Serine Grafted Silica Coated Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron with Enhanced Fenton-Like Degradation of Mixed Organic Solvents of Tributyl Phosphate and n-dodecane.

As global nuclear energy scales up, the annual output of low-to-medium-level radioactive tributyl phosphate (TBP) and n-dodecane organic solvents from spent fuel processing grows. To address this problem, the serine grafted silica coated nanoscale zero-valent iron (Ser-SiO@nZVI) is synthesized and used as a Fenton-like catalyst. Ser-SiO@nZVI is analyzed through various characterization techniques.

TRI-PLAN: A deep learning-based automated assessment framework for right heart assessment in transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement planning.

Background: Efficient and accurate preoperative assessment of the right-sided heart structural complex (RSHSc) is crucial for planning transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR). However, current manual methods remain time-consuming and inconsistent. To address this unmet clinical need, this study aimed to develop and validate TRI-PLAN, the first fully automated, deep learning (DL)-based framework for pre-TTVR assessment.

The effect of selected homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and feedstock properties on the formation of water soluble components during hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sewage sludge.

This study investigates the composition of aqueous phase (AP) from 24 HTL trials of two different municipal sewage sludge (MSS) samples, using homogeneous (NaCO, LiCO, KCO, Ba(OH)) and heterogeneous (FeO, CeO, NiO/MoO, MoS, Ni/NiO, SnO, FeS) catalysts. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to assess the influence of feedstock and catalyst on AP composition i.e.

Disordered Cu Sites in Amorphous CuTe Nanosheets Promote Electrocatalytic Acetylene Semi-hydrogenation.

Electrocatalytic acetylene semi-hydrogenation offers a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative to conventional thermocatalytic methods, yet remains challenged by competing side reactions, including hydrogen evolution, over-hydrogenation, and carbon-carbon coupling. Here, the transformation of 2D van der Waals crystalline CuTe nanosheets (c-CuTe NSs) into oxygen-doped amorphous analogues (a-CuTe NSs) via controlled air calcination is reported. The resulting a-CuTe NSs feature a disordered Cu coordination network and deliver an ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 91.

Raman Spectroscopy Reveals the Multifunctional Role of Interfacial Water in CO-to-C Electroreduction on Cu() Surfaces.

Interfacial water serves as both a proton donor and a competitor for active sites at the copper-catalyst interface in the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR). However, its precise impact on C product selectivity remains debatable. Here, through the utilization of Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, we have discovered that the population of K cation hydrated water (K-HO) rises concurrently with the increase of C yield on atomically flat model Cu() single crystal surfaces.

The Synergistic Reduction of the Contact Time in the Droplet Impact on a Moving Ridge Surface.

The contact time of the droplet impacting on solid surfaces can be markedly reduced by 40% to 50% by breaking the symmetric behaviors with the help of the surface structures and motion, which is crucial to diverse applications involving anti-icing, anti-erosion, self-cleaning, etc. Herein, it is interesting to note that the contact time can be further decreased up to 60% on a moving ridge surface because of corresponding synergy, inspired by flying insects or wind-dispersal seeds. In the present work, the synergistic mechanisms of the reduction in contact time have been revealed by analyzing the 3 basic features, called Leaf-type, Ear-type, and Butterfly-type, according to their morphological and dynamical behaviors.

Enhanced Thermopower by Asymmetric Doping of Sodium Chloride in Ionogels.

While ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) materials can exhibit high thermopower, most of them rely on the addition of a large amount of ionic liquids (IL). This study demonstrates significant improvements in the thermopower of ionogels composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride--hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIM:Cl) through the asymmetric doping of sodium chloride (NaCl). This improvement results from the coupling of the preintroduced ion concentration difference and temperature difference, which reduces the cation migration barrier in the direction of thermal diffusion, leading to significantly enhanced performance compared to symmetric doping.

Impacts of intermittent electrical stimulation on continuous electro-anaerobic digestion from wastewater: performance and multi-omics insights.

The recently reported electro-anaerobic digestion with intermittent electrical stimulation (IEAD) offers new opportunities for renewable energy storage. However, the mechanistic insights and resilience of long-term continuous and stable IEAD are still yet to be better understood. This study lasted up to 155 days of continuous operation of IEAD in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket bioreactors to evaluate the long-term effects of different intermittent power periods on IEAD performance.

Hybrid advanced oxidation process for rapid ciprofloxacin removal: coupling hydrodynamic cavitation with UV/HO.

