The predictive value of PCT, SP-D and 8-iso-PGF2 α for the development of severe pneumonia in children.

Background: To investigate the predictive value of predictive value of procalcitonin (PCT), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D (SP-D) for the development of severe pneumonia in children.

Methodology: Children with severe pneumonia were selected as the pneumonia group, and children with non-pulmonary respiratory diseases were selected as the control group. PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α, and SP-D were compared between the pneumonia group and the control group at admission; PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α, SP-D, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE-II), Pediatric Critical Illness Score (PCIS) and Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) scores were compared between children with severe pneumonia with different pathogen infection types and different prognostic outcomes; and the correlation between APACHE-II, CPIS, and PCIS scores and PCT, 8-iso-PGF2α, and SP-D levels was analysed in children with severe pneumonia.

Expressing exogenous gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast with viral replication elements.

The advancement of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplasts as synthetic biology chassis remains constrained by low product yields, a limitation potentially rooted in chloroplast genomic heterogeneity. To address this replicative bottleneck, a geminivirus-inspired expression platform was developed in C. reinhardtii by leveraging replication machinery from the beet curly top virus, building upon its validated efficacy in Nicotiana tabacum.

Simultaneously ammonium and perchlorate remove via the partial nitrification-anammox coupled sulfur autotrophic system.

In this study, partial nitrification-anammox coupled sulfur autotrophic (PNA-SA) system was constructed for removing ammonium and perchlorate from composite wastewater simultaneously. The removal rates of ammonium and perchlorate could reach 94.2% and 93.

Correlations between lichen planus and autoimmune diseases: a Mendelian randomization study.

Previous observational studies have found that lichen planus (LP) is associated with autoimmune diseases. To determine the association between LP and 15 autoimmune diseases, we applied the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, which uses genetic variants as a tool to improve causal inference. We performed a two-sample MR with the genetic instruments identified for 15 autoimmune diseases.

Causal Links Between Renal Function and Cardiac Structure, Function, and Disease Risk.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, the causal relationships between renal function and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to determine the causal relationships between genetic susceptibility to impaired renal function and the risk of CVD endpoints, as well as cardiac structure and function detectable by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).

Corrigendum: PI-YOLO: dynamic sparse attention and lightweight convolutional based YOLO for vessel detection in pathological images.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.

A case of refractory anti-MDA5-positive amyopathic dermatomyositis successfully treated with upadacitinib.

Amyopathic dermatomyositis (ADM) is a rare, idiopathic, connective tissue disease and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive ADM is more treatment-resistant, especially in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The purpose of this article is to report a case of anti-MDA5-positive ADM successfully treated with JAK inhibitor Upadacitinib. A 35-year-old Chinese woman presented with recurrent itchy erythema on her face and scalp for 4 years.

Corrigendum: PI-YOLO: dynamic sparse attention and lightweight convolutional based YOLO for vessel detection in pathological images.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.

PI-YOLO: dynamic sparse attention and lightweight convolutional based YOLO for vessel detection in pathological images.

Vessel density within tumor tissues strongly correlates with tumor proliferation and serves as a critical marker for tumor grading. Recognition of vessel density by pathologists is subject to a strong inter-rater bias, thus limiting its prognostic value. There are many challenges in the task of object detection in pathological images, including complex image backgrounds, dense distribution of small targets, and insignificant differences between the features of the target to be detected and the image background.

No causal associations of genetically predicted birth weight and life course BMI with thyroid function and diseases.

Objective: Observational studies have suggested associations of birth weight, childhood BMI, and adulthood BMI with thyroid function or diseases. However, the causal relationships remain unclear due to residual confounding inherent in conventional epidemiological studies.

Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate causal relationships of genetically predicted birth weight, childhood BMI, and adulthood BMI with a range of clinically relevant thyroid outcomes.

Single-arm study of camrelizumab plus apatinib for patients with advanced mucosal melanoma.

