From a traditional medicine monomer to a modern neurotherapeutic scaffold: a review of SAR-Driven tetramethylpyrazine derivatives for cerebrovascular and cognitive health.

Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), a bioactive alkaloid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine (, has gained significant attention for its therapeutic potential in cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment, mainly due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, its clinical application is often limited by suboptimal pharmacokinetic characteristics and modest potency. This review highlights recent advancements in the structure-activity relationship (SAR) optimization of TMP, focusing on its derivatives' neuroprotective efficacy and vascular benefits.

Microorganisms in mosquitoes for controlling mosquito-borne viral diseases: from lab to field.

Mosquito-borne viral diseases pose a growing global health threat, with over half of the world's population living in high-risk areas. In the absence of effective vaccines or antiviral therapies for most mosquito-borne viruses, vector control remains the primary strategy. However, traditional insecticides face rising resistance and ecological concerns.

Molecular Epidemiology and Genomic Insights into Enterobacter cloacae Complex Co-Harboring bla and mcr: Implications for Resistance Gene Transmission.

Objective: This study aims to systematically investigate the molecular epidemiology and genomic characteristics of Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) strains globally harboring bla and mcr, as well as the co-existence of drug resistance genes. The goal is to provide insights and recommendations for monitoring clinical drug-resistant strains and super-resistant plasmids.

Methods: This study analyzed 281 ECC isolates harboring both bla and mcr, obtained from NCBI GenBank database (2003-2024) with whole-genome sequencing data.

Do Family Physicians' Recommendations for Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccines Impact the Elderly Aged ≥60 Years? A Cross-Sectional Study in Six Chinese Cities.

: Influenza vaccine and pneumococcal vaccine are essential to protect the health of older adults. This study focuses on the impact of family physicians' recommendations on influenza and pneumococcal vaccine uptake among urban Chinese older adults and makes recommendations for improving vaccination rates. : A cross-sectional survey on influenza vaccination and pneumonia vaccination was conducted in December 2024 in six cities in China among adults aged ≥60 years.

Opposite Interactive Effects of Heat Wave and Cold Spell with Fine Particulate Matter on Pneumonia Mortality.

Exposure to extreme temperature events (ETEs) and ambient fine particulate matter (PM) has been linked to an increased risk of pneumonia mortality, but their interactive effects remain largely unknown. We investigated 50,196 pneumonia deaths from 2015 to 2022 in Jiangsu province, China, with a time-stratified case-crossover design. An individual-level exposure to heat wave, cold spell, and PM was assessed at each subject's residential address using validated grid datasets.

A capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of mosquito salivary protein-specific immunoglobulin E.

Mosquito saliva contains numerous distinct mosquito salivary proteins (MSPs) that mediate mosquito-host interactions. Repeated mosquito exposure can trigger allergic reactions, with MSP-specific IgE playing a central role. Current enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting methods for detecting MSP-specific IgE suffer from interference by much more abundant MSP-specific IgG, leading to low sensitivity.

Wave succession in the pandemic clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus driven by gene loss.

While spontaneous mutation and gene acquisition are well-established drivers of pathogen adaptation, the role of gene loss remains underexplored. Here we investigated the emergence and diversification of the pandemic clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus through large-scale phylogenomic analysis of 8,684 global isolates. The pandemic clone rapidly acquired multiple marker genes and genomic islands, subsequently diverging into successive sublineages mediating independent waves of cross-country transmission, as also observed in Vibrio cholerae.

Wastewater-based epidemiology of influenza A virus in Shenzhen: baseline values and implications for multi-pathogen surveillance.

Influenza A virus (IAV) has become increasingly unpredictable in its seasonal patterns following the COVID-19 pandemic. A key challenge remains identifying optimal moments for public health interventions to inform evidence-based decisions. Real-time PCR was employed to quantify IAV concentrations in wastewater samples from 38 treatment plants in Shenzhen, China (n = 2,764), collected weekly from March 2023 to March 2024.

Risk factors and mental health comorbidities associated with subjective cognitive decline in Chinese older adults: A propensity score-matched case-control study.

Background: Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) is recognized as one of the earliest symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia. However, factors influencing SCD are inconsistent across studies, with limited research on the risk associated with combinations of symptoms, particularly anxiety and depression.

Methods: This propensity score-matched case-control study analyzed data from the National Essential Public Health Service Program in Shenzhen, China.

Large-scale analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomic data from sewage using eVarEPS reveals that amino acid mutations detected in sewage provide an early warning on population prevalence.

Key amino acid mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genomes drive the emergence of variants of concern, impacting virus transmission and immune escape. However, there is still a lack of large-scale monitoring and risk assessment of new amino acid variants in sewage. To address this gap, we developed eVarEPS (Environmental SARS-CoV-2 Variations Evaluation and Prewarning System), a system for the early identification and assessment of SARS-CoV-2 variants in environmental samples.

Early-Life Exposure to Bisphenol A Damaged Pancreas That May Increase Offspring Sensitivity to High-Fat Diets.

Previous studies have identified early life as a sensitive window for BPA exposure that may increase the risk of metabolic disease in adulthood. However, less attention has been paid to the effects of early-life BPA exposure on the pancreas and its relationship to the development of metabolic diseases. In this study, we exposed females to 50 μg/kg/d BPA in drinking water from 6 days of gestation to weaning of offspring mice and administered a high-fat diet after weaning of offspring mice.

Partner Tracing Survey and Phylogenetic Analysis Among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive MSM - Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China, 2019-2022.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Partner tracing (PT) represents an established public health strategy for identifying undiagnosed individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and contributes to controlling sustained HIV transmission.

What Is Added By This Report?: Partner tracing among newly diagnosed HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) demonstrates effectiveness in identifying undiagnosed infected individuals, with regular sexual partners showing higher likelihood of HIV-positive detection. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed that only a small proportion of epidemiologically linked pairs exhibited genetic linkage.

Genetic characteristics of rotavirus a in Shenzhen and Zhuhai, China, 2020-2023.

Background: Rotavirus A group (RVA) is a leading cause of viral diarrhea, posing a substantial economic and public health burden. Compared to other enteric viruses, RVA possesses diverse genetic mechanisms, making it more challenging to control and prevent. Moreover, surveillance and evolutionary studies on RVA remain limited in Southern China.

Thiol Reactome Profiling in Plant-Derived Foods and Discovery of an Abundant Insecticidal Natural Product ()-Dihydromaleimide in Snow Pea ().

While thiol-reactive compounds have been extensively utilized by plants as defensive metabolites, prior investigations into these natural products remained limited. We employed a reactivity-directed analysis method utilizing high-resolution mass spectrometry to conduct thiol reactome profiling on extracts from 70 different plant-derived foods, resulting in the tentative prediction of chemical formulas of 71 abundant molecular adduct ions. Then, we selected a prominent adduct ion for structural elucidation, leading to the identification of ()-dihydromaleimide (DHM) and ()-dihydromaleimide β-d-glucoside (DHMG) in snow pea ().

Molecular Epidemiology of Coxsackievirus A10 Associated With Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease From 2021 to 2024 in Shenzhen, China.

The study aimed to investigate epidemiological profile and molecular characteristics of coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shenzhen, China and comparatively analyze genomes of CVA10 strains related to differential clinical phenotypes. A total of 3170 clinical specimens collected between 2021 and 2024 were examined for CVA10 using real-time RT-PCR. Complete VP1 sequences and near-complete genome sequences of CVA10 were determined by RT-PCR methods and sequencing.

Widowhood disparities in nonaccidental mortality attributable to heat waves and ozone.

Emerging evidence suggests that heat waves and ozone (O) contribute to increased mortality risks. Since widowhood is a common event that can increase individuals' susceptibility to the environment, it is of great importance and interest to elucidate the widowhood disparity in mortality attributable to heat waves and O. We therefore conducted a case-crossover study of 1,214,763 nonaccidental deaths in Jiangsu Province, China, during 2015-2021 to investigate the independent and interactive associations of exposure to heat waves and O with mortality by widowhood status.

Plasmid-driven clonal expansion of multidrug-resistant monophasic Typhimurium in a Global Food Trade Hub.

