Unveiling key aroma compounds formation during the roasting process of Yunnan Arabica coffee using molecular sensory science approaches.

Yunnan coffee is praised for the sweet caramel aroma and slightly sour taste, but its key flavor compounds and aroma formation mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the dynamic changes of coffee aroma, amino acids, free fatty acids, free sugars, chlorogenic acids and caffeine at different roasting degrees were investigated by SAFE-GC-MS and HPLC. Roasted coffees exhibited richer flavor profiles, especially caramel, nutty and roasted flavors, while the grassy, cereal and beany flavors of green beans (GB) were significantly diminished.

Hyperactivity of subicular parvalbumin interneurons drives early amyloid pathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease.

Atrophy of the subiculum is the earliest hippocampal anatomical marker of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is closely associated with early cognitive decline. However, the underlying mechanisms driving this vulnerability remain unclear. In this study, using the 5×FAD mouse model, we identified significant amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation in the subiculum during the early stages of AD.

Image-based mandibular and maxillary parcellation and annotation using computed tomography (IMPACT): a deep learning-based clinical tool for orodental dose estimation and osteoradionecrosis assessment.

Background And Purpose: Accurate delineation of orodental structures on radiotherapy computed tomography (CT) images is essential for dosimetric assessment and dental decisions. We propose a deep-learning (DL) auto-segmentation framework for individual teeth and mandible/maxilla sub-volumes aligned with the ClinRad osteoradionecrosis staging system.

Materials And Methods: Mandible and maxilla sub-volumes were manually defined on simulation CT images from 60 clinical cases, differentiating alveolar from basal regions; teeth were labelled individually.

Kueselia aquadivae gen. nov., sp. nov., the first member of the family Isosphaeraceae isolated from subsurface percolates.

Subsurface habitats, found under various geological conditions, exhibit diverse microbial communities. The vadose zone, a previously unexplored subsurface compartment, connects the surface to phreatic groundwater. Drilling into the subsurface allows access to these habitats for microbial diversity study.

Two-part model for ventilator-free days in a cluster randomized cross-over clinical trial.

Background: Ventilator-free days, which combine mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation into a single measure, are often considered as a primary endpoint in clinical trials involving critically ill patients. Despite the composite nature, ventilator-free days are commonly analyzed as continuous or count data with no distinction between a zero score from a patient who dies and a zero score from a patient who is alive but still on ventilator. In this study, we propose a two-part statistical model to compare the effects of two airway management strategies on mortality and duration of mechanical ventilation among patients with out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest in a cluster randomized cross-over clinical trial.

Exploring the Biosynthetic Potential of Microorganisms from the South China Sea Cold Seep Using Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Approaches.

Cold seep ecosystems harbor unique microbial communities with potential for producing secondary metabolites. However, the metabolic potential of cold seep microorganisms in the South China Sea remains under-recognized. This study employed both culture-dependent and culture-independent approaches, including 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics, to investigate microbial communities and their potential for secondary metabolite production in the South China Sea cold seep.

Hybrid Ag nanocone-AlO/Si nanopillar periodic array for broadband anti-reflection.

In this paper, a periodic array of Ag nanocones and AlO/Si nanopillars (AgNCs-AlO/SiNPs) deposited on a semiconductor substrate is designed, and their anti-reflection property is investigated systematically using the finite difference time domain method (FDTD). The obtained results show that the designed structure achieves a weighted reflectance as low as 1.99% over a broad spectral range of 400-1100 nm.

Efficacy and safety of two tip flexible suctioning ureteral access sheaths combined with a 7.5Fr flexible ureteroscope: a retrospective study.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of two tip-flexible suctioning ureteral access sheaths (TFS-UAS), 12/14Fr (Group A) and 10/12Fr (Group B), combined with a 7.5Fr flexible ureteroscope (f-URS) for treating upper ureteral and renal stones.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 168 patients undergoing retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) was conducted.

Clinical observation of transurethral reconstruction of urethral meatus and navicularis fossa short strictures with annular inlay oral mucosa graft urethroplasty.