Background: Previous studies have suggested the potential synergistic antitumor activity when combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with anti-angiogenic agents in various solid tumors. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab (a humanized programmed cell death-1 antibody) plus apatinib (a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor) for patients with advanced mucosal melanoma (MM), and explore-related biomarkers.

Methods: We conducted a single-center, open-label, single-arm, phase II study.

Assessing the causal relationship between circulating immune cells and abdominal aortic aneurysm by bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis.

Although there is an association between abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and circulating immune cell phenotypes, the exact causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal relationships between immune cell phenotypes and AAA risk using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. Data from genome-wide association studies pertaining to 731 immune cell traits and AAA were systematically analyzed.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular health: Evidence of causal relationships in a European ancestry population.

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but whether T2DM directly causes adverse cardiac remodelling is uncertain. We performed a comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relevance of T2DM to CVD outcomes and cardiac structure/function.

Methods And Results: Bidirectional two-sample MR was conducted using summary-level data from European-ancestry genome-wide association studies.

The predictors of short and long term urinary continence recovery after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a single cancer center report in China.

Purpose: To evaluate the predictors for short and long term urinary continence (UC) recovery after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) from clinical and oncological variables.

Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 142 prostate cancer patients who underwent LRP between September 2014 and June 2021 at a tumor specialist diagnosis and treatment center in China. The rate of post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) was evaluated from immediate and at 3, 6 and 12 mo after LRP, and UC was defined as the use of no or one safety pad.

A user-friendly visual brain-computer interface based on high-frequency steady-state visual evoked fields recorded by OPM-MEG.

. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) shares a comparable time resolution with electroencephalography. However, MEG excels in spatial resolution, enabling it to capture even the subtlest and weakest brain signals for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs).

Thyroid function effect on cardiac structure, cardiac function, and disease risk: Evidence of causal associations in European ancestry.

Background: Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in cardiovascular physiology. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction has been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but evidence is mixed regarding causality.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential causal relationships of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism with cardiovascular outcomes, including atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and ischemic stroke, as well as their effect on cardiac structure and function assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Causal role of circulating inflammatory cytokines in cardiac diseases, structure and function.

Background: Inflammation is implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathogenesis, but causal roles of specific circulating inflammatory cytokines remain unclear. Mendelian randomization (MR) studies are well-poised to provide etiological insights beyond constraints of conventional research.

Methods: We conducted a large-scale MR study to investigate potential causal relationships of 91 inflammatory proteins with CVD outcomes and cardiac remodeling using summary-level genetic data.

Image-based remote evaluation of PASI scores with psoriasis by the YOLO-v4 algorithm.

As a chronic relapsing disease, psoriasis is characterized by widespread skin lesions. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is the most frequently utilized tool for evaluating the severity of psoriasis in clinical practice. Nevertheless, long-term monitoring and precise evaluation pose difficulties for dermatologists and patients, which is time-consuming, subjective and prone to evaluation bias.

Single-cell sequencing reveals distinct immune cell features in cutaneous lesions of pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV) are two common subtypes of autoimmune bullous disease (AIBD). The key role of circulating autoreactive immune cells contributing to skin damage of AIBD has been widely recognized. Nevertheless, the immune characteristics in cutaneous lesions remain unclear.

Intratumor injection of BCG Ag85A high-affinity peptides enhanced anti-tumor efficacy in PPD-positive melanoma.

As one of the scheduled immunization vaccines worldwide, virtually all individuals have been vaccinated with BCG vaccine. In order to verify the hypothesis that delivering BCG high-affinity peptides to tumor areas could activate the existing BCG memory T cells to attack tumor, we firstly predicted the HLA-A*0201 high-affinity peptides of BCG Ag85A protein (KLIANNTRV, GLPVEYLQV), and then, A375 melanoma cells and HLA-A*0201 PBMCs (from PPD-positive adults) were added to co-incubated with the predicted peptides in vitro. We found that the predicted BCG high-affinity peptides could be directly loaded onto the surface of tumor cells, enhancing the tumor-killing efficacy of PBMCs from PPD-positive volunteer.