Nicotine Reprograms Aging-Related Metabolism and Protects Against Motor Decline in Mice.

The effects of nicotine on aging-related motor and cognitive decline remain controversial due to limited empirical evidence. Here, mice are permitted to orally consume nicotine over a 22-month period and observed attenuated motor decline without pathological alterations in major metabolism-related peripheral organs or immune system dysfunction. Multi-organ metabolomic profiling and network analysis of aged mice (24 months old) identified nicotine-responsive pathways related to glycolipid metabolism and energy homeostasis.

Identification and Field Testing of Female-produced Sex Pheromone Components of Dendrolimus suffuscus Subspecies Illustratus De Lajonquière, 1973.

The pine caterpillar moth, Dendrolimus suffuscus subspecies Illustratus De Lajonquière, 1973 (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), is the most important defoliator of oriental arborvitae in China. Outbreaks occur over enormous areas and often lead to the death of forests over two to three successive years of defoliation. Using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, extracts of the female sex pheromone gland of D.

SILF Dataset: Fault Dataset for Solar Insecticidal Lamp Internet of Things Node.

Solar insecticidal lamps (SILs) are commonly used agricultural pest control devices that attract pests through a lure lamp and eliminate them using a high-voltage metal mesh. When integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) technology, SIL systems can collect various types of data, e.g.

Corrigendum: An image dataset for analyzing tea picking behavior in tea plantations.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.

An image dataset for analyzing tea picking behavior in tea plantations.

Tea is an important economic product in China, and tea picking is a key agricultural activity. As the practice of tea picking in China gradually shifts towards intelligent and mechanized methods, artificial intelligence recognition technology has become a crucial tool, showing great potential in recognizing large-scale tea picking operations and various picking behaviors. Constructing a comprehensive database is essential for these advancements.

Multilevel Contrastive Graph Masked Autoencoders for Unsupervised Graph-Structure Learning.

Unsupervised graph-structure learning (GSL) which aims to learn an effective graph structure applied to arbitrary downstream tasks by data itself without any labels' guidance, has recently received increasing attention in various real applications. Although several existing unsupervised GSL has achieved superior performance in different graph analytical tasks, how to utilize the popular graph masked autoencoder to sufficiently acquire effective supervision information from the data itself for improving the effectiveness of learned graph structure has been not effectively explored so far. To tackle the above issue, we present a multilevel contrastive graph masked autoencoder (MCGMAE) for unsupervised GSL.

Dose-dependent action of cordycepin on the microbiome-gut-brain-adipose axis in mice exposed to stress.

The high risk for anxiety and depression among individuals with stress has become a growing concern globally. Stress-related mental disorders are often accompanied by symptoms of metabolic dysfunction. Cordycepin is a Chinese herbal medicine commonly used for its metabolism-enhancing effects.

Conventional and multi-omics assessments of subacute inhalation toxicity due to propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin aerosol produced by electronic cigarettes.

Propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG) are the most common solvents used in electronic cigarette liquids. No long-term inhalation toxicity assessments have been performed combining conventional and multi-omics approaches on the potential respiratory effects of the solvents in vivo. In this study, the systemic toxicity of aerosol generated from a ceramic heating coil-based e-cigarette was evaluated.

Pharmacokinetic differences in nicotine and nicotine salts mediate reinforcement-related behavior: an animal model study.

Since their introduction in the United States and Europe in 2007, electronic cigarettes (E-Cigs) have become increasingly popular among smokers. Nicotine, a key component in both tobacco and e-cigarettes, can exist in two forms: nicotine-freebase (FBN) and nicotine salts (NS). While nicotine salt is becoming more popular in e-cigarettes, the effect of nicotine salts on reinforcement-related behaviors remains poorly understood.

A novel two-way rebalancing strategy for identifying carbonylation sites.

Background: As an irreversible post-translational modification, protein carbonylation is closely related to many diseases and aging. Protein carbonylation prediction for related patients is significant, which can help clinicians make appropriate therapeutic schemes. Because carbonylation sites can be used to indicate change or loss of protein function, integrating these protein carbonylation site data has been a promising method in prediction.

Joint learning sample similarity and correlation representation for cancer survival prediction.

Background: As a highly aggressive disease, cancer has been becoming the leading death cause around the world. Accurate prediction of the survival expectancy for cancer patients is significant, which can help clinicians make appropriate therapeutic schemes. With the high-throughput sequencing technology becoming more and more cost-effective, integrating multi-type genome-wide data has been a promising method in cancer survival prediction.

Corrigendum: Menthol Flavor in E-Cigarette Vapor Modulates Social Behavior Correlated With Central and Peripheral Changes of Immunometabolic Signalings.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.

and Activity of Phibilin Against .

The increase in the occurrence of antifungal-resistant infections necessitates more research to explore alternative effective and safe agents against this fungus. In this work, Phibilin, a new antimicrobial peptide obtained from and used in traditional Chinese medicine, effectively inhibits the growth and activities of , including the clinical resistant strains. Phibilin is a fungicidal antimicrobial peptide that exhibited its antimicrobial effect against mainly by disrupting the membrane and interacting with the DNA of the fungi.

Menthol Flavor in E-Cigarette Vapor Modulates Social Behavior Correlated With Central and Peripheral Changes of Immunometabolic Signalings.

The use of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) has been increasing dramatically worldwide. More than 8,000 flavors of e-cigarettes are currently marketed and menthol is one of the most popular flavor additives in the electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). There is a controversy over the roles of e-cigarettes in social behavior, and little is known about the potential impacts of flavorings in the ENDS.

In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of a lysine-rich scorpion peptide derivative.

Antimicrobial peptides are widely acknowledged as an alternative class of antimicrobial agents. In this study, a lysine-rich scorpion peptide derivative Pacavin-5K was designed, which showed an improved antibacterial spectrum, significantly higher antibacterial activity, and lower toxicity compared to the native peptide. It also showed an improved thermal and serum stability.

Mitigation Effects of Selenium Nanoparticles on Depression-Like Behavior Induced by Fluoride in Mice via the JAK2-STAT3 Pathway.

Depression is a mental health problem with typically high levels of distress and dysfunction, and 150 mg/L fluoride (F) can induce depression-like behavior. The development of depression is correlated with neuronal atrophy, insufficient secretion of monoamine neurotransmitters, extreme deviations from the normal microglial activation status, and immune-inflammatory response. Studies found that Se supplementation was related to the improvement of depression.

mGlu2/3 receptor in the prelimbic cortex is implicated in stress resilience and vulnerability in mice.

Resilience, referring to "achieving a positive outcome in the face of adversity", is a common phenomenon in daily life. Elucidating the mechanisms of stress resilience is instrumental to developing more effective treatments for stress-related psychiatric disorders such as depression. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu2/3 and mGlu5) within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have been recently recognized as promising therapeutic targets for rapid-acting antidepressant treatment.

The GABA(B1) receptor within the infralimbic cortex is implicated in stress resilience and vulnerability in mice.

Resilience is the capacity to maintain normal psychological and physical functions in the face of stress and adversity. Understanding how one can develop and enhance resilience is of great relevance to not only promoting coping mechanisms but also mitigating maladaptive stress responses in psychiatric illnesses such as depression. Preclinical studies suggest that GABA(B) receptors (GABA(B1) and GABA(B2)) are potential targets for the treatment of major depression.

GABA(B) receptors within the lateral habenula modulate stress resilience and vulnerability in mice.

Resilience means "the ability to withstand or recover quickly in the face of adversity". Elucidating the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying stress resilience will facilitate the development of more effective treatments for stress-induced psychiatric disorders such as depression. The habenular nuclei, which consist of the medial and lateral sub-regions (MHb and LHb, respectively), have been described as a critical node in emotional regulations.

Visual-Depth Matching Network: Deep RGB-D Domain Adaptation With Unequal Categories.

Existing domain adaptation (DA) methods generally assume that different domains have identical label space, and the training data are only sampled from a single domain. This unrealistic assumption is quite restricted for real-world applications, since it neglects the more practical scenario, where the source domain can contain the categories that are not shared by the target domain, and the training data can be collected from multiple modalities. In this article, we address a more difficult but practical problem, which recognizes RGB images through training on RGB-D data under the label space inequality scenario.

Dual-regression model for visual tracking.

Existing regression based tracking methods built on correlation filter model or convolution model do not take both accuracy and robustness into account at the same time. In this paper, we propose a dual-regression framework comprising a discriminative fully convolutional module and a fine-grained correlation filter component for visual tracking. The convolutional module trained in a classification manner with hard negative mining ensures the discriminative ability of the proposed tracker, which facilitates the handling of several challenging problems, such as drastic deformation, distractors, and complicated backgrounds.

Fermented wheat bran by xylanase-producing Bacillus cereus boosts the intestinal microflora of broiler chickens.

Wheat bran, while a nutritious and economic feed ingredient, contents high levels of non-starch polysaccharides which entraps nutrients and interferes digestion and absorption. To study the influence of fermented wheat bran by xylanase-producing Bacillus cereus on growth performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens, a total of 180 broilers (21-day-old, mixed of male and female) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 6 replicates in each treatment and 10 broilers in each replicate: 1) control check (CK), corn-soybean meal-based diet; 2) wheat bran group (WB), 5% of the corn were replaced with wheat bran; and 3) fermented wheat bran group (FWB), 5% of the corn were replaced with fermented wheat bran. Growth performance was determined in the period of 21- to 42-day-old.