Controlling factors for shale gas enrichment and their implications for favorable exploration areas: Insights from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations, Southern Sichuan, China.

The exploration and development of shale gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations (WF-LMX FM) of the Southern Sichuan Basin exhibit pronounced spatial heterogeneity with 3-5 fold gas content variations in strata meeting identical static thresholds (TOC > 2.5wt.%, porosity >5%).

In situ regulating the accessibility and structure of Fe-based catalytic sites to break trade-off between the activity and stability for oxygen reduction.

How to synchronously boost the activity and stability of Fe/N-doped carbons (Fe-N-Ce-N-C) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) becomes important to promote their commercial applications. Here we synthesize a Fe-N-Ce-N-C catalyst by secondary sintering and removing endogenous CeO nanoparticles to in situ regulate the accessibility and structure of N and O atoms coordinated Fe sites (FeNO). Theoretical studies indicate that the electron density distribution surrounding the Fe atom in FeNO sites exhibits significant differences compared to that in FeN, inducing a downward shift of the Fe d-band center.

Development of a CRISPR activation system for targeted gene upregulation in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.

The photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 offers a promising sustainable solution for simultaneous CO fixation and compound bioproduction. While various heterologous products have now been synthesised in Synechocystis, limited genetic tools hinder further strain engineering for efficient production.

Pore structure evolution and geological controls in lacustrine shale systems with implications for marine shale reservoir characterization.

Understanding pore structure evolution in lacustrine shale systems provides critical insights for marine shale reservoir characterization. This study presents an integrated petrological and petrophysical analysis of a representative lacustrine shale succession, employing low temperature nitrogen adsorption (LTNA), whole rock X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The study shows that (1) Clay-dominated pore systems evolve through distinct pathways compared to marine shales, with illite/smectite mixed-layer minerals generating abundant mesopores through diagenetic transformation.

Nickel-Catalyzed Adaptive Migration-Enabled Asymmetric Cross-Hydrocarbonylation of Unactivated Alkenes.

Transition-metal-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective cross-coupling of alkyl metallic species has emerged as a cornerstone in modern organic synthesis, which enables the construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds with high precision to facilitate rapid access to important organic targets with molecular complexity. However, the selective formation and utilization of different alkyl metallic intermediates from one precursor under identical conditions remain unknown and challenging. Herein, a Ni-catalyzed adaptive migratory asymmetric cross-hydroacylation of unactivated alkenes for the synthesis of enantioenriched α-arylated ketones has been developed.

Fusing radiomics and deep learning features for automated classification of multi-type pulmonary nodule.

Background: The accurate classification of lung nodules is critical to achieving personalized lung cancer treatment and prognosis prediction. The treatment options for lung cancer and the prognosis of patients are closely related to the type of lung nodules, but there are many types of lung nodules, and the distinctions between certain types are subtle, making accurate classification based on traditional medical imaging technology and doctor experience challenging.

Purpose: In this study, a novel method was used to analyze quantitative features in CT images using CT radiomics to reveal the characteristics of pulmonary nodules, and then feature fusion was used to integrate radiomics features and deep learning features to improve the accuracy of classification.

Predicting the composition of aroma components in Baijiu using hyperspectral imaging combined with a replication allocation strategy-enhanced stacked ensemble learning model.

Ester and acid aroma compounds are crucial components affecting the fragrance of Baijiu, and their composition can endow the Baijiu with a fruity, acidic, floral, or roasted aroma. This study aims to quantitatively detect the ester and acid content in Soy Sauce-Aroma Type Baijiu (SSAB) using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology and a stacked ensemble learning (SEL) model. To mitigate the impact of data imbalance, an improved oversampling technique known as the replication allocation strategy (RAS) was utilized.

Monte carlo analysis of low-energy 125I brachytherapy: implications for clinical dosimetry.

One of the primary limitations of the recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group is that it does not consider attenuation effects from individual sources in multi-source brachytherapy implants. To address this issue, the inter-source effect (ISE) parameter has been introduced. In the present study the ISE is evaluated and compared for several I brachytherapy sources simulating three different I source models with the Geant4 code.

The analysis of entrepreneurship evaluation system for talent cultivation in artistic creativity and animation under artificial intelligence.

This work aims to explore the application of artistic creativity using deep learning (DL) and artificial intelligence (AI) in the evaluation system of innovation and entrepreneurship. Moreover, this work intends to propose a new perspective for talent cultivation in animation majors in higher education institutions. Addressing the strong subjectivity and lack of quantitative indicators in traditional artistic creativity evaluation methods, this work constructs an artistic creativity innovation evaluation model based on the Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) integrated with the Style-Based Generative Adversarial Network (StyleGAN) algorithm.

Monitoring nanoplastic aging in situ by moth-eye mimic plasmonic substrates.

Micro-nano plastics aging is crucial as it determines the environmental fate of each plastic particle, yet few studies involved in situ aging of nanoplastics. Herein, we utilized nanosphere lithography combined with goldnanorod assembly to prepare a moth-eye mimic plasmonic substrate featuring excellent SERS performance. The substrate was applied to in situ characterize the degradation process of PS nanoplastics during UV aging.

Study on the influence mechanism of endogenous protein components on the characteristics of distiller's grains starch.

Some starch in distiller's grains has low utilization rate and serious waste of resources due to its combination with endogenous non-starch components (proteins). This study explored the impact of removing different endogenous proteins on starch molecules' physicochemical structure and brewing characteristics. Results revealed β-sheet-dominated proteins in fermented grains, with alkali-soluble proteins being most abundant (37.

Citric acid impairs type B trichothecene biosynthesis of but enhances its growth and pigment biosynthesis: transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.

Unlabelled: is a pathogenic fungus that causes devastating plant diseases such as Fusarium head blight, leading to significant food waste and posing a threat to human health due to the accumulation of mycotoxins. As a soil-borne fungus, interacts closely with plants and soil, completing its life cycle in an intricate environment. In this investigation, citric acid (CA), a plant root exudate and heavy metal chelator, was investigated for its effect on at concentrations of 2.

dCas12a-mediated CRISPR interference for multiplex gene repression in cyanobacteria for enhanced isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol production.

Background: Cyanobacteria of the genera Synechocystis and Synechococcus have emerged as promising platforms for metabolic engineering endeavors aimed at converting carbon dioxide into valuable fuels and chemicals, thus addressing the pressing energy demand and mitigating global climate change. Notably, Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) has been engineered to produce isobutanol (IB) and 3-methyl-1-butanol (3M1B) via heterologous expression of α-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase (Kivd).

Switchable Regiodivergent Reductive Alkyl-Alkyl Coupling by Nickel Catalysis: Sorting Different Alkyl-Nickel Intermediates.

Site-selective and divergent functionalizations on saturated alkyl chain at specific unfunctionalized positions is a key challenge in organic chemistry and other related areas and offers unprecedented synthetic opportunities. Herein, a ligand-controlled Ni-catalyzed site-selective and divergent alkyl-alkyl reductive coupling between two different alkyl halides has been developed. Notably, the reaction finely tunes and recognizes thermodynamic favored α-aminoalkyl radicals over β-aminoalkyl radicals, and distal ipso-alkyl radicals to deliver chemo- and position-selective alkylation of unactivated α-H and β-H of amines under reductive conditions.

Insight into the succession pattern of the microbial community of fermented grains and driving forces during pit fermentation of Maotai-flavor baijiu.

Microbial successions during pit fermentation are critical for flavors synthesis of Maotai-flavor baijiu (MFB). The present study aimed to explore microbial succession patterns and associated driving forces in the 4th round fermented grains (FG). Results showed that Oceanobacillus, Virgibacillus, Kroppenstedtia, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Zygosaccharomyces, Issatchenkia, and Pichia were identified as core microbes and 25 key flavors were determined.

Multitask semantic change detection guided by spatiotemporal semantic interaction.

Semantic Change Detection (SCD) aims to accurately identify the change areas and their categories in dual-time images, which is more complex and challenging than traditional binary change detection tasks. Accurately capturing the change information of land cover types is crucial for remote sensing image analysis and subsequent decision-making applications. However, existing SCD methods often neglect the spatial details and temporal dependencies of dual-time images, leading to problems such as change category imbalance and limited detection accuracy, especially in capturing small target changes.

Effects of aging on word position encoding in Chinese reading.

