Education Narrows Gender Disparities in Cognitive Function in China: Evidence From a Cross-Cohort Comparison Study.

ObjectivesThis study examines how education has shaped gender disparities in cognitive function across birth cohorts in China, where gender equality in education has substantially improved.MethodUsing longitudinal data from individuals aged 55+ in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997-2015), we first applied within-between random effects models to assess whether gender disparities in cognitive function at the sample's mean age of 65.5 varied across birth cohorts.

Maternal outcomes among pregnant women with shunt-related congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective study.

Background: Studies on pregnant women with shunt-related congenital heart disease (CHD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) are scarce and limited by small sample sizes. This study aimed to describe the outcomes of pregnant women.

Methods: Outcomes of pregnant women with shunt-related CHD-associated PH were retrospectively evaluated from 2010 to 2020.

Improved YOLOv8-seg for laryngeal structure recognition in medical images.

Objectives: Tracheal intubation is a routine procedure in clinical surgeries and emergency situations, essential for maintaining respiration and ensuring airway patency. Due to the complexity of laryngeal structures and the need for rapid airway management in critically ill patients, real-time, accurate identification of key laryngeal structures is crucial for successful intubation. This study presents a real-time laryngeal structure recognition method based on an improved YOLOv8-seg model.

A segmentation network based on CNNs for identifying laryngeal structures in video laryngoscope images.

Video laryngoscopes have become increasingly vital in tracheal intubation, providing clear imaging that significantly improves success rates, especially for less experienced clinicians. However, accurate recognition of laryngeal structures remains challenging, which is critical for successful first-attempt intubation in emergency situations. This paper presents MPE-UNet, a deep learning model designed for precise segmentation of laryngeal structures from video laryngoscope images, aiming to assist clinicians in performing tracheal intubation more accurately and efficiently.

The sentinels of coronary artery disease: heterogeneous monocytes.

Monocytes are heterogeneous immune cells that play a crucial role in the inflammatory response during atherosclerosis, influencing the progression and outcome of the disease. In the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), monocytes not only serve as the initial sensors of endogenous and exogenous pathogenic factors, but also function as intermediators that bridge the circulatory system and localized lesions. In the bloodstream, heterogeneous monocytes, acting as sentinels, are rapidly recruited to atherosclerotic lesions, where they exhibit a heightened capacity to respond to various pathological stimuli upon detecting signals from damaged vascular endothelial cells.

Innate immune cells in vascular lesions: mechanism and significance of diversified immune regulation.

Angiogenesis is a complex physiological process. In recent years, the immune regulation of angiogenesis has received increasing attention, and innate immune cells, which are centred on macrophages, are thought to play important roles in vascular neogenesis and development. Various innate immune cells can act on the vasculature through a variety of mechanisms, with commonalities as well as differences and synergistic effects, which are crucial for the progression of vascular lesions.

Socioeconomic inequalities in depression and the role of job conditions in China.

Background: The rising prevalence of depression in China, coupled with a tightening job market, highlights concern for the workforce's mental health. Although socioeconomic inequalities in depression have been well documented in high-income countries, the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and depression, along with its work-related mediators, has not been sufficiently studied in China.

Methods: The study participants are 6,536 non-agriculturally employed working adults from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS).

Wearable Sensors Based on Miniaturized High-Performance Hybrid Nanogenerator for Medical Health Monitoring.

Wearable sensors are important components, converting mechanical vibration energy into electrical signals or other forms of output, which are widely used in healthcare, disaster warning, and transportation. However, the reliance on batteries limits the portability of wearable sensors and hinders their application in the field of Internet of Things. To solve this problem, we designed a miniaturized high-performance hybrid nanogenerator (MHP-HNG), which combined the functions of triboelectric sensing and electromagnetic power generation as well as the advantages of miniaturization.

[Consumption status and growth trends of dairy products among children and adolescents in China from 1991 to 2018].

Objective: To explore the dairy consumption among children and adolescents aged 7-17 in China.

Methods: 10 rounds of follow-up data from the "China Health and Nutrition Survey" from 1991 to 2018 were collected, and individuals aged 7-17 were selected as the study subjects. Dietary data was collected by using 3-day 24-hour dietary review method and household weighing accounting method(edible oils and seasonings).

SIRT3 and RORα are two prospective targets against mitophagy during simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury in H9c2 cells.

Autophagy during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) exacerbates cardiomyocyte injury. Melatonin (Mel) alleviates myocardial damage by regulating mitochondrial function and mitophagy, but the role of mitophagy in melatonin-induced cardioprotection remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the roles of sirtuin3 (SIRT3) and retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor-α (RORα) in mitophagy during simulated ischemia reperfusion (SIR) in H9c2 cells.

Survival and neurological function in patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and therapeutic hypothermia: a protocol for updating a systematic review.

Introduction: The widespread application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has enhanced clinical outcomes for patients experiencing cardiac arrest. However, its effectiveness is still limited and falls short of the desired level. Therapeutic hypothermia, which maintains body temperatures between 32°C and 36°C in cardiac arrest patients treated with ECMO, has been proposed as a potential means of neuroprotection and increased survival rates.

Handling the Challenges of Small-Scale Labeled Data and Class Imbalances in Classifying the N and K Statuses of Rubber Leaves Using Hyperspectroscopy Techniques.

The nutritional status of rubber trees () is inseparable from the production of natural rubber. Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) levels in rubber leaves are 2 crucial criteria that reflect the nutritional status of the rubber tree. Advanced hyperspectral technology can evaluate N and K statuses in leaves rapidly.

Melatonin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting excessive mitophagy through the Apelin/SIRT3 signaling axis.

Excessive or uncontrolled mitophagy may result in a drastic shortage of healthy mitochondrial for ATP supply after reperfusion, leading to irreversible myocardial damage. Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, has been proven to ameliorate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury via regulating mitophagy. However, its underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated.

Advances in the study of the effects of gut microflora on microglia in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system (CNS) degenerative disorder, is caused by various factors including β-amyloid toxicity, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, oxidative stress, and others. The dysfunction of microglia has been associated with the onset and advancement of different neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD. The gut of mammals harbors a vast and complex population of microorganisms, commonly referred to as the microbiota.

SMYD3 activates the TCA cycle to promote M1-M2 conversion in macrophages.

Background: SMYD3 refers to a histone lysine methyltransferase from the SMYD family, which acts as a gene transcriptional regulator chiefly through catalysis of the histone subunit 3 at lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). Great progress has been made that epigenetic modification plays a pivotal role in regulating macrophage polarization. However, the effects of the histone lysine methyltransferase SMYD3 on macrophage polarization and phenotypic switching are unclear.

The risk factors of postoperative hypoxemia in patients with Stanford type A acute aortic dissection.

Hypoxemia is one of the most common complications in patients after Stanford type A acute aortic dissection surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of circulating ANG II level with postoperative hypoxemia and to identify the risk factors for postoperative hypoxemia in Stanford type A acute aortic dissection patients. In this study, 88 patients who underwent Stanford type A acute aortic dissection surgery were enrolled.

Gender Disparities in Blood Pressure and the Role of Body Mass Index: A Birth Cohort Analysis in China.

Background: The slow decline in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and the stagnant or increasing hypertension prevalence in low- and middle-income countries necessitate investigation. Evolving gender disparities suggested that male cardiovascular health disadvantage may be preventable, offering potential for enhancing population cardiovascular health. Despite global body mass index (BMI) increases, its role in shaping the gender disparities remains underexplored.

Human expansion into Asian highlands in the 21st Century and its effects.

Most intensive human activities occur in lowlands. However, sporadic reports indicate that human activities are expanding in some Asian highlands. Here we investigate the expansions of human activities in highlands and their effects over Asia from 2000 to 2020 by combining earth observation data and socioeconomic data.

Mitochondrial quality control in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury: new insights into mechanisms and implications.

The current effective method for the treatment of myocardial infarction is timely restoration of the blood supply to the ischemic area of the heart. Although reperfusion is essential for reestablishing oxygen and nutrient supplies, it often leads to additional myocardial damage, creating an important clinical dilemma. Reports from long-term studies have confirmed that mitochondrial damage is the critical mechanism in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Urbanization and systolic/diastolic blood pressure from a gender perspective: Separating longitudinal from cross-sectional association.

There has been a generally negative view of the impact of urbanization on a rising burden of non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular disease. However, the evidence on the relationship between urbanization and cardiovascular health has remained inconclusive. A comprehensive picture of the relationship is lacking, given an implicit assumption that the longitudinal association between changes in cardiovascular health and an increasingly urbanized environment is similar between less and more urbanized communities, men and women.

The Gender Gap in Life Expectancy in Urban and Rural China, 2013-2018.

Background: Gender differences in mortality are embedded within mortality transitions. Rural residents generally lag behind their urban counterparts in the transitions. The study objective is to identify major causes of death that drive gender differences in mortality in urban and rural China.

[Spatiotemporal variations in the association of community urbanization levels with obesity incidence among Chinese adults in nine provinces].

Objective: To explore whether the association of community urbanization levels with overweight incidence changes over time and varies by region.

Methods: The data is from the China Health and Nutrition Survey(1991-2015). The survey applied a multistage, random cluster design to draw samples.

Melatonin and regulation of autophagy: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

Mitochondria are essential subcellular units that generate basic energy for the cell, as well as influence Ca flux, apoptosis, and cell signaling. Mitophagy can selectively remove impaired mitochondria to preserve mitochondrial function, which is crucial for normal cellular maintenance. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy are widely reported to be linked to various pathogeneses.

Melatonin Attenuates Anoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Inhibiting Excessive Mitophagy Through the MT2/SIRT3/FoxO3a Signaling Pathway in H9c2 Cells.

Purpose: Autophagy caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) increases the extent of cardiomyocyte damage. Melatonin (Mel) diminishes cardiac injury through regulating autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. However, illustrating the specific role of mitophagy in the cardioprotective effects of melatonin remains a challenge.