Objective: This study aims to explore the clinical efficacy and safety of a urethroplasty technique for fossa navicularis (FN) strictures using a transurethral annular inlay oral mucosa graft.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from patients with urethral meatus and navicular fossa stricture who underwent transurethral reconstruction using annular inlay oral mucosa graft urethroplasty in Tangdu Hospital from July 2021 to October 2024. Operation success was defined as the ability to pass the F24 urethral probe, and the secondary outcome is the urinary flow rate and patient satisfaction at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.

RUNX1 Is an Independent Prognostic Marker Involved in Immune Infiltration and Therapeutic Responses in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Through Cluster Regulation With RUNX2.

Background: Immunomodulation is an important factor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) carcinogenesis and the treatment outcome of ccRCC patients. Understanding of the roles of the immune-related Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family genes in ccRCC remains controversial, and the mechanisms underlying their cluster regulation and immunomodulatory effects still need to be further investigated.

Methods: The "limma" package was used for differential gene expression analysis of TCGA and GEO data, and the "clusterProfiler" package was used for GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of coexpressed and differentially expressed genes.

Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of a case with trisomy 20 mosaicism and mixed-type maternal UPD20.

Background: To genetically analyze a prenatal specimen exhibiting mosaic 20q11.2 microdeletion syndrome with uniparental disomy of chromosome 20 (UPD20). The aim is to summarize the symptoms and prognosis of fetuses with this condition and provide guidance for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in similar cases.

Multi-focal plane near-eye display integrating polarizing beam splitters and liquid crystal variable retarder.

With the rapid development of near-eye display (NED) technology, it has become a key device connecting the virtual world, widely used in various industries. However, most commercial NED systems have a limitation: they provide only a fixed virtual image distance, which restricts their performance in 3D visual effects and can lead to visual issues such as vergence-accommodation conflict. To address this issue, an augmented reality NED system was designed by integrating a liquid crystal variable retarder and polarizing beam splitter prisms in combination with freeform prisms.

Polarization- and angle-insensitive frequency-tunable metasurface absorber with multi-tailoring modes.

The active metasurface absorbers that can regulate the microwave absorption frequencies provide a possibility to construct an intelligent stealth system, which has attracted a great deal of attention. Despite significant progress, achieving dual-band dynamic absorption with a wide tuning range when the profile is extremely thin is still a challenging task. Here, we propose a dual-band tunable ultra-thin metasurface absorber with polarization- and angle-insensitivity.

Optimization, analysis, and thermal performance enhancement of the cooling flow channel for a condenser mirror.

Condenser mirrors with the ellipsoidal surface type are widely used in laser illuminating systems. Nonetheless, thermal absorption in optical components is unavoidable because of high-energy lasers, leading to a decline in surface shape accuracy. In extreme instances, this can shorten the operational longevity or impair the system's focusing capabilities.

Theoretical and experimental study on PRBS time-domain characteristic effects: stimulated Brillouin scattering in silica-based optical fiber.

In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally investigate the impact of pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) time-domain characteristics on the properties of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in silica-based optical fiber. It is shown that, when PRBS-modulated injection lasers at the front end in optical fibers reach the SBS threshold, the SBS-induced Stokes light exhibits periodic temporal variations accompanied by high-intensity pulses. By using numerical simulations and experimental validations based on three-wave coupling equations and a fiber laser platform, we demonstrate that the temporal instability in backward light stems from the inherent dwell time of PRBS.

A Minimally Invasive Double Live-Knot Technique for Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Modeling in Rats.

The myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) model is of great significance in exploring the pathophysiological mechanisms of myocardial infarction and facilitating the development of relevant drugs. However, among the commonly used modeling methods, the traditional polyethylene-tube-assisted coronary artery ligation method has significant drawbacks. It requires reopening the chest to untie the ligature, which is not only time-consuming but also causes substantial damage to the experimental animals and can easily lead to their death.

Does the effectiveness of advanced airway management depend on initial cardiac arrest rhythm? A secondary analysis of the pragmatic airway resuscitation trial.