In this study, an innovative integration of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and hydrogen peroxide (HO) was employed to effectively degrade ciprofloxacin (CIP), a representative antibiotic, in a 12-litre treatment system. The study systematically investigated the cavitation characteristics, synergistic interactions, and the influence of key operating parameters (inlet pressure, initial solution pH, HO concentration, and initial CIP concentration) on the performance of the HC/UV/HO system. Additionally, the potential degradation mechanism, practical applicability, and economic feasibility of the integrated process were thoroughly evaluated.

Optimizing CaO-based CO adsorption: Impact of operating parameters.

CaO-based adsorbents present a promising approach for industrial CO emissions reduction. This study systematically investigates the influence of adsorption temperature, adsorbent mass, CO concentration, and flow rate on CO capture efficiency using commercial CaO via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Optimal adsorption performance, achieving a capacity of 0.

Sulfur-based thermally regenerative cascade batteries enabling dual electrochemical reactions for enhanced power generation.

A thermally regenerative cascade battery (TRCB) coupling a CuS/S redox process with a Cu/Cu redox reaction is proposed. The CuS participates in energy conversion and promotes the Cu/Cu redox reaction, achieving a power density of 14.2 mW cm.

Investigation of cavity rotor tips on the flow field of a low-speed turbine under different conditions.

Recent research has shown that cavity tips can mitigate turbine tip leakage flow (TLF) and related losses. However, few studies have described their performance in rotating test rigs, concentrating solely on design conditions and disregarding off-design conditions under which turbomachinery operate. Therefore, this study examines the effects of rotor cavity tips on the aerodynamic performance of a 1.

N-doped mesoporous carbon spheres/Pt-Pd nanocomposite-based amperometric biosensors for sensitive hydrogen peroxide and glucose detection in beverages and fruit juices.

Accurate glucose detection in beverages and fruit juices is crucial for quality control and dietary management, particularly for individuals with diabetes. However, there remains a need for simple and highly sensitive glucose detection methods in complex juice matrices. In this work, a N-doped mesoporous carbon spheres (N-MCS)/platinum (Pt)-palladium (Pd) nanocomposite with good analytical performance has been synthesized through a facile one-step reduction method.

Electric Field-Guided Ion Orchestration for Multi-Chemistry Zinc Metal Batteries.

While nonaqueous cosolvents alleviate hydrogen evolution reaction and dendritic growth in aqueous zinc (Zn) metal batteries (ZMBs), persistent HO activity at Zn|electrolyte interfaces originating from unregulated ion distribution leads to premature failure. Here, an electric field-guided ion orchestration (EF-IO) strategy is proposed, leveraging cation interfacial modifiers to reconfigure electric double layers (EDLs) and solvation configurations. Interfacial simulations combined with experimental investigations verify that the ion-orchestrated-EDL synergistically diversifies Zn/Na solvation configurations and homogenizes localized electric fields, thereby forming an organic-inorganic gradient solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that suppresses parasitic reactions.

Electrochemical Alkyne Semi-Hydrogenation via Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer on Cu(111) Surface.

Electrocatalytic alkyne semi-hydrogenation (EASH) powered by renewable electricity using water as a hydrogen donor provides a sustainable alternative to conventional thermocatalysis. However, the current EASH systems predominantly follow hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathways, which are prone to over-hydrogenation and at the same time compete with the hydrogen evolution reaction. In this work, we report a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism enabled on Cu(111) surface for highly efficient and selective EASH.

Mechanistic insights into the evolution of microscopic molecular structures of bituminous coal and lignite during carbonization: a ReaxFF molecular dynamics study.

Context: The development of the carbon network in coal during carbonization significantly affects the quality of the resulting coke. A detailed understanding of the atomic-scale mechanisms governing coal carbonization is crucial for optimizing the coking process. This research employed ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations to examine the carbonization processes of two coal types: bituminous coal and lignite.

Mass correction approach to reduce the droplet spontaneous shrinkage in free-energy-based lattice Boltzmann method.

The free-energy-based lattice Boltzmann method has emerged as a reliable tool for simulating multiphase flows, but its application to small droplet interactions with surrounding flows is hindered by the issue of spontaneous droplet shrinkage. In contrast to previous analyses based on phase-field theory, we investigate spontaneous droplet shrinkage within the framework of the lattice Boltzmann equation for a free-energy-based model and identify that local density continues to evolve even after the system reaches equilibrium. To address this undesired density evolution, we introduce a mass correction formulated as a Laplacian term, ensuring that local mass conservation is improved without sabotaging global mass conservation.

