Viroporins: emerging viral infection mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Viroporins, virus-encoded small hydrophobic proteins, are involved in critical steps of viral infections by modulating ion homeostasis, disrupting host membrane integrity, and orchestrating key stages of the virus life cycle-from entry and replication to release. Beyond facilitating viral propagation, these pore-forming proteins exacerbate pathogenesis by disrupting cellular ion homeostasis and triggering proinflammatory responses through NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Their dual role in viral fitness and immunopathology positions viroporins as promising antiviral targets for dual-action therapeutics: suppressing replication while attenuating inflammation.

Transcriptomics assisted by metabolomics analysis provides insights into regulation mechanisms during carcinogenic process in a hydrodynamically transfected liver cancer model.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks among the most prevalent malignancies with a substantial mortality rate, and its pathogenesis is relatively complex. Animal models provide valuable tools for exploring the causes and mechanisms of malignancy. This study uses a novel hydrodynamic transfection mouse model to investigate the changes in key genes and metabolites during the development of HCC.

LiPO-enriched solid electrolyte interphase on Si-based anode for enhanced Li transport and interfacial stability in lithium batteries.

The structure and composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) exerts a significant influence on the fast-charging capability and stability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, elucidating the design principles governing anode interfacial structures and revealing the kinetics and mechanisms of Li transport remain challenging. SEI layer.

Polarization- and angle-insensitive frequency-tunable metasurface absorber with multi-tailoring modes.

The active metasurface absorbers that can regulate the microwave absorption frequencies provide a possibility to construct an intelligent stealth system, which has attracted a great deal of attention. Despite significant progress, achieving dual-band dynamic absorption with a wide tuning range when the profile is extremely thin is still a challenging task. Here, we propose a dual-band tunable ultra-thin metasurface absorber with polarization- and angle-insensitivity.

Reconfigurable metasurfaces to realize BB84 protocol for wireless quantum communication.

Metasurfaces showcase unique abilities to arbitrarily manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic (EM) waves, facilitating their application in wireless communication. In the propagation of EM waves, traditional methods cause severe security concerns in channel/deciphering under eavesdropping. Fortunately, quantum communication, based on quantum key distribution (QKD) of the BB84 protocol, endows the transmission with high security.

Short-chain fatty acids: key antiviral mediators of gut microbiota.

The effects of gut microbiota on antiviral immunity have been well-documented in recent years, whereas a mechanistic understanding of microbiota-derived metabolite-related signaling pathways is still lacking. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), key metabolites produced by gut bacterial microbiota dietary fiber fermentation and amino acid metabolism, have been shown to facilitate host antiviral responses. In this review, we summarized the detailed mechanisms which could contribute to the regulation of antiviral immunity engaged and initiated by SCFAs, involving G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated, histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated, and metabolic pathways.

A dual-network structure enables synergistic improvement in strength and toughness for nanocellulose-modified UV-cured waterborne polyurethane wood coating.

The UV crosslinking technology for waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coatings integrates the environmental benefits of WPU with the superior performance characteristics of solvent-based polyurethanes, including rapid film-forming ability, exceptional mechanical properties, and superior chemical resistance. However, attaining an optimal balance between mechanical strength and toughness remains a critical challenge. To address this limitation, the present study proposes a multi-scale interface engineering strategy featuring synergistic design at molecular and structural scales.

Computational exploration and molecular dynamics simulations for investigating the potential inhibitory mechanism of amantadine on the ion channel activity of bovine viral diarrhea virus p7.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) p7 functions as a viroporin for the ion balance and membrane permeabilization. Blocking the function of the viroporin is a promising strategy for the treatment of viral infection. Previous studies have demonstrated that the antiviral drug amantadine inhibits BVDV replication by inhibiting BVDV p7 activity.

Aminated Graphite-Reinforced MnO Anode Interfacial Interaction via Mn-N-C Bonds for Enhanced Lithium-Ion Storage Performance.

