Contrasting evolutionary trajectories of terrestrial vertebrates in the Hengduan Mountains hotspot.

The Hengduan Mountains (HDM) harbor the richest temperate diversity in the Northern Hemisphere, yet our understanding of how this exceptionally diverse biota evolved remains obscure. Large-scale historical biogeographic analyses of 851 terrestrial vertebrate species and their relatives (totaling 4862 species) reveal that multiple evolutionary pathways formed this biodiversity hotspot. Whereas speciation dominates in amphibians and non-avian reptiles, near-equal speciation and colonization occurs in mammals, and colonization happens primarily in birds.

Extracellular organic matter-mediated self-regulation of indigenous Rhodococcus sp. enhances PCB biodegradation under environmental stress: Self-recovery strategy for sustained bioremediation.

The bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in contaminated environments is often impeded by microbial dormancy induced by environmental stressors. Effective reactivation of functional microbial populations is therefore critical for successful bioremediation. In this study, Rhodococcus sp.

Electro-fermentation driven detoxification of furfural to methane.

Anaerobic digestion of pretreated lignocellulosic hydrolysates valorizes biowaste into biomethane; however, the inherent inhibitory by-products severely suppress microbial metabolism. Electro-fermentation offers a promising strategy to simultaneously address the challenges of furfural detoxification and carbon recovery. Herein, we report the effect of externally applied voltages (0.

Diagnostic utility and clinical relevance of anti-MCV and anti-CCP antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune disorder where serological biomarkers play a crucial role in diagnosis and monitoring disease activity. Antibodies targeting cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP), mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV), and rheumatoid factor are commonly used serological markers for RA. However, their respective diagnostic efficacies and potential for mutual complementation remain incompletely understood.

Gas detection based on a mid-infrared super-pixel multi-spectral imaging device.

Gas detection is an important application area in industry. The detection of plays a crucial role in environmental protection. However, the primary challenges in achieving atmospheric and other detection of other gases revolve around developing instrumentation featuring a broad detection range, heightened sensitivity, and dynamic real-time capabilities.

Upregulation of Linc00960 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by regulating hsa-miR-107/CDK6 axis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the most common gastrointestinal malignancy, has incompletely understood underlying developmental mechanisms. LincRNA, a subclass of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs), is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple cancers, including CRC. In this study, qPCR analysis revealed that Linc00960 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues and correlated with poor patient prognosis.

Impacts of intermittent electrical stimulation on continuous electro-anaerobic digestion from wastewater: performance and multi-omics insights.

The recently reported electro-anaerobic digestion with intermittent electrical stimulation (IEAD) offers new opportunities for renewable energy storage. However, the mechanistic insights and resilience of long-term continuous and stable IEAD are still yet to be better understood. This study lasted up to 155 days of continuous operation of IEAD in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket bioreactors to evaluate the long-term effects of different intermittent power periods on IEAD performance.

Inhibition of Linc00284 Enhances Radiosensitivity in Colorectal Cancer Through miR-559/c-Myc Axis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), the most prevalent malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, is commonly treated with radiotherapy; however, radioresistance often leads to poor prognosis. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (LincRNAs), a subclass of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including CRC, as well as in modulating radiosensitivity. In this study, qPCR analysis revealed that Linc00284 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC cells following radiotherapy, and its expression level was correlated with patient radiosensitivity.

Emulating real-world GLP-1 efficacy in type 2 diabetes through causal learning and virtual patients.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remain the benchmark for assessing treatment effects but are limited to phenotypically narrow populations by design. We introduce a novel generative artificial intelligence (AI) driven emulation method that infers effect size through virtual clinical trials, which can emulate the RCT process and potentially extrapolate into wider populations. We validate the virtual trials by comparing the predicted impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists on HbA1c in type-2 diabetes (T2DM) with its true efficacy established in the LEAD-5 trial.

Freezing-Activated Oxidation with Nitrite and HO for Efficient Waste Activated Sludge Solubilization and Filterability.

Nitrite-based pretreatment has been demonstrated to effectively improve waste activated sludge (WAS) solubilization. In this study, a freezing-activated oxidation method incorporating both nitrite and HO was investigated, demonstrating significantly improved performance. At an optimal nitrite-to-HO molar ratio of 1:1, the release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased markedly from 38.

Significantly Large Negative Ion Formation in Grazing Scattering of Neutral Deuterium and Tritium Atoms from a CsI(100) Surface.

We present the theoretical evidence of the formation of significantly large fractions of negative ions during grazing scattering of deuterium (D) and tritium (T) atoms from a CsI(100) surface. The negative ion conversion efficiency increases to an impressive ≥50%, and the maximum value even reaches 86% and 82% within projectile velocity ranges of ∈ [0.15,0.

Resveratrol targets mitochondrial USP36-SOD2 to induce autophagy-ferroptosis and inhibit gastric cancer progression.

Background: Gastric cancer is an aggressive malignancy with high metastatic potential, limiting effective treatments. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, exhibits anti-cancer properties by modulating mitochondrial function and inducing programmed cell death (PCD) pathways. However, its role in mitochondrial disruption and the regulation of deubiquitination remains unclear.