Turbulent-nonturbulent interfaces in spatially developing compressible turbulent boundary layers.

An investigation of the characteristics of the turbulent-nonturbulent interface (TNTI) in spatially developing compressible turbulent boundary layers is performed by using a direct numerical simulation. The mean thicknesses of the TNTI layer δ_{TNTI} is approximately 13η_{ref} (η_{ref} is the Kolmogorov scale taken from a location of 0.3δ_{ref} from the outer edge of the TNTI layer, where δ_{ref} is the nominal thickness of the boundary layer) and the two components of the TNTI layer, viscous superlayer δ_{VSL} and turbulent sublayer δ_{TSL}, are approximately 3.

Revealing the origin of high N selectivity in NH oxidation over copper-based acid catalysts via solid precursors surface modulation.

The heterogeneity (acid sites) and stability (redox sites) of metal loss on metal-acid catalyst surfaces are the fundamental factors for the "trade-off" effect between activity and selectivity in the catalytic process with NH as the activation precursor. However, the molecular-level impact of these surface characteristics on catalytic performance remains unclear and contentious. Herein, we propose a straightforward decomposition temperature control method, which operates below the single-layer dispersion threshold of solid sulfate/nitrate precursors.

Vapour bubbles produced by long-pulsed laser: a race between advection and phase transition.

Vapor bubbles produced by long-pulsed laser often have complex non-spherical shapes that reflect some characteristics of the laser beam. The transition between two commonly observed shapes - namely, a rounded pear-like shape and an elongated conical shape - is studied using a new computational model that combines compressible multiphase fluid dynamics with laser radiation and phase transition. Two laboratory experiments are simulated, in which Holmium:YAG and Thulium fiber lasers are used respectively to generate bubbles of different shapes.

Multiphase NiCoFe-Based LDH for Electrocatalytic Sulfion Oxidation Reaction Assisting Efficient Hydrogen Production.

Sulfion oxidation reaction (SOR) has great potential in replacing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and boosting highly efficient hydrogen evolution. The development of highly active and stable SOR electrocatalysts is crucial for assisting hydrogen production with low energy consumption. In this work, multiphase NiCoFe-based layered double hydroxide (namely NiCoFe-LDH) has been synthesized via a facile seed-assisted heterogeneous nucleation method.

Controlled Growth of Graphene-Skinned AlO Powders by Fluidized Bed-Chemical Vapor Deposition for Heat Dissipation.

The growing demand for high-performance chips, driven by digitalization and intelligence advancements, is accompanied by rising power consumption, highlighting the critical need for efficient thermal management in electronics. Graphene and its composites, characterized by their exceptional thermal conductivity, hold a distinctive position in this domain. The controlled synthesis of high-quality multilayer graphene composites, however, remains a significant challenge, hindering the full utilization of graphene's exceptional thermal conductivity.

Recent progress and advances of high-entropy polyanionic cathodes in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries.

In recent years, research on lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery cathodes has advanced rapidly, with materials categorized into layered oxides, polyanionics, and Prussian blue analogues. Polyanionic cathodes stand out for sodium-ion batteries due to their structural stability, safety, and long cycle life, but face challenges in phase transition and property optimization. High-entropy doping has emerged as a key strategy to enhance their electrochemical performance.

Current Status of Grain Drying Technology and Equipment Development: A Review.

Grain drying technology is a core process for ensuring food quality, extending storage life, and improving processing adaptability. With the continuous growth of global food demand and the increasing requirements for food quality and energy efficiency, traditional drying technologies face multiple challenges. This paper reviews six major grain drying technologies, comprising hot air drying, microwave drying, infrared drying, freeze drying, vacuum drying, and solar drying.

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon-Coated SnO/Sn Nanocomposites by Supercritical Hydrothermal Synthesis as Advanced Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The SnO anode has a significant volume expansion and low conductivity for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which seriously hinder its commercial application in LIBs. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate the design and preparation methods and synthesize high-performance SnO-based nanocomposite anode materials. For this purpose, we report the preparation of SnO/Sn and nitrogen-doped carbon (SnO/Sn@N-C) composite materials for LIB electrodes via supercritical hydrothermal synthesis and the hydrothermal method.