Enhanced mixing and mass transfer of non-Newtonian fluids for DHA production via Schizochytrium sp. fermentation.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production via aerobic fermentation of Schizochytrium sp. is a green strategy, and the fermentation broth is a highly viscous, non-Newtonian fluid. In this study, the mixing and mass transfer of non-Newtonian fluids were enhanced using computational fluid dynamics combined with particle image velocimetry.

Delineating unique MASH-endothelial cells in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease using single-cell lensing.

Background: The role of hepatocytes in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is well-documented. However, the contribution of endothelial cells to MASLD pathology remains poorly understood.

Methods: In this study, we employed a multifaceted approach that integrated high-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA), interaction analysis, machine learning, immune cell infiltration assessment, and Mendelian randomization.

Glycosyltransferases for Human Milk Oligosaccharide Synthesis: From Structural Understanding to Engineering.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are vital for infant health by modulating gut microbiota and immune function. Due to challenges in natural extraction of HMOs, metabolic engineering using glycosyltransferases (GTs) offers a promising alternative. This review systematically explores GTs-mediated HMO biosynthesis, covering mechanisms, structural characterization, and protein engineering.

Design and application of an electrochemical cell for operando X-ray diffraction and absorption studies for electrocatalysts.

The development of advanced catalysts for various electrochemical reactions necessitates precise characterization of their structure and dynamic evolution. This study introduces an innovative electrochemical cell tailored for operando X-ray characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The cell features an adjustable aqueous electrolyte window to reduce X-ray signal absorption and an integrated flow system for efficient removal of gas products.

Dual-active site engineering of Co/Cu single atoms and nanoclusters on M-N-CNTs (M = Co, Cu, CoCu): Synergistic catalysis for ultrafast hydrogen production from Ammonia borane.

Progress towards a hydrogen economy depends on green and efficient ways to produce hydrogen. A promising route is the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB). To address challenges in catalyst performance and cost for AB hydrolysis, we developed a structurally tuned heterogeneous non-precious metal catalyst based on cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu).

Identify new pseudogene RPL7P1-oriented network as a drug target against infections pre-existing diabetes.

Background: Diabetes coexisting with infections (DCI) significantly increases the risk of severe outcomes and mortality in patients. This study proposes that RPL7P1, an uncharacterized pseudogene, plays a role in the pathogenesis of DCI.

Methods: Using a multifaceted approach, we employed experimental datasets from ENCODE to identify key genes.

Bufei Jiedu Formula enhances CD40 activation and macrophage polarization to eliminate intracellular MRSA persisters.

Background: Intracellular methicillin-resistant (MRSA) represents a complex infection in clinical practice, characterized by its refractory and recurrent nature, rendering it challenging to treat with conventional antibiotics. Bufei Jiedu Formula (BFJD) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound utilized for treating chronic lung infections; however, its mechanisms against intracellular MRSA infection are not yet fully understood.

Methods: An animal model with persistent MRSA infection was used to evaluate the efficacy of BFJD against chronic bacterial infections.

Structural and Functional Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of Tagatose 4-Epimerase from Archaeon.

Tagatose 4-epimerase (T4Ease) has been demonstrated as a valuable enzyme for the bioproduction of d-tagatose, a low-calorie sugar substitute with various physiological benefits. The recently identified T4Ease from archaeon (Thar-T4Ease) exhibits the highest naturally occurring C4-epimerization activity reported to date and is capable of catalyzing the interconversion of d-fructose and d-tagatose. In this study, we elucidated the high-resolution crystal structure of Thar-T4Ease and conducted a detailed investigation of its structural features.

Recent Advances on Biological Production of a Functional Low-Calorie Sugar d-Tagatose.

d-Tagatose, a rare sugar of growing interest, has attracted significant attention due to its low caloric content and associated health benefits. This review summarizes four major biological approaches for d-tagatose production. d-Tagatose can be synthesized from d-galactose either via enzymatic isomerization catalyzed by l-arabinose isomerase or through an oxidoreductive conversion pathway involving galactitol dehydrogenase and xylose reductase.

6-Shogaol Alleviates Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis via Activation of HIF-1α to Regulate Inflammatory Responses and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Purpose: 6-Shogaol (6-S) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models; however, its effects in uveitis have not been investigated. This research intends to investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of 6-S in acute uveitis.

Methods: An endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) mouse model was developed to assess the therapeutic potential of 6-S for uveitis.

2D Trimetallic Metal-Organic Framework-Based Separator for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with High Performance.

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have become one of the focuses of sustainable energy materials because of their high energy density and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, the problem of polysulfide shuttling during the battery cycle seriously affects its cycle stability, which makes its commercial application a huge challenge. Here, a polypropylene (PP) separator with a functional modification coating (FMC) composed of 2D trimetallic metal-organic frameworks (2DT-MOFs) and amino-functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT─NH) for LSBs is presented.

Trends in the disease burden of early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.

Background: In recent years, the incidence of early-onset cancers among individuals under 50 years of age has been on the rise. We aimed to analyze the disease burden and temporal trends of early-onset cancers in China, providing a basis for policymakers to develop appropriate strategies.

Methods: We utilized data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to describe the changes in early-onset cancers in China from 1990 to 2021, including incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

A Novel Drug-Disease Association Prediction Method Based on Deep Non-Negative Matrix Factorization with Local Graph Feature.

Computational drug repurposing utilizes data analysis and predictive models to identify new uses for existing drugs and new drugs, significantly improving research efficiency and reducing costs compared to traditional screening methods. Due to the limitations of current computational models in extracting deep key features, we develop a novel drug repurposing model based on the deep non-negative matrix factorization (DNMF-DDA) to enhance the accuracy of drug-disease association predictions. The model leverages similarity and known association data to extract low-rank features from complex data spaces, allowing for the prediction of potential drug-disease associations.

Treponema pallidum lipoprotein TpF1 regulates METTL14-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway to promote macrophage M2 polarization.

During Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) infection, m6A modification negatively regulates inflammatory responses in macrophages. However, whether m6A modification participates in the regulation of macrophage M2 polarization during T.

Trend analysis and future predictions of global burden of alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a study based on the global burden of disease database from 1990 to 2021.

Background: As the global aging issue grows, dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), has become a major public health challenge for everyone. This study utilizes the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to analyze trends in the epidemiology of AD and other dementias from 1990 to 2021 and to predict future burdens to 2040.

Methods: We examined global, regional, and national data on AD and other dementias, focusing on incidence, prevalence, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs).

Bioinspired nano-micron hydrogel microspheres for periodontitis therapy through synergistic multi-targeted remodeling of microenvironment.

Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease that leads to alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. It is hard to control and prone to recurrence. Current treatments often fall short due to deep, tortuous periodontal pockets and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as ().

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Lower serum vitamin D levels may associate with higher motor symptom severity in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to test the efficacy of supplemental vitamin D on ameliorating motor symptoms in PD, which is the most comprehensive study to assess the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and PD motor symptoms to date.

Methods: An electronic literature search supplemented by hand searching up to Sep 2024 identified 8 randomized controlled trials involving 646 cases of PD.

Untargeted metabolomics reveals the inhibition effect of a high-fat diet on colorectal cancer tumorigenesis in obesity-resistant mice regulating bile acid, glutathione, and glycerophospholipid metabolisms.

The interplay between high fat intake and cancer is complex and multifaceted. Contradictory results exist between obesity, high-fat diet (HFD), and colorectal cancer (CRC), necessitating further research. In this study, we investigated the effect of HFD on tumorigenesis in obesity-resistant and obesity-susceptible mouse models.

A simple independent triple-sideband THz signal generation and detection scheme based on delta-sigma modulation and heterodyne detection.

This paper proposes a scheme for the transmission and generation of independent triple-sideband (TSB) terahertz (THz) signals based on delta-sigma modulation (DSM) technology. The method converts multi-sideband high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals into a low-order quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal, enabling the transmission of independent TSB 256/512QAM signals. Compared to directly transmitting high-order QAM signals over the standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), the signal after the DSM modulator reduces the average energy and enhances the system's noise resistance.

Investigating the potential molecular mechanisms of dibutyltin dilaurate induced brain injury: a network toxicology and molecular docking approach.

Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is an organotin compound widely used in industrial chemical generation, recognized for its toxicity upon exposure. However, its association with brain injury remains unexplored. This study aims to identify and validate the molecular targets of DBTDL-induced brain toxicity using network toxicology approach and molecular docking analysis, and to elucidate its mechanisms.

Association Between ω-3, ω-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Sleep Disorders: From Cross-Sectional to Mendelian Randomization Studies.

Sleep disorders are a common health problem affecting a significant proportion of the adult population. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary factors, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake, may play a role in modulating sleep quality. This study aims to investigate the association between omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) PUFA and sleep disorders using cross-sectional survey data and data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Coulomb Blockade and Possible Luttinger Liquid Behaviors in Encapsulated High-Mobility Graphene Nanoribbons.

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are highly promising for exploring one-dimensional (1D) correlation physics and constructing digital logic circuits. Here, we report the intrinsic electrical transport behaviors of GNR field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated using GNRs encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) flakes. The FET devices exhibit excellent performance at room temperature: mobility up to ∼5000 cm V s, on/off ratio up to ∼10, and subthreshold swing down to ∼70 mV dec.

Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of urethral metastasis after urothelial carcinoma surgery: A case series and literature review of 3 total ureterectomy cases.

Rationale: Urethral metastasis recurrence after surgery for urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common clinical challenge, yet there is no established optimal treatment strategy to effectively control postoperative metastasis and recurrence. This case report evaluates the efficacy of total urethrectomy combined with adjuvant chemotherapy and PD-1 + antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) immunotherapy in managing UC urethral metastasis.

Patient Concerns: Three patients with a history of UC surgery presented with urethral metastasis recurrence, raising concerns about disease progression, treatment options, and long-term survival.

Identifying Key Plasma Proteins in the Onset of Parkinson's Disease: Proteome-Wide Mendelian Randomization and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis.

Currently, the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains enigmatic, primarily due to the scarcity of definitive diagnostic markers, thereby hampering both diagnosis and treatment. The urgent need for accessible plasma markers and targeted therapeutic agents has prompted us to employ various methodologies. We leveraged Mendelian randomization analysis, colocalization analysis, SMR analysis, and the HEIDI test to delve into the causal relationships between 2923 plasma proteins in the UK Biobank and PD.