Background: Over 70% of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) present with a non-shockable initial rhythm, asystole or pulseless electrical activity (PEA), which is associated with lower survival than a shockable initial rhythm. Advanced airway management and oxygen delivery are important OHCA interventions, but their impact based on different presenting rhythm groups are incompletely defined. Our objective was to determine if advanced airway strategy is associated with outcomes in shockable, PEA and asystolic OHCA.

Activation of peroxymonosulfate for enhanced antibiotic removal using OVs-CoO/FeO: Synergistic modulation of heterostructure and oxygen vacancy.

To broaden the applicability of permonosulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PMS-AOPs) for promising new pollutants removal, challenges such as limited active site exposure and rate-limiting steps in metal redox cycling should be well addressed. In this work, oxygen vacancies (OVs)-rich CoO/FeO (1:1) with heterostructures was designed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for tetracycline (TC) degradation. It was found that the heterostructured CoO/FeO (1:1) achieved a TC degradation efficiency of 99.

Virtual brain twins for stimulation in epilepsy.

Estimating the epileptogenic zone network (EZN) is an important part of the diagnosis of drug-resistant focal epilepsy and has a pivotal role in treatment and intervention. Virtual brain twins provide a modeling method for personalized diagnosis and treatment. They integrate patient-specific brain topography with structural connectivity from anatomical neuroimaging such as magnetic resonance imaging, and dynamic activity from functional recordings such as electroencephalography (EEG) and stereo-EEG (SEEG).

Complete Upper Body Bar Enhances Strength Training During Bench Press.

Unlabelled: Barbell (BB) and dumbbell (DB) devices are commonly used during a bench press to develop the muscles of the chest, shoulders, and upper arms. Recently, a complete upper body bar (CUBB) was designed to train the muscles of the forearm by allowing for pronation and supination while providing the same traditional training for the rest of the upper body. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the CUBB relating to the EMG activity of the forearm during a bench press.

Trauma resuscitation with Low-Titer Group O Whole Blood Or Products: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial (the TROOP trial).

Background: Hemorrhage is the most common cause of potentially preventable death after injury. Balanced transfusion with red blood cells, plasma, and platelets (component therapy, CT) has been shown to reduce mortality, and is the standard of care. Low-Titer Group O Whole Blood (LTOWB) is an attractive alternative to CT, but existing evidence comprises observational studies, and a small single center pilot randomized controlled trial, which evaluated a type of whole blood that is no longer in use.

Gallic Acid and Vitamin C Mitigate Histopathological Changes in the Retina by Attenuating Dyslipidemia and Mitigating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in the Eyes of Type 2 Diabetic Rats Induced With Fructose/Streptozotocin.

The result of combined supplementation of gallic acid and vitamin C on histopathological changes in the retina of type 2 diabetic rats induced with fructose and streptozotocin (STZ) was studied. Albino male rats (numbering 25) were assigned into five groups of five rats each as follows: Normal control and diabetic control (non-diabetic and diabetic rats given rat feeds and water); diabetic + gallic acid (diabetic rats given gallic acid, 20 mg/kg, orally), diabetic + vitamin C (diabetic rats given vitamin C, 25 mg/kg, orally), diabetic + gallic acid + vitamin C (diabetic rats given gallic acid, 20 mg/kg and vitamin C, 25 mg/kg, orally). The study lasted for 10 weeks.

Two Transcriptional Factors Antagonistically Fine-Tune MIR1863a to Balance Resistance and Yield Traits in Rice.

Immune activation usually trades off growth, leading to yield loss. Genes that coordinate resistance and yield are urgently required for crop improvement. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) provide rich candidates for coordinating resistance with yield.

Knocked-Out Protein Disulfide Isomerase Decreases Silk Yields and Mechanical Properties by Affecting the Post-Translational Modification of Silk Proteins.

Silkworms synthesize and secrete silk to produce cocoons, which are excellent materials for textile and biomaterial manufacturing applications. However, the gene regulation associated with the post-translational modification of silk proteins remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed the physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, and expression patterns of in silkworms.