Evidence for vertical transmission of avian reovirus in chickens.

Avian reovirus (ARV) has emerged as a highly prevalent pathogen in Chinese poultry, characterized by its high mutation rate, environmental resilience, and dual vertical-horizontal transmission routes, leading to rising chick morbidity and substantial economic losses. To evaluate vertical transmission, 945 dead embryos and 58 weak chicks from a Guangdong hatchery between January 2023 and December 2024 were tested, yielding a 9.6 % (96/1003) ARV positivity rate.

Inhalable Nanovaccine Based on Bioengineered Bacteria-Derived Membrane Vesicles Against Lung Metastasis.

Lung metastases pose a challenge in cancer treatment due to the lung's vascular network and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Conventional subcutaneous vaccines typically fail to elicit localized immune responses at metastatic sites. To address this, an inhalable nanovaccine, BMVax (bacterial membrane-based vaccine), is developed using bacterial membrane vesicles from engineered E.

CAD hijacks STING to impair antitumor immunity and radiotherapy efficacy of colorectal cancer.

Radiotherapy (RT)-elicited antitumor immunity serves as a pivotal mechanism in RT-mediated tumor control. The strategic integration of RT with immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), is revolutionizing cancer therapeutics, demonstrating remarkable clinical potential. In this context, identifying molecular targets to potentiate radioimmunotherapy (RIT) efficacy represents a critical research priority.

Glycan shielding enables TCR-sufficient allogeneic CAR-T therapy.

Despite the success of autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, achieving persistence and avoiding rejection in allogeneic settings remains challenging. We showed that signal peptide peptidase-like 3 (SPPL3) deletion enabled glycan-mediated immune evasion in primary T cells. SPPL3 deletion modified glycan profiles on T cells, restricted ligand accessibility, and reduced allogeneic immunity without compromising the functionality of anti-CD19 CAR molecules.

ODR1, the key seed dormancy and germination regulator, promotes seed Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis via interaction with TTG1 and modulation of MBW complex activity.

Seed dormancy and germination are crucial for both plant survival and reproduction and for crop sowing and harvesting. Proanthocyanidins (PAs), one of the most abundant seed metabolites, play a role in enhancing dormancy and inhibiting germination. Multiple regulatory factors involved in PAs biosynthesis can alter seed dormancy or germination capacity.

The evolutionary dynamics of organellar pan-genomes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Background: In plants, comparative analyses of organellar genomes are often based on draft assemblies. Large-scale investigations into the complex structural rearrangements of mitochondrial genomes remain scarce.

Results: Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the dominant conformations and dynamic heteroplasmic variants of organellar genomes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, utilizing high-quality long-read assemblies validated at high resolution from 149 samples.

ED and ED of hypobaric ropivacaine during unilateral spinal anesthesia in older patients undergoing hip replacement surgery.

Objective: The spinal block was limited to the operative side during unilateral spinal anesthesia, which has less physiological interference and fewer complications for the patient. The optimal dose of ropivacaine for unilateral spinal anesthesia is still unclear. The aim of this trial was to investigate the ED and ED of hypobaric ropivacaine during unilateral spinal anesthesia in older patients undergoing hip arthroplasty.

Comparative genomics uncovers organellar genome structural divergence in Caryophyllales and reveals widespread non-coding transcription in Bougainvillea glabra organellar.

Unlabelled: Plant organellar genomes play a crucial role in metabolism and adaptation. In this study, the organellar genomes and transcriptome of (Nyctaginaceae) were sequenced and assembled using PacBio sequencing and strand-specific RNA sequencing, respectively. Structural and evolutionary comparisons of the plastidial and mitochondrial genomes (plastome and mitogenome) were conducted among and five other taxa within Caryophyllales to elucidate the similarities and divergences between these two organellar genomes at a detailed level.

3D-Printed Bioinspired Meta-Structural Perovskite Catalysts for Dry Reforming of CH and CO.

Conventional packed-bed catalysts suffer from single-scale porosity, insufficient mechanical strength, and suboptimal mass transfer efficiency. Inspired by the fractal structure of the lung bronchi, a design and 3D printing method for gradient meta-structural catalysts is proposed by integrating synthesized LaFeNiO (LFN) perovskite with pseudo-boehmite, achieving ultralow pressure drop and high catalytic efficiency. Computational fluid dynamics and reaction simulations guide the design of uniform and gradient-structured catalysts with hierarchical woodpile channels (0.

Responses of Fish Zeta Diversity (ζ) to Human Pressure and Cumulative Effects: A Feasibility Study of Fishing Ban Measures in the Pearl River Basin, China.

Amid declining fish diversity and human pressures in freshwater ecosystems, robust basin-scale assessments are vital for effective fisheries management. This study collated nearly four decades of fishery yields from the Pearl and Yangtze Rivers to identify conservation priorities in the Pearl River Basin. It introduced a novel cumulative effect indicator based on zeta diversity-a biodiversity pattern metric-integrated with cumulative effects analysis for management decision-making.

A hydrophobized metal-organic framework as a protection shell to stabilize CdS quantum dots for sunlight-driven aerobic oxidation.

A hydrophobized metal-organic framework (MOF) of MIL-101(Cr) (M101) was elaborately constructed to encapsulate CdS quantum dots (QDs). The customized hydrophobic MOF shell shielded the CdS QDs from exposure to moisture, and simultaneously quenched the holes of CdS through Z-scheme charge transfer, thus inhibiting CdS photocorrosion for efficient sunlight-driven aerobic oxidation.

Intelligent Optimization Control of Plate Plan-View Pattern Based on Intermediate Slab Pattern Vision Inspection and BWO-DNN Algorithm.

In the production process of plate, the main factors affecting the yield of plate are the crop-cutting and edge losses. It is very important to accurately predict the crop pattern of plates and effectively control the plan-view pattern. In this paper, a detection scheme is proposed to obtain the plan-view pattern of the intermediate slab and finished plate by placing detection devices after the roughing mill and finishing mill, respectively.

CD2 augmentation enhances CAR-T-cell efficacy via immunological synapse remodeling and T-cell exhaustion mitigation.

CAR-T-cell therapy has made significant strides in treating hematological malignancies, yet its efficacy is often hampered by suboptimal T-cell functionality, marked by weak antitumor capabilities and a lack of durability. The immunological synapse, a key determinant of T-cell function, is influenced by the CD58-CD2 axis. The dynamic regulation of CD2 expression on T cells impacts the quality of CAR-mediated immunological synapses, affecting CAR-T-cell functional outcomes and differentiation.

Competent expression of effective and long-acting human α-Gal A-Fc fusion protein in the milk of transgenic mice.

Fabry disease is a rare X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by a reduction or deficiency in the activity of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). The short half-life of α-Gal A necessitates biweekly infusions, thereby imposing significant economic and physical burdens on patients and their families. In this study, a novel long-acting replacement for α-Gal A, termed α-galactosidase A-Fc (α-Gal A-Fc), was designed.

Comparison of postoperative analgesic effects of ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block and transversus abdominis plane block in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: randomized clinical trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block and transversus abdominis plane block in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic cholecystitis with gallstones were randomly allocated to ultrasound-guided T7-11 intercostal nerve block or subcostal transversus abdominis plane block (both with 40 ml 0.3% ropivacaine).

Flipping the switch on some of the slowest mutating genomes: Direct measurements of plant mitochondrial and plastid mutation rates in msh1 mutants.

Plant mitochondrial and plastid genomes have exceptionally slow rates of sequence evolution, and recent work has identified an unusual member of the MutS gene family ("plant MSH1") as being instrumental in preventing point mutations in these genomes. However, the effects of disrupting MSH1-mediated DNA repair on "germline" mutation rates have not been quantified. Here, we used Arabidopsis thaliana mutation accumulation (MA) lines to measure mutation rates in msh1 mutants and matched wild type (WT) controls.

Diploidization in a wild rice allopolyploid is both episodic and gradual.