Constructing strong interfacial interactions between the carbon coating layer and the MnO anode is highly desirable for enhancing its structural stability and electronic conductivity. Herein, an aminated graphite/MnO composite (MnO@300NG) with a strong Mn-N-C heterointerface has been designed via coupling hydrothermal self-assembly with a calcination strategy. This stable structure can fully expose more Li-ion storage active sites and accelerate the charge transfer rate and Li-ion diffusion kinetics.

Vapor-phase fluorination to regulating oxygen content of silicon anode materials.

SiO is a high-potential candidate material for silicon (Si) derived anodes, owing to its high specific capacity and commendable cycling performance. However, the irreversible formation of phases during lithiation results in low Initial Coulombic Efficiency (ICE). In this work, the Si/C composite (Si@FC) with a fluorine (F) -doped bilayer structure is synthesized via "Vapor-Phase Fluorination" using Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a source of fluorine and carbon.

Intermolecular Interaction Adjustment for LiNO Solubility Promotion toward High-Performance Li||NCM811 Batteries.

Incorporating lithium nitrate (LiNO) as a film-forming additive into carbonate-based electrolytes presents a promising strategy to enhance the stability of high-energy-density Li||NCM811 batteries. However, the small size of Li and the high donor number (DN) of NO hinder the dissociation of LiNO, and its limited solubility (<800 ppm) in carbonate-based electrolytes poses significant challenges for practical application. To address this issue, we propose a "Small-Sized Carrier" strategy that enhances the solubility of LiNO in carbonate solvents by modulating the intermolecular interactions within the solvent system.

Dynamic redistribution of AMPA receptors toward memory-related neuronal ensembles in mice barrel cortex during sensory learning.

Understanding the dynamic processes of sensory learning and memory is essential for comprehending cognitive function. How neurons undergo synaptic changes at the receptor level in vivo to form a memory engram remains unclear. Here, we employed a genetic approach and identified memory-related (Robust Activity Marking [RAM+]) neuronal ensembles in the barrel cortex following a sensory detection task.

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene-Supported Straw-Like CoSe for Rapid and Stable Sodium-Ion Storage.

Cobalt diselenide (CoSe) materials exhibit significant potential in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their high theoretical specific capacity and excellent cycling stability. However, the conductivity and volume expansion of CoSe limit its rate performance and cycling stability. Herein, a nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) supported straw-like CoSe anode material (CoSe/N-rGO) is synthesized via a hydrothermal method.

Pachymic acid alleviates secondary lymphedema through the modulation of EETs level and the inhibition of lymphatic fibrosis.

Objective: This study evaluated the lymphangiogenesis-promoting and antifibrotic effects of PA, a natural component derived from Poria cocos, and to explore its mechanisms to mitigate lymphedema progression.

Methods: Tubule formation, spheroid sprouting, cell scratch and transwell assays approaches were used to assess the effects of TGF-β1 and PA on LECs tube formation and migratory capacity. A lymphedema tail loop mouse model was constructed, with tail volume measurements, H&E staining, Masson staining, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting to compare fibrosis and lymphatic vessel neogenesis under PA-treated and untreated conditions.

Global, regional, and national burden of neonatal diseases attributable to particulate matter pollution from 1990 to 2021.

Background: The impact of particulate matter pollution (PMP) on neonatal health has garnered growing public attention. However, the global burden of PMP-related neonatal diseases remains insufficiently characterized. This study aimed to evaluate the current burden and temporal trends (1990-2021) of PMP-related neonatal diseases.

Insight into Y Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Alloy.

This paper investigates the effects of Y content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Gd-Y-0.5Zr alloys. The mechanical properties, together with the grain size, first increase and then decrease, exhibiting a non-monotonous change with the increase in Y content.

Anti-pA137R antibodies exacerbate the pathogenicity of African swine fever virus in pigs.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious disease with a mortality of up to 100% in pigs. Currently, no safe and effective vaccines are available globally, except for two licensed vaccines in Vietnam. One of the factors impeding the development of vaccines is antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE).

Influence of Body Weight at the End of the Brooding Period on the Productive Performance in Hyline Brown Laying Hens from 6 to 72 Weeks of Age.

This research aimed to assess body weight (BW) at the end of the brooding period in affecting Hyline Brown laying hens aged 6 to 72 wks from the aspects of growth performance, egg quality, sexual maturity, and productive performance. Pullets (6 wk old, = 640) were sorted into two groups according to BW: normal (460.75 ± 10.

Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to high body mass index from 1990 to 2021 and projection to 2045.

Background: High body mass index (HBMI) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the global burden of CVD attributable to HBMI remains poorly defined. This study aims to elucidate the current burden and temporal trends of CVD attributable to HBMI.

Methods: We used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021 to estimate CVD deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to HBMI.

Advanced lung cancer inflammation index is associated with mortality in critically ill patients with non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage.

Existing prognostic tools for non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (NCH) mainly focus on neurological injury severity but overlook systemic factors that cause secondary deterioration. This study aimed to evaluate the Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index (ALI), a biomarker combining nutritional parameters (BMI, albumin) and inflammatory parameters (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR), as a new prognostic indicator for NCH. It aimed to fill the gap in quantifying the synergy between inflammation and malnutrition in neurocritical care.

A five-year examination into the occurrence of herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass populations in paddy from Jiangsu Province, China.

To assess resistance situation and evolutionary risks, 510 Echinochloa populations from 13 rice-growing regions in Jiangsu Province (2018-2022) were tested against seven herbicides (penoxsulam, quinclorac, cyhalofop-butyl, bispyribac-sodium, pretilachlor, metamifop, and florpyrauxifen-benzyl), with cross- and multiple-resistance patterns analyzed. Penoxsulam resistance increased ninefold over five years, while quinclorac resistance consistently exceeded 40% annually for four years. Cyhalofop-butyl and bispyribac-sodium resistance frequencies also rose annually, with the strongest resistance to penoxsulam and bispyribac-sodium observed in southern Jiangsu, particularly in Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, and Zhenjiang.

Multimodal diagnostic and surgical approach to spontaneous esophageal rupture induced by severe coughing: A case report.

Background: Boerhaave syndrome, or spontaneous esophageal rupture, is a rare and life-threatening emergency, typically caused by a sudden increase in esophageal pressure due to violent coughing or vomiting. Early diagnosis is challenging as its symptoms often resemble those of other diseases. Understanding its pathological features and treatment strategies is therefore critical for clinical practice.

Inverse association between triglyceride-glucose index and maximal oxygen uptake in US young and middle-aged population: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been linked to impaired cardiovascular fitness (CVF). However, the available evidence regarding the direct relationship between the TyG index and maximal oxygen uptake (VOmax) is limited. This study aims to investigate the association between the TyG index and VOmax.

Edge-Surface-Inter Carbon Nanoarchitecture on Silicon.

The huge volume changes of silicon (Si) anodes during cycling lead to continuous solid electrolyte interphase thickening, mechanical failure, and loss of electrical contact, which have become key bottlenecks limiting their practical applications. This work presents a trimodal in situ growth strategy for constructing hierarchical carbon nanoarchitecture networks on Si substrates (Si@Gr@CNT). The designed "Edge-Surface-Inter" (E-S-I) architecture exhibits three synergistic features: an edge-protruding structure forming vertical conductive channels for rapid Li transport, a surface-entangled structure providing mechanical enhancement, and an interbridging structure constructing continuous three-dimensional electron transport networks.

Repair effects of melatonin application on physiological damages induced by UV-B radiation in alfalfa seedlings.

Melatonin is one of the important endogenous signaling molecules for regulating plant growth and development, and various abiotic stress responses. UV-B is an intrinsic component of sunlight. Plants are particularly vulnerable to UV-B radiation compared to other abiotic stressors due to their sessile growth patterns.