Microorganisms in mosquitoes for controlling mosquito-borne viral diseases: from lab to field.

Mosquito-borne viral diseases pose a growing global health threat, with over half of the world's population living in high-risk areas. In the absence of effective vaccines or antiviral therapies for most mosquito-borne viruses, vector control remains the primary strategy. However, traditional insecticides face rising resistance and ecological concerns.

Evaluation and dynamic evolution of maternal and child health services in township health centers in ethnic minority areas of Guangxi, China.

Aim: To achieve more efficient and comprehensive maternal and child health (MCH) care services in rural areas through optimizing resource allocation and enhancing service quality.

Background: With the increasing awareness of health among rural residents and the growing demand for MCH care, township health centers, as a crucial component of primary medical services, have emerged as a key factor in ensuring the health of women and children in rural areas.

Methods: Using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, this study conducted on-site investigations on 49 township health centers across six districts and counties of Guilin, Guangxi.

IL-16 Up-Regulation is Associated with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Progression and Poor Prognosis in Patients.

IL-16 has been described as a chemoattractant that activates macrophages, CD4+ T cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells, and monocytes, thus activating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-15, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The present study aimed to investigate the IL-16 expression in the serum and elucidate IL-16 significance in the clinical assessment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The study adopted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to analyze the expressions of IL-16 in the serum derived from 80 EOC patients and 80 age-matched healthy controls.

Thermostable Elicitor from Interacts with PbrPOD1 to Promote Pear Resistance and Protect against Bitter Rot Disease.

Exploitation of elicitor-induced resistance represents a promising strategy for crop disease management. Although numerous elicitors have been identified, the mechanisms by which they trigger crop resistance have remained largely uncharacterized. Pear anthracnose (pear bitter rot), caused by the broad-host-range pathogen , results in significant economic losses.

Role of CCK1 receptor in metabolic benefits of intestinal enteropeptidase inhibition in mice.

Enteropeptidase (EP; enterokinase) is a serine protease that regulates intestinal protein digestion by converting trypsinogen into active trypsin, and thus initiates activation of the pancreatic zymogen cascade. Chronic inhibition of EP and trypsin (EP/T) with camostat (Foipan, FOY-305) or its active metabolite (FOY-251) causes weight loss in obese mice by reducing intestinal protein absorption and suppression of food intake, however, the mechanisms leading to appetite suppression are not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that cholecystokinin (CCK) signaling mediates the anorectic effects of EP/T inhibition using a CCK1R inhibitor (loxiglumide) or CCK1R knockout (KO) mice.

Machine learning prediction model of prolonged delay to loop ileostomy closure after rectal cancer surgery: a retrospective study.

Background: Delayed closure of a temporary ileostomy in patients with rectal cancer may cause psychological, physiological, and socioeconomic burdens to patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate a machine learning-based model to predict the delayed ileostomy closure after surgery in patients with rectal cancer.

Design: A retrospective study.

Deep Rib Fracture Instance Segmentation and Classification From CT on the RibFrac Challenge.

Rib fractures are a common and potentially severe injury that can be challenging and labor-intensive to detect in CT scans. While there have been efforts to address this field, the lack of large-scale annotated datasets and evaluation benchmarks has hindered the development and validation of deep learning algorithms. To address this issue, the RibFrac Challenge was introduced, providing a benchmark dataset of over 5,000 rib fractures from 660 CT scans, with voxel-level instance mask annotations and diagnosis labels for four clinical categories (buckle, nondisplaced, displaced, or segmental).

The Predictive Significance of Various Prognostic Scoring Systems on the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study.

Background And Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and prognostic value of various immunoprognostic scoring systems-Lung Immune Prognostic Index (LIPI), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), and Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm)-in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data from 219 NSCLC patients treated with ICIs at Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University from June 1, 2019 to January 31, 2024. The therapeutic efficacy and predictive capabilities of the scoring systems were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards models, time-dependent ROC curves, and random survival forest models.

Prognostic value of combined nutritional and inflammatory markers in NSCLC patients receiving ICIs.

Background: In the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have markedly improved patient survival, yet some patients do not benefit. The existing prognostic factors are limited, highlighting the development of reliable and convenient predictive indicators.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 219 NSCLC patients treated with ICIs from June 2019 to January 2024.

Burden of orofacial clefts from 1990-2021 at global, regional, and national levels.

Objectives: We aimed to study and comprehensively evaluate the burden of OFCs at global, regional, and national levels.

Methods: Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease database for 2021, we analysed the prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of orofacial clefts (OFCs) from 1990-2021, categorised by sex, regions, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Numbers and age-standardised rates (ASRs) of the aforementioned indices were estimated through a systematic analysis of modelled data from the GBD 2021 study.

Generation and characterization of neutralizing antibodies against M1R and B6R proteins of monkeypox virus.

The global outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV), combined with the termination of smallpox vaccination and the lack of specific antiviral treatments, raises increasing concerns. The surface proteins M1R and B6R of MPXV are crucial for virus transmission and serve as key targets for vaccine development. In this study, a panel of human antibodies targeting M1R and B6R is isolated from a human antibody library using phage display technology.