Nr4a1 modulates inflammation and heart regeneration in zebrafish.

Recent findings have highlighted the complex role of inflammation in zebrafish heart regeneration, demonstrating that although inflammation is essential for initiating transient fibrosis and tissue repair, chronic inflammation, and unresolved fibrosis, could impede full regenerative recovery. In this study, we identified the nuclear receptor Nr4a1 as a crucial regulator of this regenerative process in zebrafish. Loss of Nr4a1 function led to a prolonged and excessive inflammatory response, disrupted neutrophil migration, delayed fibrin clearance, and ultimately impaired heart regeneration.

Diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer with a novel circulating tumor cells enrichment device.

Aims: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are a critical biomarker for cancer evaluation. The more excellent detection system for CTCs is in demand.

Patients & Methods: One hundred and thirty-seven breast cancer patients, 97 patients with benign breast diseases, and 42 healthy volunteers were enrolled.

Non-canonical PRC1.1 licenses transcriptional response to enable Treg plasticity in immune adaptation.

Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) sustain regulatory T (Treg) cell identity through transcriptional silencing, yet their role in modulating Treg functional plasticity during immune adaptation remains unclear. Here, we identify KDM2B, a defining component of non-canonical PRC1.1, as a critical regulator for sustaining the proportion and immunosuppressive functions of active Treg (aTreg) cells without altering Treg abundance or identity.

Analysis of the Evolutionary Process of Spatial Microdamage Propagation in Silicon Nitride Bearings Using Deep Learning-Driven Molecular Dynamics.

To reveal the dynamic evolution mechanism of spatial microdamage on the surface of silicon nitride bearings, this study proposes a molecular dynamics modeling method based on 3D point cloud reconstruction and a machine learning potential function. A high-precision simulation framework for the dynamic evolution of silicon nitride microdamage is constructed by fusing three-dimensional morphological reconstruction of spatial microdamage point cloud data with a deep potential atomic interaction model. The simulation results show that during indentation loading, the initial microdamage is in a latent period before the critical depth and then dislocation slip and amorphization synergistically trigger the damage extension.

Antimicrobial efficacy of viridicatol derived from P. crustosum S14 against MRSA: Mechanistic insights from a comprehensive multi-omics analysis.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a formidable challenge to public health, necessitating alternative strategies to address the superbug-related infections. This study systematically evaluates the antibacterial efficacy of Viridicatol, a compound isolated from the fermentation products of Penicillium crustosum derived from marine. Special emphasis was placed on its potent activity against MRSA USA300.

RAGATH-Associated DNA Nuclease Assisted DNA Insertion in .

serves as a key microbial chassis for the industrial production of feed and food ingredients. While long DNA fragment insertion technologies have advanced strain engineering capabilities, previous approaches such as utilizing a chromosome-integrated Cas9-RecET system were constrained by a maximum insertion fragment size of 7.5 kb.

Malignant gastric glomus tumor with heterochronous liver metastases: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Glomus tumors are mesenchymal tumors originating from the neuromuscular arterial canal or vascular lumen. While most gastric glomus tumors are benign and solitary, rare cases can be malignant and have a poor prognosis. Definitive treatment options remain limited for multifocal metastases, often necessitating salvage therapy.

[Application of electrical impedance tomography in diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary diseases].

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a new non-invasive functional imaging technology, which has the advantages of non-invasion, non-radiation, low cost, fast response, portability and visualization. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that EIT has great potential in the detection of lung diseases and has been applied to early diagnosis and treatment of some diseases. This paper introduced the basic principle of EIT, discussed the research and clinical application of EIT in the detection of acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumothorax and pulmonary embolism, and focused on the summary and introduction of indicators and functional images of EIT related to the detection of lung diseases.

Diagnostic accuracy of vaginal combined with abdominal color Doppler ultrasonography for ovarian cyst torsion.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of combined vaginal and abdominal color Doppler ultrasonography for ovarian cyst torsion.

Methods: In a cross-sectional diagnostic study from January 2019 to October 2023, 86 patients suspected of ovarian cyst torsion were assessed using vaginal and abdominal ultrasonography. Pathological findings were the gold standard.

Black Carbon Formation at Cold Seeps and Its Potential Contribution to the Marine Black Carbon Budget.

The long-term carbon sequestration capacity of black carbon (BC) is among the factors controlling climate change dynamics. Culture experiments have revealed that anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) can produce BC, but their impact on the marine BC cycle has not been thoroughly investigated. This study examined the geochemical properties of BC preserved in seep carbonates from the South China Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.

The mechanisms and effects of lactylation modification in different kinds of cancers.

Lactylation, a recently identified post-translational modification, has garnered significant attention for its associations with various diseases, particularly its critical role in tumor progression and treatment. It is emerging as a potential clinical target. The elevated metabolic activity of cancer cells often leads to excessive lactate accumulation, a phenomenon termed the "Warburg effect", which is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment.