Bio-based materials regulating interfacial behavior of multiphase systems during CO geological utilization and storage: A review.

CO₂ geological utilization and storage involve complex multiphase interfacial behaviors that significantly influence the overall efficiency. Recently, bio-based materials have attracted increasing attention as promising candidates for interfacial regulation owing to their structural diversity, abundance, and environmental compatibility. This review summarizes recent advances in utilizing biomass-derived materials to regulate interfacial behaviors in subsurface multiphase systems.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of dual-site HIV-1 inhibitors simultaneously targeting the NNRTI binding pocket and an adjacent site with favorable resistance profiles.

Given high mutation rate of HIV-1 and its impact on NNRTIs' efficacy, targeting novel binding pockets has emerged as a viable strategy to overcome the drug resistance. In this study, we designed and synthesized 26 novel "dual-site" HIV-1 inhibitors that simultaneously target two distinct sites on reverse transcriptase (RT): the classical non-nucleoside inhibitor binding pocket (NNIBP) and a newly identified NNRTIs-adjacent site (NNIAS). Antiviral evaluation demonstrated that all compounds possessed potent activity against the wild-type (WT) HIV-1 strain, with EC values ranging from 4.

Discovery of oleanolic acid derivatives that inhibit tau protein phosphorylation and neuroinflammation induced by Aβ in vitro and in vivo.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. The primary pathological features of AD are the abnormal deposition of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) protein and hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. Excessive Aβ aggregation triggers neuroinflammation.

In Silico discovery of novel androgen receptor inhibitors for prostate cancer therapy using virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations.

This study employs an integrated computational approach to identify novel androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors, a key target in prostate cancer (PC) therapy. The full-length AR structure was modeled using MODELLER v10 (template: 1GS4) and validated via Ramachandran analysis, DOPE scoring, and normal mode analysis. A ligand-based pharmacophore derived from 20 known AR inhibitors guided high-throughput virtual screening and molecular docking with AutoDock Vina.

Jiawei Yanghe Decoction augments intratumoral CD8 TIL infiltration and enhances radiotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer through CXCR3 ligand-mediated chemotaxis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Jiawei Yanghe Decoction (JWYHD)-an optimized formulation derived from the classical Chinese medicine formula Yanghe Decoction, has been clinically used to treat various autoimmune diseases, granulomatous disorders (e.g., sarcoidosis), and asthma.

Platelet-derived exosomal LINC00183 facilitate colorectal cancer malignant progression driven by histone lactylation through stabilizing ENO1.

Platelets play a critical role in tumor progression across various cancers. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms and biological roles of exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) produced from platelets in colorectal cancer (CRC). Using RNA sequencing, we identified LINC00183 as the most upregulated lncRNA in platelet-derived exosomes (PLT-Exos) from CRC patients, compared to healthy individuals.

Agave striata transcriptome reveals candidate cellulose synthase A genes involved in sisal cellulose biosynthesis.

Agave striata is a typical ornamental agave species that can be used as a wild genotype to explore the domestication of agronomic traits in A. tequilana and A. H11648.

Observing one-step melting pathway in two-dimensional hard circular particle system.

The nature of two-dimensional melting remains a matter of debate. Based on Langevin dynamics simulation, we present a surprising observation that the melting pathway of hard circular-particles/disks is relevant to the dynamical properties of particles. Using hard circular-particles/disks, where particle friction is proportional to particle size, results show the melting pathway of small size particles obeys two-step scenario, consistent with previous reports on melting behavior of hard disks.

Bufei Jiedu Formula enhances CD40 activation and macrophage polarization to eliminate intracellular MRSA persisters.

Background: Intracellular methicillin-resistant (MRSA) represents a complex infection in clinical practice, characterized by its refractory and recurrent nature, rendering it challenging to treat with conventional antibiotics. Bufei Jiedu Formula (BFJD) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound utilized for treating chronic lung infections; however, its mechanisms against intracellular MRSA infection are not yet fully understood.

Methods: An animal model with persistent MRSA infection was used to evaluate the efficacy of BFJD against chronic bacterial infections.

Beyond direct visualization: a comparative analysis of computed tomography dacryocystographic features in dacryolithiasis, lacrimal sac cysts, and primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Background: Dacryoliths occur in approximately 5.8-18% of patients undergoing dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), but conventional diagnostic methods often fail to distinguish them from other causes of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). This study aimed to analyze the characteristic features of dacryoliths on computed tomography dacryocystography (CT-DCG) and to establish imaging criteria for their differential diagnosis from lacrimal sac cysts and primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Crude Polysaccharides in UVB-Induced Acute Skin Damage.

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation drives skin photodamage, prompting exploration of natural therapeutics. This study investigated the reparative effects and mechanisms of crude polysaccharides (GP) on UVB-induced acute skin damage. GP was extracted from fresh via water extraction and alcohol precipitation.

Glioma-Associated Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Derived Exosomal miR-191 Promotes the Proneural-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Glioblastoma Cells via PTEN/PI3K/AKT Signaling.

Background: The proneural-to-mesenchymal transition (PMT) represents a crucial phenotypic transformation in glioblastoma. Glioma-associated mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (GaMSCs) play a significant role in diverse biological processes of gliomas. However, the impact of exosomes released from GaMSCs (GaMSCs-Exos) on the PMT of glioblastoma remains inadequately understood.

Trajectories of prenatal depression and their prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes based on nomograms in Mainland China-Results from a national longitudinal survey.

Background: Cross-sectional data are commonly used to explore the relationships between prenatal depression and its relevant outcomes. Longitudinal studies of the influence of prenatal depressive trajectories on pregnancy outcomes are scarce. This study used nomograms to evaluate prenatal depressive trajectories as predictors of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

CsPbBr Perovskite-Based Heterostructures in Photocatalysis: Mechanisms, Stability, and Multifunctional Performance.

CsPbBr perovskite stands out as a promising photocatalyst due to its strong visible-light absorption and advantageous band positions, yet its practical application is constrained by rapid charge recombination and poor aqueous stability. This review systematically explores how heterostructure engineering, which encompasses Type-II, Z-scheme, and S-scheme architectures, overcomes these limitations by optimizing interfacial charge dynamics and enhancing material durability. The underlying mechanisms of band alignment, charge transfer pathways, and redox potential retention in heterostructures, alongside strategies for activity modulation and stability enhancement are analyzed.

Intelligent single-cell manipulation: LLMs- and object detection-enhanced active-matrix digital microfluidics.

Single-cell analysis is crucial for deciphering cellular heterogeneity and understanding complex biological systems. However, most existing single-cell sample manipulation (SCSM) systems suffer from various drawbacks such as high cost, low throughput, and heavy reliance on human interventions. Currently, large language models (LLMs) have been used in robotic platforms, but a limited number of studies have reported the application of LLMs in the field of lab-on-a-chip automation.

GNGT1 is a potential prognostic and immunologic biomarker in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer(GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide and ranks third in terms of cancer-related mortality. Immunotherapy has shown promising outcomes and greatly extended survival in individuals with advanced stomach cancer. To improve the immunotherapy response in patients with GC, it is necessary to discover new molecular targets.

Manipulating d-orbital of Cu single atom site by coordination engineering for selective oxidation of benzene.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) enable atomic-level control over active sites, but orbital-level manipulation to steer catalytic behavior remains challenging. Here, we address this issue through d-orbital engineering of Cu SACs, achieving simultaneous control over coordination geometry (Cu-N) and high metal loading (33.2 wt%) for direct benzene-to-phenol oxidation with HO.

Identification and potential of the hyperparasite Acremonium persicinum as biocontrol agent against coffee leaf rust.

Coffee leaf rust (CLR) caused by Hemileia vastatrix, has emerged as a growing threat to coffee production in China. This study focused on the identification and characterization of the hyperparasitic fungus Acremonium persicinum using integrated plant pathology and molecular biology approaches. The spore suspension of the fungal strain HY85 exhibited a 91.

A Path-Driven Fluid Routing and Scheduling Method for Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Biochips with Delay Time Optimization.

Routing and application mapping are critical stages in the design of continuous-flow microfluidic biochips (CFMBs). The routing stage determines the channel network connecting components and ports, while application mapping schedules fluid transportation and wash operations based on the designed biochip architecture. Existing methods typically handle these stages separately: routing focuses solely on physical metrics without considering subsequent scheduling requirements, while application mapping adopts one-shot scheduling strategies that can lead to suboptimal solutions.

PEN1 catalyses RNA primer removal during plastid DNA replication in maize.

The plastid DNA (ptDNA) replication is initiated by primases, which synthesize RNA primers; following the synthesis of DNA fragments, primers must be removed before ligation. However, the enzymes and mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. Here we cloned a gene from maize that encodes a plastid-localized and Mn-dependent 5'-3' exonuclease (designated PEN1) responsible for this process.

A novel trifunctional hydrolase cleaving C-O, C-N, and C-C bonds and its widespread distribution in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria.

The extensive application of cyhalofop-butyl, an aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) herbicide, for weed control in rice fields inevitably results in environmental pollution and ecological toxicity. Microbial degradation of cyhalofop-butyl is garnering immense research attention. This study revealed that Sphingobium yanoikuyae B1 can efficiently degrade the cyhalofop-butyl, completely breaking down 30 mg/L within 12 h via ester bond hydrolysis, forming cyhalofop acid.

Cross-feeding and co-degradation within a bacterial consortium dominated by challenging-to-culture sp. HA-1 enhances sulfonamide degradation.

The use of sulfonamides (SAs) leads to residual environmental pollution. Bacteria play a crucial role in the degradation of SAs, and microbial consortium offers advantages over single bacterium. However, the complexity of the degradation processes and interaction mechanisms within such consortia remains a mystery.

Universal Theoretical Elucidation of Electrobending Deformation in Piezoelectrics.

The origin of frequently observed ultrahigh electro-induced longitudinal strain, ranging from 1% to 26%, remains an open question. While recent studies have associated this phenomenon with bending deformation, the underlying mechanisms and the pronounced thickness dependence of the nominal strain have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that the bending in piezoelectrics can be induced by a nonzero gradient of d_{31} across thickness direction.