An mRNA vaccine against monkeypox virus inhibits infection by co-activation of humoral and cellular immune responses.

The persistent monkeypox outbreaks intensify the demand for monkeypox vaccines. Based on the mRNA vaccine platform, we conduct a systematic screening of monkeypox virus (MPXV) surface proteins from two types of viral particles, extracellular enveloped viruses (EVs) and intracellular mature viruses (MVs). This screening unveils 12 important antigens with diverse levels of neutralizing immunogenicity.

Mechanistic insights into carbon black-activated AKT/TMEM175 cascade impairing macrophage-epithelial cross-talk and airway epithelial proliferation.

Carbon black nanoparticles (CB) has been linked to respiratory epithelial damage, a precursor to various respiratory diseases. Although the mechanisms by which CB induce cellular damage are well understood, the initial molecular events driving this process remain poorly characterized. In this study, we aim to elucidate the cellular responses triggered by CB exposure, focusing on the molecular conformational changes, organelle damage, and the disruption of crosstalk between macrophages and airway epithelial cells.

Applying machine learning to predict bowel preparation adequacy in elderly patients for colonoscopy: development and validation of a web-based prediction tool.

Background: Adequate bowel preparation is crucial for effective colonoscopy, especially in elderly patients who face a high risk of inadequate preparation. This study develops and validates a machine learning model to predict bowel preparation adequacy in elderly patients before colonoscopy.

Methods: The study adhered to the TRIPOD AI guidelines.

Pan AMPK activation protects tubules in rat ischemic acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by an abrupt decline in kidney function and has been associated with excess risks of death, kidney disease progression, and cardiovascular events. The kidney has a high energetic demand with mitochondrial health being essential to renal function, and damaged mitochondria have been reported across AKI subtypes. 5' Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation preserves cellular energetics through improvement of mitochondrial function and biogenesis when ATP levels are low, such as under ischemia-induced AKI.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of White Matter Lesions in NOTCH2NLC-Related Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease.

Background And Objectives: -related neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a neurodegenerative disease with characteristic white matter lesions (WMLs) visible on MRI. However, the distribution of WMLs and their clinical correlations remain poorly understood in NIID. This study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of WMLs in the brain of patients with -related NIID.

Ganoderma lucidum spore oil attenuates acute liver injury by modulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota.

The incidence of acute liver injury is increasing and poses a significant threat to human health. Ganoderma lucidum spore oil (GLSO), a lipid substance extracted from Ganoderma lucidum spore powder using supercritical CO technology, has been investigated for its potential to prevent acute liver injury. However, the specific mechanism underlying the protective effects of GLSO remains incompletely understood.

Causal association between metabolites and age-related macular degeneration: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment in the elderly population. Accumulating evidence has revealed the possible association between metabolites and AMD. This study aimed to assess the effect of plasma metabolites on AMD and its two subtypes using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization approach.

Insights into mosquito-borne arbovirus receptors.

The increasing global prevalence of mosquito-borne viruses has emerged as a significant threat to human health and life. Identifying receptors for these viruses is crucial for improving our knowledge of viral pathogenesis and developing effective antiviral strategies. The widespread application of CRISPR-Cas9 screening have led to the discovery of many mosquito-borne virus receptors.

Analysis of the association between immune-related adverse events and the effectiveness in patients with advanced non-small-cell-lung cancer.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved lung cancer treatment but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study analyzes the relationship between irAEs and treatment effectiveness in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of NSCLC patients treated with ICIs from March 2019 to October 2022 at Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen).

Thioredoxin C of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 contributes to virulence by inducing antioxidative stress and inhibiting autophagy via the MSR1/PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in macrophages.

The thioredoxin (Trx) system plays a vital role in protecting against oxidative stress and ensures correct disulfide bonding to maintain protein function. Our previous research demonstrated that TrxA of Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 (SS2), a clinical strain from the lung of a diseased pig, contributes to virulence but is not involved in antioxidative stress. In this study, we identified another gene in the Trx family, TrxC, which encodes a protein of 104 amino acids with a CGDC active motif and 22.

Loss of ZNF408 attenuates STING-mediated immune surveillance in breast carcinogenesis.

Understanding the mechanism of cancer immune surveillance is crucial for precision medicine and effective immunotherapy. We report here that ZNF408, encoded by a gene linked to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP), is physically associated with the SETD1A/COMPASS complex mediating histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation in breast cancer cells. Integrative epigenomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal that ZNF408 and SETD1A share overlapped chromatin landscape and coordinately activate a cohort of genes, among which is critical in innate immune responses.

Bioactive components, pharmacological properties and underlying mechanism of spore oil: A review.

is a Chinese medicinal fungus with a long history of use in healthcare and disease treatment. spores (GLS) are tiny germ cells released from the mushroom cap during the mature stage of growth. They contain all the genetic active substances of .