Shenzhen, a major port city with a heavily imported food supply, offers a critical setting to examine the spread and adaptation of multidrug-resistant 1,4,[5],12:i: - ( 1,4,[5],12:i:-). This study integrates 17 years of genomic, epidemiological, and food safety data. We explored the serovar's population structure, antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) patterns, and transmission dynamics locally and globally.

High-fat and low-fiber diet elevates the gut resistome: a comparative metagenomic study.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge. The gut microbiome, a major reservoir for AMR, is influenced by dietary habits. However, the specific impact of dietary patterns on gut resistome remains poorly understood.

Pathogen surveillance of acute conjunctivitis reveals recent emergence of coxsackievirus A24 variants and high genotypic diversity of human adenoviruses in Shenzhen, China, 2018-2024.

Objectives: To investigate the etiological characteristics of acute conjunctivitis in Shenzhen, China.

Methods: A total of 1234 conjunctival swabs collected between 2018 and 2024 were examined for coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v), enterovirus D70 (EV-D70) and human adenovirus (HAdV). Complete VP1 sequences of CVA24v strains were determined and analyzed.

Emergence of carbapenem-resistant XDR Salmonella enterica in paediatric patients in South China: A genomic perspective study.

Background And Aim: Carbapenem-resistant Salmonella enterica (CRSE), mostly driven by plasmids, poses a growing public health threat, especially in paediatric populations. This study investigates a cluster of paediatric CRSE infections in paediatric populations, characterizes genomic features of CRSE isolates, assesses global CRSE prevalence, and explores plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer.

Methods: An epidemiological investigation of 18 paediatric CRSE cases was conducted.

Influenza H7N9 Virus Infection Activated TNF Signaling Pathway in BV2 Cells.

Although patients infected with the avian influenza H7N9 virus primarily present flu-like symptoms, recent clinical studies have found that viral encephalopathy caused by avian influenza H7N9 virus infection is an essential factor in patient deaths. In this study, the H7N9 virus was used to infect mouse microglia cells (MGs) BV2, central nervous system (CNS)-resident macrophages, to determine the infectivity of the H7N9 virus in MGs. Besides, we investigated immune reactions in H7N9 virus-infected mouse MGs by comprehensively analyzing the transcriptome and proteome.

Association between follow-up visit frequency, medication types prescribed, and glycaemic outcomes among diabetic patients in China's Basic Public Health Services programme: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Regular follow-up may improve medication utilisation and glycaemic outcomes among persons with diabetes, but evidence on the impact of follow-up frequency within China's Basic Public Health Services (BPHS) programme remains sparse. This study aimed to investigate the association between follow-up frequency, medication utilisation, and glycaemic outcomes among late middle-aged and older adults with diabetes.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used electronic follow-up record data from the BPHS programme in Longhua District, Shenzhen, China, from 2018 to 2020.

Global stroke burden attributable to household air pollution: Insights from GBD 2021 and projections to 2040.

Objectives: To analyze the global stroke burden attributable to household air pollution (HAP) using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, examine its spatiotemporal patterns from 1990-2021, and project future trends through 2040.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis using GBD data with future projections.

Methods: Analysis of age-standardized rates, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) due to HAP-related stroke across 204 countries.

Nicotine Reprograms Aging-Related Metabolism and Protects Against Motor Decline in Mice.

The effects of nicotine on aging-related motor and cognitive decline remain controversial due to limited empirical evidence. Here, mice are permitted to orally consume nicotine over a 22-month period and observed attenuated motor decline without pathological alterations in major metabolism-related peripheral organs or immune system dysfunction. Multi-organ metabolomic profiling and network analysis of aged mice (24 months old) identified nicotine-responsive pathways related to glycolipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.

An efficient and convenient method for collecting mosquito salivary proteins with high bioactivity and mosquito salivary viruses with high infectivity.

Mosquito salivary proteins (MSPs) play vital roles in facilitating mosquito feeding and mediating mosquito-host interactions. The current standard method for collecting MSPs and mosquito salivary viruses (MSVs) is the forced salivation (FS) method, which is laborious and time-consuming, and yields MSPs with altered composition and reduced bioactivity and MSVs with weakened infectivity, compared to those secreted under physiological conditions. To address these shortcomings, we developed a collecting-by-natural-feeding (CNF) method which empowers convenient and time-saving collection of MSPs and MSVs under physiological conditions.