Nanogel Loaded with Leaf-Derived Exosome-like Nanovesicles and Indomethacin for the Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis.

Inflammatory arthritis (IA) is a chronic condition marked by joint dysfunction and pain, posing significant challenges for effective drug delivery. This study separated leaf-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PFE) to effectively penetrate the stratum corneum barrier. These nanovesicles and indomethacin (IND) were subsequently developed into a nanogel designed for topical drug delivery systems (PFE-IND-GEL).

Gastric Acid-Protective and Intestinal Targeted Nanogels Enable Anti-Bacterial Activity of Cefquinome.

To enhance the antibacterial activity of cefquinome (CEF) against , a Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMCNa)/D-Mannosamine hydrochloride (DMH)-based nanogels delivery system capable of protecting CEF from gastric acid degradation while enabling intestinal sustained release and targeted antibacterial enhancement was developed. Systematic research was conducted on the best formulation, physicochemical characteristics, stability, gastrointestinal fluid-responsiveness, and antibacterial activity of the optimal formulation. The results showed that the optimized CEF nanogels demonstrated an enhanced loading capacity (13.

Phase separation-based porous microneedle array for non-invasive point-of-care dermal interstitial fluid testing.

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease that significantly impacts patients' quality of life and leads to serious complications, making effective blood glucose management essential. Current methods primarily include invasive fingertip blood testing and minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring; however, the former presents psychological and infection risks, while the latter is costly and complex. Here, we report a phase separation-based porous microneedle-based analysis system, featuring a sampling module and a detection module, for point-of-care dermal interstitial fluid (DISF) glucose testing in a non-invasive, cost-effective and user-friendly manner.

Multiple Intra-Articular Injections of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Canine Osteoarthritis Treatment.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative diseases in dogs and humans, which can lead to articular cartilage deterioration, chronic pain, and decreased quality of life. The anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, analgesic, and cartilage regeneration properties of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy provide a new direction for the treatment development of OA in the future. Currently, MSC therapy lacks confirmed ideal sources, dosages, formulations, and specific characteristics.

"Rigid-Flexible" Dual-Ferrocene Chimeric Nanonetwork for Simultaneous Tumor-Targeted Tracing and Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy.

There is an urgent need to develop phototherapeutic agents with imaging capabilities to assess the treatment process and efficacy in real-time during cancer phototherapy for precision cancer therapy. The safe near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dyes have garnered significant attention and are desirable for theranostics agents. However, until now, achieving excellent photostability and fluorescence (FL) imaging capability in aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) dyes remains a big challenge.

Enhanced Cellular Delivery of Tildipirosin by Xanthan Gum-Gelatin Composite Nanogels.

Tildipirosin has no significant inhibitory effect on intracellular bacteria because of its poor membrane permeability. To this end, tildipirosin-loaded xanthan gum-gelatin composite nanogels were innovatively prepared to improve the cellular uptake efficiency. The formation of the nanogels via interactions between the positively charged gelatin and the negatively charged xanthan gum was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared.

Differential analysis of ovarian tissue between high and low-yielded laying hens in the late laying stage and the effect of LECT2 gene on follicular granulosa cells proliferation.

The ovaries of high-yield laying hens exhibited signs of aging beyond 400 days of age, subsequently resulting in a decline in both egg production and egg quality. Oxidative stress, characterized by an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stands as one of the principal processes contributing to ovarian aging. Elevated ROS levels are implicated in the induction of apoptosis in granulosa cells (GCs), provoking mitochondrial impairment, and diminishing the capacity of the antioxidant defense system.

Chrysanthemum sporopollenin: A novel vaccine delivery system for nasal mucosal immunity.

Objective: Mucosal immunization was an effective defender against pathogens. Nasal vaccines could activate both systemic and mucosal immunity to trigger protective immune responses. However, due to the weak immunogenicity of nasal vaccines and the lack of appropriate antigen carriers, very few nasal vaccines have been clinically approved for human use, which was a major barrier to the development of nasal vaccines.

Borneol-driven meningeal lymphatic drainage clears amyloid-β peptide to attenuate Alzheimer-like phenotype in mice.

The accumulation and clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The (re)discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels in recent years has focused attention on the lymphatic clearance of Aβ and has become a promising therapeutic target for such diseases. However, there is a lack of small molecular compounds that could clearly regulate meningeal lymphatic drainage to remove Aβ from the brain.