Polyploid organisms evolve from their initial doubled genomic condition through a number of processes collectively termed diploidization, whose tempo and mode remain poorly understood mainly due to the difficulty of discriminating de novo evolution subsequent to polyploidy from variation inherited from progenitors. Here, we generated chromosome-scale genome assemblies for the wild rice allopolyploid and its two diploid progenitors, and , and employed a population genomic approach to investigate the diploidization process in at the sequence and transcriptomic level. We show that this wild rice allopolyploid originated around 0.

Experimental-simulation analysis on mechanical degradation and energy evolution characteristics of sandstone under water-rock coupling effects.

With increasing coal mining depths, water-rock interactions exacerbate the mechanical degradation of coal-rock masses and geological disaster risks. Investigating the mechanical properties and energy evolution mechanisms of water-bearing sandstone is crucial for ensuring safe mining operations. To address the existing research gap in analyzing energy evolution mechanisms of water-saturated rock masses from a macroscopic perspective and the lack of exploration into energy mechanisms at critical failure points at the mesoscale, this study employs the particle discrete element software PFC3D to establish numerical models of sandstone with varying water contents.

Spatiotemporal distribution of and the relationship with environmental factors in the Beibu Gulf.

To elucidate the influence of marine environmental factors on the distribution of , we analyzed fisheries and environmental survey data from the Beibu Gulf in April (spring) and August (autumn), 2022. We used the generalized additive model (GAM) to examine the relationship between the distribution of and marine environmental factors, both before and after the implementation of a fishing moratorium. We showed that the density of in the Beibu Gulf exhibited significant spatio-temporal variation, which concentrated in the central and northern parts of the gulf during spring and autumn, respectively.

Clinical Application and Surgical Techniques of Modified Trapezius Myocutaneous Flap in Repairing Severe Electric Injury of Head and Neck (With Video).

Background: The trapezius myocutaneous flap is currently an ideal way to repair severe electrical injuries of the head and neck. However, the tissue level damage caused by high-voltage electrical injuries is more complex, and there are many myocutaneous flap repair procedures. Improper operation will lead to postoperative loss of appearance and function, flap infection and donor site wound dehiscence and other complications.

Inhalable myofibroblast targeting nanoparticles for synergistic treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a life-threatening interstitial lung disease, characterized by excessive fibroblast activation and collagen deposition, leading to progressive pulmonary function decline and limited therapeutic efficacy. Here, the inhalable, myofibroblast-targeted, and pH-responsive liposomes (FL-NI) were developed for effective codelivery of nintedanib, a mainstream antifibrotic drug in clinic, and siIL11, a small interfering RNA that silences the key profibrosis cytokine IL-11. Notably, FL-NI achieved a 117.

Erratum: CCT8 promotes cell migration and tumor metastasis in lung adenocarcinomas: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/jca.87983.

Risk factors for the progression from pulmonary tuberculosis to spinal tuberculosis: a logistic regression analysis.

Purpose: This study aims to identify the risk factors for the progression from pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) to spinal tuberculosis (STB), which is crucial for early disease intervention, optimizing treatment strategies, and improving patient prognosis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 326 patients diagnosed with PTB between January 2017 and October 2024. Demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic data were collected, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score, diabetes, per capita income, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and a history of recurrent PTB.

C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio is associated with increased depression: An exploratory cross-sectional analysis.

Background: Depression, prevalent globally, significantly impacts psychological and physical health. As a burgeoning biomarker, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR) offers insights into metabolism-immune status and disease diagnosis. This exploratory investigation seeks to elucidate the relationship between CAR and depression.

Numerical analysis of mechanical response in bridge and pile foundations due to shield cutting of residual piles.

During shield tunneling, interactions with existing structures, such as pile foundations and bridges, are frequently encountered, leading to a growing implementation of shield cutting techniques. This study utilizes a metro tunnel project crossing under a ring expressway bridge in a city in Northeast China to develop a refined three-dimensional finite difference method (FDM) model. The 3D FDM model investigates the mechanical responses of existing pile foundations and the bridge structure due to shield cutting through residual pile foundations.