A progressive blended case-based teaching method.

Background: Competency-based medical education requires innovative teaching models, yet limited evidence exists on the combined effectiveness of blended and case-based learning. This study aimed to evaluate a progressive blended case-based teaching model's effectiveness in enhancing the clinical competencies of medical students.

Methods: From September 2022 to January 2023, 258 5th-year clinical medical students were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to either a "3-tier progressive" case-based teaching group (experimental, n = 123) or a traditional lecture-based group (control, n = 135) for an integrated urology module.

The role of the classical renin-angiotensin system and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/Ang(1-7)/Mas axis in pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF), a progressive and fatal disease, is characterized by fibroblast proliferation, excessive extracellular matrix deposition, and collagen synthesis. These pathological changes lead to impaired lung structure and function, ultimately resulting in respiratory failure. Emerging basic and clinical evidence highlight the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as a critical contributor to PF onset and progression.

Exosome-delivered METTL14 drives hypoxia-induced proliferation, metastasis, and glycolysis of breast cancer cells through regulating TRIM16-mediated FGF7 ubiquitination.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer and has a poor prognosis. Previous studies have indicated that Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 (FGF7) plays a vital role in the development and progression of breast cancer. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of FGF7 in TNBC remain largely unclear under hypoxia.

YAP charge patterning mediates signal integration through transcriptional co-condensates.

Transcription factor dynamics are used to selectively engage gene regulatory programs. Biomolecular condensates have emerged as an attractive signaling module in this process, but the underlying mechanisms are not well-understood. Here, we probe the molecular basis of YAP signal integration through transcriptional condensates.

Correlation of fetal heartbeat outcome after Day 3 or Day 5 single embryo transfer of morphologically selected embryos with an annotation-free deep learning scoring system: Results from a multi-center study.

Objective: To evaluate whether the use of a fully automated AI-based scoring system (iDAScore V2) for selecting viable embryos using fetal heartbeat (FHB) as an indicator is equivalent to morphology assessment.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study across four fertility centers analyzed embryos selected for single embryo transfer on Day 3 or Day 5 + based on morphology and time-lapse video. All transferred embryos from participating centers were retrospectively scored using a fully automated AI-based embryo scoring algorithm and standardized morphology assessment.

Mechanical signaling via β2 integrin decouples T cell proliferation and differentiation for generating stem cell-like CAR T cells.

Downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, proliferation and differentiation programs are thought to be linked to maintain T cell homeostasis. This biology, however, also leads to the in vitro generation of suboptimal chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Here, we show that proliferation and differentiation programs can be decoupled by fibrin matrix-based mechanical signaling, leading to abundant generation of undifferentiated stem cell-like CAR (stem-CAR) T cells.

A Pectin-Based Delivery Nanoplatform with an Optimized Tradeoff between Active Targeting and Drug Loading for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment.

The presence of multivalent reactive groups in the structure of natural polysaccharides enables diverse modifications toward advanced nanomedicines with integrated functionalities for enhanced cancer therapy; therefore, a polysaccharide-based nanoplatform with an optimized trade-off between multifunctionalities for a maximized therapeutic efficiency has been always a long-term research interest, which, however, remains relatively unexplored. We report herein pectin-based delivery nanoplatforms with an optimized trade-off between active targeting and drug loading for chemo-immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Specifically, the targeting moiety of pectin, galactose, is subjected to partial oxidization to an aldehyde function that enables the simultaneous modulation of active targeting properties and drug conjugation capacity by the degree of oxidation, affording pectin-based polymer prodrugs OP2-DOX, OP6-DOX, and OP10-DOX with three different degrees of oxidation.

The predictive value of PCT, SP-D and 8-iso-PGF2 α for the development of severe pneumonia in children.

Background: To investigate the predictive value of predictive value of procalcitonin (PCT), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D (SP-D) for the development of severe pneumonia in children.

Methodology: Children with severe pneumonia were selected as the pneumonia group, and children with non-pulmonary respiratory diseases were selected as the control group. PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α, and SP-D were compared between the pneumonia group and the control group at admission; PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α, SP-D, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE-II), Pediatric Critical Illness Score (PCIS) and Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) scores were compared between children with severe pneumonia with different pathogen infection types and different prognostic outcomes; and the correlation between APACHE-II, CPIS, and PCIS scores and PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α, and SP-D levels was analysed in children with severe pneumonia.

Nitric Oxide-to-Ammonia Synthesis with Nearly 100% Yield by Ambient-Pressure Thermocatalysis under Mild Temperature.

This study discovered a new thermocatalytic reaction of NO-to-NH synthesis to solve nitric oxide pollution and low NH synthesis efficiency. Solid-solution OsPt/γ-AlO exhibited an outstanding performance in NO-to-NH synthesis under mild temperatures and ambient pressure. OsPt/γ-AlO yielded up to 97% NH at 200 °C, with remarkably higher yield and milder conditions than that of the Haber-Bosch process.

A Sprayable Nucleic Acid Hydrogel for Diabetic Wound Healing via Immunomodulation and Angiogenesis.

Diabetic wounds (DWs), a prevalent form of chronic wound, are highly susceptible to infection and impaired healing due to immune dysregulation, persistent inflammation, and abnormal angiogenesis, which can ultimately result in increased disability, mortality, and healthcare burdens. Uncontrollable bleeding and coagulation disorders following severe trauma present major challenges for existing hemostatic agents. To address these issues, a multifunctional nucleic acid hydrogel (TR21@TS) is developed by integrating microRNA-21-5p-loaded tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) with tannic acid (TA) and tetra-polyethylene glycol (4-PEG) derivatives, and the hybrid hydrogel exhibited wet adhesiveness, mechanical robustness, sprayability, and injectability.