Protective effects of inactivated SPIV vaccine in sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicas) by intraperitoneal injection and immersion immunization.

Sea perch is one of the most important fish species farmed in China. However, the frequent outbreak of viral diseases induced by sea perch iridovirus (SPIV) always caused high mortality and heavy economic losses in sea perch aquaculture. Up to now, no effective countermeasures against SPIV infection have been established.

Optimizing lignocellulose conversion: A comparative study of alkali-assisted ball milling pretreatment of cotton stalk and corn stover.

Cotton stalk (CTS) and corn stover (CRS) were pretreated using solid alkali (NaOH or Ca(OH)) assisted ball milling (BM). The physicochemical properties of the pretreated materials and their high-solid enzymatic hydrolysis performance were systematically investigated. The interaction between alkali and straw was synergistically enhanced by mechanical force generated during BM, achieving effective lignin removal.

Analysis of egg consumption trends: Gen Z egg consumption preferences and the classification of pink-shell eggs in China.

Analyzing consumers' preferences and perceptions of eggs can provide data support for the egg industry to produce products that better meet consumer preferences. The study evaluated consumers' egg consumption preferences based on an online survey from 2022 to 2024 of 3,434 consumers of different ages. The results showed that Generation Z (Gen Z), referred to the people born after 1997, was more concerned about the topic of eggs and was willing to purchase eggs through e-commerce platforms.

Optimizing multi-system coupling to mitigate carbon emissions in agrifood systems at county level in China.

The growing demand for food has led to overuse of land, exacerbating the environmental sustainability of agrifood systems. Insufficient coordination and coupling within agrifood systems (soil-crop-animal-food consumption) reduce material cycle efficiency and limit the system's carbon reduction potential. Given the lack of global research on the impact of system coupling on carbon reduction, the value of regional practice cases is particularly evident.

Evidence for vertical transmission of avian reovirus in chickens.

Avian reovirus (ARV) has emerged as a highly prevalent pathogen in Chinese poultry, characterized by its high mutation rate, environmental resilience, and dual vertical-horizontal transmission routes, leading to rising chick morbidity and substantial economic losses. To evaluate vertical transmission, 945 dead embryos and 58 weak chicks from a Guangdong hatchery between January 2023 and December 2024 were tested, yielding a 9.6 % (96/1003) ARV positivity rate.

An oomycete effector targets host calmodulin to suppress plant immunity.

Tropical and subtropical fruit trees face serious threats of oomycete-caused plant diseases. However, the molecular mechanism by which oomycete pathogens suppress the immunity of these fruit trees remains largely unclear. Effectors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of plant pathogenic oomycetes.

Education Narrows Gender Disparities in Cognitive Function in China: Evidence From a Cross-Cohort Comparison Study.

ObjectivesThis study examines how education has shaped gender disparities in cognitive function across birth cohorts in China, where gender equality in education has substantially improved.MethodUsing longitudinal data from individuals aged 55+ in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997-2015), we first applied within-between random effects models to assess whether gender disparities in cognitive function at the sample's mean age of 65.5 varied across birth cohorts.

Phytochrome B stabilizes the KNOX transcription factor BP/KNAT1 to promote light-initiated seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Seed germination is a critical step in the life cycle of plants. The far-red/red light photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) plays a dominant role in promoting seed germination, mainly by modulating the metabolism of gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA), although the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP)/KNAT1, a KNOX transcription factor that acted downstream of phyB and activated light-initiated seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana.

A multi-tissue single-cell expression atlas in cattle.

Systematic characterization of the molecular states of cells in livestock tissues is essential for understanding the cellular and genetic mechanisms underlying economically and ecologically important physiological traits. Here, as part of the Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) project, we describe a comprehensive reference map including 1,793,854 cells from 59 bovine tissues in calves and adult cattle, spanning both sexes, which reveals intra-tissue and inter-tissue cellular heterogeneity in gene expression, transcription factor regulation and intercellular communication. Integrative analysis with genetic variants that underpin bovine monogenic and complex traits uncovers cell types of relevance, such as spermatocytes, responsible for sperm motility and excitatory neurons for milk fat yield.

A novel extracellular mannan from Bacillus velezensis ameliorates metabolic-associated fatty liver disease by modulating gut microbiota in mice model.

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a globally recognized chronic metabolic disorder characterized by lipid metabolism abnormalities. Accumulating evidence indicates that exopolysaccharides (EPS) could modulate the gut microbiota structure and function to prevent and treat MAFLD. Herein, a novel EPS designated BVP1 was isolated from Bacillus velezensis CGMCC 24752.

Arabinogalactan polysaccharides derived from sacha inchi shells alleviate angiotensin II-induced endothelial cell dysfunction.

Sacha inchi shell extract (SISE), whose main active substance is a polysaccharide, has been reported to have hypotensive effects. Consequently, a novel acidic arabinogalactan, termed SISP, was isolated from SISE, and its efficacy in protecting vascular endothelial cells was investigated. SISP had a molecular weight of 57.

Maternal polystyrene nanoplastics suppress zebrafish offspring development and locomotion through mitochondrial dysfunction.

Plastic pollution is ubiquitous in aquatic ecosystem, posing growing threats to ecosystem health. Maternal transfer of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) is known to impair offspring development, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms driving these transgenerational effects remain poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which maternal PS-NPs exposure disrupts embryonic development and locomotion in zebrafish offspring, with a specific focus on mitochondrial dysfunction.

A base editor facilitates simultaneous purine and pyrimidine substitutions for ex vivo and in vivo mutagenesis screens.