Menthol nanoliposomes enhanced anti-tumor immunotherapy by increasing lymph node homing of dendritic cell vaccines.

Menthol, a cyclic terpene alcohol, plays a critical role in overcoming the blood-brain barrier and stratum corneum barrier. Herein, we innovatively propose a menthol nanoliposome (Men-nanoLips) that can dramatically increase lymph node accumulation of the dendritic cell (DC)-based anti-tumor vaccines. Specifically, Men-nanoLips efficiently enhanced lymphatic endothelial cell (EC) barrier permeability by reducing the expression of tight junction proteins.

Ultra-high photoactive thiadiazolo[3,4-]quinoxaline nanoparticles with active-targeting capability for deep photodynamic therapy.

Improving the effective treatment depth of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an important issue to resolve for its clinical application. In this study, a new biocompatible photosensitizer (PS), namely TQs-PEG4, based on thiadiazolo[3,4-]quinoxaline (TQ) with ultra-high photoactive property is designed and synthesized. TQs-PEG4 possesses an ultra-high singlet oxygen quantum yield ( = 1.

Oxygen-Based Nanocarriers to Modulate Tumor Hypoxia for Ameliorated Anti-Tumor Therapy: Fabrications, Properties, and Future Directions.

Over the past five years, oxygen-based nanocarriers (NCs) to boost anti-tumor therapy attracted tremendous attention from basic research and clinical practice. Indeed, tumor hypoxia, caused by elevated proliferative activity and dysfunctional vasculature, is directly responsible for the less effectiveness or ineffective of many conventional therapeutic modalities. Undeniably, oxygen-generating NCs and oxygen-carrying NCs can increase oxygen concentration in the hypoxic area of tumors and have also been shown to have the ability to decrease the expression of drug efflux pumps (e.

Identification of stress-responsive transcription factors with protein-bound Escherichia coli genomic DNA libraries.

Bacteria promoters along with operators are crucial elements in the control of gene expression in microbes in response to environmental stress changes. A genome-wide promoter DNA regulatory library is in demand to be developed for a microbe reporter method to monitor the existence of any given environmental stress substance. In this study, we utilized Escherichia coli (E.

A water-soluble pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline photosensitizer for high-efficiency one- and two-photon excited bioimaging and photodynamic therapy.

A water-soluble photosensitizer, PQs-PEG5, based on a novel pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline (PQ) prototype compound (PQs-5), was designed and synthesized. It has strong linear absorption within 400-600 nm and a desirable two-photon absorption cross section (100-1290 GM) within 740-1000 nm, and it exhibits both a high fluorescence quantum yield (∼0.55) and singlet oxygen quantum yield (∼0.

Theileria ovis (Piroplasmida: Theileriidae) Detected in Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscoidea) and Ornithodoros lahorensis (Ixodida: Argasidae) Removed From Sheep in Xinjiang, China.

Theileria spp. are tick-transmitted, intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of animals and, as such, can cause significant economic losses. The aim of the present study was to detect and analyze apicomplexan parasites from two different ectoparasites that were collected from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

PEGylated gold nanorods are not cytotoxic to human endothelial cells but affect kruppel-like factor signaling pathway.

Gold (Au) nanomaterials (NMs), particularly those with PEG surface functionalization, are generally considered to be biocompatible for biomedical applications due to relatively low cytotoxicity. Herein, we investigated the toxicity of PEGylated Au nanorods (NRs) to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), a commonly used in vitro model for human endothelium. We found a previously unknown effect that up to 10 μg/mL Au NRs, albeit not cytotoxic, decreased the mRNA and protein levels of kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), a transcription factor with well-documented vasoprotective effects.

Novel mitochondrial-targeted thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline dyes as efficient photosensitizers for ultra-low dose operable photodynamic therapy.

Two novel thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (TQ) photosensitizers (PSs), TQs-3 and TQs-4, were designed and synthesized. Both of them presented ultra-high singlet oxygen quantum yields under red light irradiation. By carrying out in vitro photodynamic therapy (PDT) experiments using TQs-4 loaded nanoparticles (TQs-4 NPs) to treat three kinds of tumor cell lines: 4T1, HeLa and MCF-7 cells, it was demonstrated that TQs-4 NPs had outstanding PDT efficacies.

First report of border disease virus in Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) collected in Xinjiang, China.

Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) is a blood-sucking ectoparasite that is parasitic primarily on sheep. It is widely distributed in different geographical regions worldwide. In China, it has been mainly found in Xinjiang, Gansu, and Tibet in recent years.

Contribution of nonconsensus base pairs within ArsR binding sequences toward ArsR-DNA binding and arsenic-mediated transcriptional induction.

Background: A transcriptional reporter is the key component in bacterial biosensors which are employed to monitor the induction or repression of a reporter gene corresponding to environmental change. Interaction of a transcription factor with its consensus sequence generated by using a position weight matrix (PWM) model is crucial for its sensitivity of the reporter. However, recent studies suggest that PWM model based on independent contribution of individual consensus base pairs to protein interaction is often insufficient to explain complex regulation, such as the effect of nonconsensus sequences on the protein-DNA binding affinity.

The toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to human endothelial cells: The influence of diameters of MWCNTs.

The biological applications of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) may lead to their exposure to human blood vessels, but the influence of their physicochemical properties on toxicity to endothelial cells is incompletely known. Here, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to three commercially available MWCNTs, namely XFM4, XFM22, and XFM34 (diameters XFM4 < XFM22 < XFM34), to understand the possible role of their diameter on toxicity. Based on the same mass concentration, XFM4 induced significantly higher level of cytotoxicity than the other two MWCNTs, and HUVECs internalized more XFM4.

Palmitate enhanced the cytotoxicity of ZnO nanomaterials possibly by promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

We recently synthesized ZnO nanomaterials (denoted as ZnO nanorods [NRs] and Mini-NRs) and suggested that their cytotoxicity could be related with the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress apoptosis. However, in a complex biological microenvironment, the ER stress-apoptosis pathway could also be modulated by biological molecules, such as free fatty acids, leading to unpredicted biological effects. In this study, we investigated the combined toxicity of ZnO NRs/Mini-NRs and palmitate (PA) to THP-1 macrophages.

Molecular Identification of Bartonella melophagi and Wolbachia Supergroup F from Sheep Keds in Xinjiang, China.

To confirm that Bartonella and Wolbachia were carried by sheep keds (Melophagus ovinus) in southern Xinjiang of China, 17 M. ovinus samples, which were collected in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, were randomly selected. In this study, the Bartonella gltA and Wolbachia 16S rRNA gene were amplified through conventional PCR and the sequence of those amplified products, were analyzed.

Copy number of ArsR reporter plasmid determines its arsenite response and metal specificity.

The key component in bacteria-based biosensors is a transcriptional reporter employed to monitor induction or repression of a reporter gene corresponding to environmental change. In this study, we made a series of reporters in order to achieve highly sensitive detection of arsenite. From these reporters, two biosensors were developed by transformation of Escherichia coli DH5α with pLHPars9 and pLLPars9, consisting of either a high or low copy number plasmid, along with common elements of ArsR-luciferase fusion and addition of two binding sequences, one each from E.

Toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with or without hydrophobic surface coating to THP-1 macrophages: interactions with BSA or oleate-BSA.

It is recently shown that biological macromolecules in food could interact with nanoparticles (NPs) and consequently change the biological effects of NPs. In this study, the interactions between ZnO NPs with or without hydrophobic surface coating and bovine serum albumin (BSA) or oleate (OA) complexed to BSA (OA-BSA) were assessed. Atomic force microscope (AFM) showed topographic changes of both types of NPs by BSA or OA-BSA, which could indicate the formation of protein corona.

Cytotoxicity and ER stress-apoptosis gene expression in ZnO nanoparticle exposed THP-1 macrophages: influence of pre-incubation with BSA or palmitic acids complexed to BSA.

In a biological microenvironment, biological macromolecules could interact with nanoparticles (NPs) and consequently influence the toxicity of NPs. This study investigated the effects of BSA or palmitic acids complexed to BSA (PA-BSA) on the toxicity of ZnO NPs to THP-1 macrophages. Atomic force microscopy showed the increase of NP heights after pre-incubation with BSA or PA-BSA, but PA-BSA more effectively altered the hydrodynamic size and zeta potential of NPs.