The Significant Impact of Biomass Burning Emitted Particles on Typical Haze Pollution in Changsha, China.

In this study, typical haze pollution influenced by biomass burning (BB) activities in Changsha in the autumn of 2024 was investigated through the mixing state and evolution process of BB particles via the real-time measurement of single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS). From the clean period to the haze period, the PM concentration increased from 25 μg·m at 12:00 to 273 μg·m at 21:00 on 12 October, and the proportion of total BB single particles in the total detected particles increased from 17.2% to 54%.

Characterization and transcriptomic analysis provide novel insights into the sexual differentiation of the dioecious plant Bama Huoma (Cannabis sativa).

Background: Bama Huoma is a high-value cash crop because its seeds are known as the "holy seeds of longevity". However, its seed yield is restricted by dioecism, and information about flower sex differentiation in this plant is lacking.

Results: In this study, anatomical analysis and dynamic transcriptome profiling were performed to explore the mechanism of sex differentiation in Bama Huoma.

Evidence-based summary of the prevention and management of constipation in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: To summarize the best evidence for preventing and managing constipation in Parkinson's disease (PD) and provide practical guidance for healthcare professionals.

Methods: Guided by the "6S" model, a comprehensive, top-down search of relevant literature was conducted. The search included ten clinical guideline repositories, six professional association websites, and seven academic literature databases.

Primary liver cancer burden and its association with health development in the Western Pacific, 1990-2021.

Background: Liver cancer (LC) is a major public health challenge in the Western Pacific Region (WPR), characterized by etiological diversity and increasing burden from both infectious and noninfectious causes. This study aimed to assess the burden of primary LC and its association with health system development indicators across the WPR from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, covering 31 countries and territories in the WPR.

Tandem neural networks for designing nanoplasmonic structures to manipulate quantum dynamics.

In the cutting-edge field of quantum nanophotonics, embedding quantum emitters (QEs) into nanostructures goes beyond the conventional exploration of light-structure interactions. The ability to optimize the local density of states (LDOS) through the design of nanophotonic structures for quantum manipulation is a significant area of research. Traditional inverse design methods are inefficient when dealing with complex structures and multiparameter optimizations, and there are issues such as the design non-uniqueness of the designed structures.

Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5,021 hospitalized pediatric patients presenting with acute respiratory tract infections utilizing targeted next-generation sequencing.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the infection status and clinical manifestations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections.

Engineered cyclodextrin-protein domain interface modulation and application in nanoscale delivery systems development for therapeutic proteins.

With the development of molecular biology and pharmacology, proteins have been considered essential therapeutic agents that directly or indirectly participate in disease treatment. However, protein-based formulations face significant drawbacks, including low storage stability, rapid metabolism in vivo, and limited organ-selective delivery. Moreover, the internal protein also participated in drug transportation and cellular endocytosis.

[The study on effect of EIF3B in laryngeal carcinoma].

To investigate the expression of EIF3B and its role in the development of laryngeal carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry, cell culture, cell transfection, qRT-PCR, Western Blot and other techniques were used to determine the expression difference of EIF3B in laryngeal cancer and adjacent tissues, and analyze the relationship between EIF3B and the size and TNM stage of laryngeal cancer. By constructing a laryngeal carcinoma cell model with EIF3B knocked down, the cell function was studied, and the regulatory effect of EIF3B on laryngeal carcinoma cells was proved in vitro.

Causal effects of primary aldosteronism on inflammation and bone density: evidence from Mendelian randomization, animal, and clinical studies.

Background: Studies on the pro-inflammatory effects of primary aldosteronism (PA) in humans have largely relied on measurements of circulating inflammatory biomarkers and are mostly observational in nature, making it difficult to establish a causal relationship between PA and inflammatory responses. In addition, the association between PA and bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial and warrants further investigation.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the causal effects of PA on circulating inflammatory proteins and bone mineral density.

Ottawa ankle and foot rules in China: applicability in a defensive environment.

Background: The introduction of any new diagnostic method in a specific clinical setting and culture requires considerable caution, as sensitivity and specificity may be significantly affected. Whether the Ottawa ankle and foot rules (OAFR) are feasible in the Chinese environment is controversial. This study gauges attitudes and calculates the sensitivity and specificity of OAFR in mainland China.

Spatiotemporally Resolved Imaging of Adenosine in the Mouse Brain Links Depression and Inflammation.

Depression disrupts central nervous system function and may further elevate the risk of systemic diseases by triggering inflammatory responses. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its role in driving inflammation remain elusive. Adenosine (Ado), a critical molecule in depression, exhibits abnormal concentration changes that are closely associated with neuroinflammation.

Dual-response fluorescent carbon dots for Ag and Hg detection study in actual samples and biological systems.

It is important to be capable of achieving highly selective detection of Ag and Hg because their excessive concentrations may pose a serious threat to human health and lead to a variety of diseases. Herein, a new type of orange fluorescent carbon dot with an emission wavelength of 590 nm was synthesized by a hydrothermal method using 1,2,4-triaminobenzene dihydrochloride and ethylenediamine as raw materials. The synthesized orange carbon dots have high affinity for Hg and Ag ions, which can be selectively detected by fluorescence quenching with the detection limits of 0.

Molecular testing, treatment patterns, and outcomes in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: the PISCES study.

Background: This study investigated molecular testing, treatment patterns, and prognosis in Chinese patients who progressed from first-line (1 L), epidermal growth factor receptor -tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) therapy, highlighting limited real-world data on clinical practice.

Methods: Consecutive eligible patients were prospectively enrolled in 16-centers in China. The primary endpoints were second-line (2 L) treatment patterns and clinical outcomes, including median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS) from 2 L treatment.

GPX3 promotes cisplatin resistance in TNBC by manipulating ROS-TGFB1-ZEB2.

Background: Due to the lack of effective targeted therapies and the high likelihood of acquired resistance, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the deadliest cancers affecting women globally. Investigating the mechanism underlying TNBC's resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and identifying new therapeutic targets are urgent priorities.

Methods: The expression level of GPX3, cisplatin sensitivity, and ROS production were compared across three TNBC cell lines to elucidate the relationship between GPX3 and platinum resistance.

Targeted degradation of sICOSL reverses cytotoxic T cells dysfunction.

Dysfunction of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) remains a major cause of tumor immune evasion and is correlated with poor cancer survival. Here, we found that increased soluble form of ICOSL (sICOSL) induced CTL dysfunction and was associated with shorter survival of patients with breast cancer. sICOSL emerged as a formidable adversary to CTLs, by directly triggering ICOS internalization and subsequent degradation-a critical blow to the co-stimulatory machinery essential for CTL activation.

Eosinopenia predicts poor outcomes in patients with lung cancer with the omicron variant of COVID-19.

Background: Lung cancer is among the malignancies most vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eosinophils have anti-tumor and antiviral effects. Since November 2021, the omicron variant of COVID-19 has become a topic of concern; however, the impact of eosinophils on the severity and outcomes of patients with lung cancer with omicron remains uncertain.

Next-generation optical sensing: mesoporous hollow-shell nanostructured one-dimensional photonic crystal sensors for sCD40L detection in acute coronary syndrome.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a group of clinical symptoms resulting from acute ischemia of the coronary arteries. Studies have shown that the level of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) is significantly elevated in patients with ACS, making it a novel target for cardiovascular disease treatment. In response, this study proposes an optical sensor based on a modified single-crystal silicon substrate.

Blocking IL-6 down-regulates PD-L1 expression and mitigates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal lung disease. Owing to its unknown pathogenesis, treatment options are limited. Interleukin (IL)-6, a multifunctional cytokine, is overexpressed in pulmonary fibrosis and may contribute to its development through multiple pathways, mainly the signal transduction and transcriptional activator 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway.

EIF3B stabilizes MAP2K2 to activate the ERK pathway and promote the progression of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

To elucidate the role of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B (EIF3B) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) progression and its regulatory mechanism. Integrated bioinformatics analysis (GEO, TCGA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), lentiviral-mediated gene knockdown/overexpression, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), Western blotting (WB), and in vivo xenograft models were employed. Clinically, our findings revealed an upregulation of EIF3B expression in LSCC, with its abnormally high levels significantly correlating with poor survival outcomes among patients.

High co-infection burden and ICU-specific pathogen profiles in pediatric Candida albicans respiratory infections: a large-scale tNGS analysis.

Background: Candida albicans is a significant opportunistic pathogen in pediatric respiratory infections, yet systematic analyses of its role in hospitalized children remain scarce. This study evaluates the prevalence, clinical profiles, and outcomes of C. albicans-associated respiratory infections in this population.

Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 2 infection in 5 African elephants (Loxodonta africana) at multiple North American zoological institutions.

Objective: To acknowledge that elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) is a well-recognized major threat to Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and can cause acute and often fatal hemorrhagic disease (HD). Historically, EEHV-HD has been less frequently identified in African elephants (Loxodonta africana). This case series describes 5 recent cases of EEHV2 infection in African elephants within managed care at 5 North American institutions.

A disinhibitory microcircuit in the temporal association cortex for fear retrieval to pure tones.

Fear retrieval is fundamental for animals to rapidly enter a self-defense state, which enhances their survival rate. Although the cellular mechanisms and neural circuits underlying fear retrieval have been relatively well studied, particularly in classic fear-related nuclei such as the amygdala, the neural circuits and intrinsic microcircuits of some non-classical fear-related nuclei remain poorly understood. A disinhibitory microcircuit in the temporal association cortex (TeA) was identified in this study, demonstrating a critical role in fear retrieval.

Available medium and micronutrients in the soils of major citrus-producing areas in Southeast China.

Globally, medium and micronutrients deficiency is a key concern affecting soil fertility, plant productivity, and human health. However, few studies have been undertaken to investigate the spatial distribution of medium and micronutrients availability at large spatial scales in citrus soils and to explore the corresponding impact of influencing factors at global and regional dimensions. Here, this study investigated the status, geospatial variation, and influencing factors of bioavailable medium and micronutrients, including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo) in 503 citrus orchards across major citrus-growing in Southeast China (Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong Provinces).

A bifunctional LaF doping strategy achieving coupled bulk and interfacial reconstruction for Ni-rich cathodes.

A one-step LaF doping strategy achieves La-rich bulk and F-rich surface modification in Ni-rich cathodes. La incorporation enhances lattice rigidity and suppresses irreversible phase transition. Surface-enriched F forms a stable LiF layer, reducing side reactions.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter migration to the pulmonary artery: A rare case report.

Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts are commonly used to treat hydrocephalus by diverting cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricles to the peritoneal cavity. Migration of the VP shunt into the heart and pulmonary artery is a rare complication. Herein, we described a 67-year-old man with a VP shunt catheter that migrated through the venous system into the pulmonary circulation, highlighting early diagnosis with imaging and symptoms.