Genetic mutations are closely linked to human diseases, yet the relationship between many mutations and their corresponding phenotypes remains poorly understood. Furthermore, tools to study the connection between nucleotide variations and phenotypes are limited. To address this issue, we developed ACGBEmax by fusing the dual-functional deaminase, engineered N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase, and evolved SOS response associated peptidase domain with nCas9(D10A).

Long-term compost fertilization enhanced soil disease suppressiveness by fostering interactions between root exudates and the rhizosphere microbiome.

A comprehensive understanding of the interplay between agricultural practices and the rhizosphere microbiome particularly the role of root exudates is essential for harnessing microbial potential in sustainable agriculture. In this study, we investigated how disease-suppressive soil alters root exudate profiles in pepper plants and how these elevated exudates influence rhizosphere microbiome assembly and modulate the antagonistic activity of Bacillus methylotrophicus 400 (BM400) against Phytophthora capsici. GC-MS analysis identified distinct compositional profiles of root exudates in the disease-suppressive soil, with marked enrichment of seven compounds.

MXene-based intelligent sensors in food safety monitoring: Synthesis strategies, on-site applications and novel insights into prospects.

MXene, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides, has attracted significant attention in food safety due to its exceptional properties that enable the design of highly efficient sensors. Consequently, a growing consensus in the scientific community highlights the critical role of comprehensive assessments in advancing MXene-based intelligent systems for on-site food quality evaluation. This review covers the advances of MXene based intelligent sensors in fundamental properties, synthesis strategies via various recognition principles and signal output modes, which encompasses multiple areas of food monitoring.

The impact of maternal dietary supplementation with lysozyme oligomer on farrowing performance and placental inflammation in sows.

This study evaluated the effects of maternal lysozyme oligomer (LYZ) supplementation on sow reproductive performance and piglet growth performance. Multiparous sows were randomly allocated to two groups: control and 0.1 % dietary LYZ.

Identification and characterization of the first G8P[1] sheep rotavirus strain in China: Genetic similarity to human rotavirus and zoonotic potential.

Rotavirus (RV) is a major cause of gastroenteritis in both humans and many mammals, including livestock. However, information regarding RV in sheep remains limited, particularly in China. This study reports the first isolation and characterization of the G8-P[1]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A11-N2-T6-E2-H3 type sheep RV strain (GS13) in China.

Reshaping epigenomic landscapes facilitated bread wheat speciation.

Polyploidization is a driving force of wheat (Triticum aestivum) evolution and speciation, yet its impact on epigenetic regulation and gene expression remains unclear. Here, we constructed a high-resolution epigenetic landscape across leaves, spikes, and roots of hexaploid wheat and its tetraploid and diploid relatives. Inter-species stably expressed genes exhibited conserved amino acid sequences under strong purifying selection, while dynamically expressed genes were linked to species-specific adaptation.

Phosphorylation-dependent activation of MAP4K1/2 by OST1 mediates ABA-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis.

In higher plants, stomatal movements represent a critical physiological process that matains cellular water homestasis while enabling photosynthetic gas exchange. Open stomata 1 (OST1), a key protein kinase in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling cascade, has been established as a central regulator of stomatal dynamics. This study reveals that two highly conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAP4K1) and MAP4K2 are positive regulators in ABA promoted stomatal closure, and ABA-activated OST1 potentiates MAP4K1/2 through phosphorylation at conserved serine and threonine residues (S166, T170, and S479/S488).

Tissue-specific endophytic microbiome responses to " Liberibacter asiaticus" in two citrus cultivars.

Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas), is a destructive disease threatening global citrus industry. Although citrus cultivars differ in HLB sensitivity, how infection alters endophytic bacterial communities in cultivars with contrasting susceptibility remains unclear. Here, we compared endophytic microbiome shifts in leaf and root tissue of HLB-susceptible Shatangju mandarin (C.

Yolk extract-derived vitellogenin 2 ameliorates muscle atrophy in mice the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Eggs play an important role in skeletal muscle development, but their active components are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of yolk extract-derived vitellogenin 2 on dexamethasone (DEX)- and cancer cachexia (CC)-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. We used iTRAQ to detect the changes in protein expression between fertilized egg yolk extract (FEYE) and unfertilized egg yolk extract (UEYE).

Sesame cake fertilizer improves tobacco aroma quality by boosting root growth and leaf aroma precursor formation.

Weak flavor in flue-cured tobacco compromises quality, making aroma enhancement crucial. Sesame cake fertilizer (SF) has the potential for improving tobacco aroma, but its effects on aroma components and mechanism remain unclear. Here, a four-year field experiment was conducted in Southern tobacco region of China to compare SF with conventional fertilization (CK).

Thiosulfonates Based on Prothioconazole for Enhancing Antifungal Activity and Mitigating Phytotoxicity in Plant Pathogen Management.

Prothioconazole (Prot) has been widely used for over two decades in controlling cereal diseases. However, the continuous emergence of resistance in plant pathogens has necessitated the development of novel fungicides. Thiosulfonate compounds have great application prospects due to their unique structural features and multisite activity.

RING-Between-RING-Type E3 Ligase Ariadne-Like Protein 8 Negatively Regulates Plant Virus Infection by Targeting a Viral Movement Protein.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is a highly conserved machinery that plays a crucial role in plant defense against viruses. However, the number of E3 ligases targeting viral proteins remains limited. Although RING-between-RING (RBR)-type E3 ligases are evolutionarily conserved across organisms, their functions in plant responses to biotic stress remain largely unknown.