Recent research has highlighted a growing interest in word position coding during sentence reading, with young adults demonstrating flexible encoding of word positions. However, normal aging is associated with the visual and cognitive changes, which may impact this flexibility - particularly in Chinese reading, where word boundaries are not explicitly marked. This study examined age-related differences in the flexibility of word position encoding by investigating the transposed-word effect in young and older adults.

Rapid assembly of enantioenriched α-arylated ketones via Ni-catalyzed asymmetric cross-hydrocarbonylation enabled by alkene sorting.

Enantioenriched α-arylated dialkyl ketones with acidic proton are ubiquitous subunits in valuable target organic molecules and serve as versatile synthetic precursors for other value-added chiral blocks. Herein, a distinct synthetic strategy of enantioenriched α-arylated dialkyl ketones enabled by nickel-catalyzed iterative cross-hydrocarbonylation of two alkenes has been developed, representing a reaction mode for the direct synthesis of asymmetric α-arylated dialkyl ketones. One aliphatic alkene and one styrene are creatively used as surrogates of two different alkyl precursors.

Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Composite Catalysts to Enhance Contact-Electro-Catalytic Performance of Polytetrafluoroethylene.

The strong hydrophobicity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) restricts its effective interaction with aqueous media, thereby hindering its contact-electro-catalytic (CEC) performance. Herein, an effective strategy is proposed to enhance CEC efficiency by developing hydrophobic/hydrophilic composites. This approach not only improves hydrophilicity to facilitate solid-liquid contact-electrification (CE) but also leverages solid-solid CE, significantly boosting the CEC activity of PTFE.

Volatilomics and Lipidomics revealed flavoring mechanism in baijiu brewed from diverse Sorghum varieties.

Sorghum is crucial in Baijiu brewing. Previous studies have shown that glutinous sorghum (LS) and non-glutinous sorghum (FS) significantly affect Zaopei's lipid metabolism and lipids affect flavor perception. This study aimed to explore the quality differences in Baijiu brewed with different sorghum varieties and the effects of lipids.

High Yield of Prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens Ka3 Using Additive Huangshui, a Byproduct of Chinese Liquor (Baijiu).

Huangshui, a characteristic byproduct of Chinese liquor production, was first used as an additive to promote the production of prodigiosin with Serratia marcescens Ka3 in a 5 L bioreactor. Based on the prodigiosin levels in the peptone glycerol medium, the yield of prodigiosin reached 48,341 mg/L after adding 1% Huangshui following 60 h of fermentation, which is currently a high yield in bioreactors. The purity of the prodigiosin extracted from the fermentation broth and purified using a microporous filter membrane was 97%.

Tailored Self-Assembled Biomimetic Nanofibers for Light-Driven β-lactam Antibiotics Degradation in Water.

The overuse of antibiotics in China and the resulting rise in antibiotic resistance pose an urgent need for effective antibiotic degradation in water. Developing artificial systems that mimic the catalytic efficiency of natural photoactive enzymes for this purpose remains a critical challenge. Despite decades of research, there is a notable scarcity of precisely designed scaffolds that can replicate the structural and functional efficiency of natural enzymes for waterborne antibiotic degradation, particularly at the nano- to micrometer scale.

CDBN-YGXZ shows highly antibacterial activity against Clostridioides difficile as a potential candidate drug.

CDBN-YGXZ shows a low minimal inhibitory concentration range from 0.015 to 0.125 mg/L against clinical Clostridioides difficile strains with diverse genotypes, hardly induces bacterial resistance, and intensively inhibits 86.

Characterization of Qu-aroma of medium-high temperature Daqu from different production areas using sensory evaluation, E-nose, and GC-MS/O analysis.

Qu-aroma is a critical quality indicator for medium-high temperature Daqu (MT-Daqu). Due to the differences in regional and environmental conditions, these differences are likely to cause variations in the Qu-aroma of MT-Daqu. Despite this, comprehensive research on the variations in Qu-aroma across different regions has been lacking.

Brain connectivity and transcriptional changes induced by rTMS in first-episode major depressive disorder.

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely utilized non-invasive brain stimulation technique with demonstrated efficacy in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects, particularly in modulating neural connectivity and influencing gene expression, remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) induced by 10 Hz rTMS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as well as their associations with transcriptomic data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas.