MXene-Based Peroxidase-Like Nanozymes: Interfacial Effects for Biomedical Applications.

MXene-based peroxidase (POD)-like nanozymes demonstrate significant potential in biomedical applications due to their 2D structure, tunable catalytic activity, and interfacial effects. This review summarizes recent advances in MXene-POD nanozyme design, focusing on interfacial effects modulation via external stimuli (e.g.

Hydrophilicity and Zincophilicity Coincorporated Zwitterionic Additives for High-Performance Zinc Metal Batteries.

Despite the potential of Zn metal batteries (ZMBs) due to their low cost, environmental benefits, and favorable Zn/Zn redox potential, challenges such as low Zn utilization and parasitic reactions hinder their performance. These issues arise from the thermodynamic instability of the Zn anode and high-desolvation energy barriers. To overcome these challenges, this study investigates two zwitterionic compounds with hydrophilic and zincophilic functional groups, BES (N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) and MES (2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid), selecting BES as the optimal electrolyte additive.

Multifunctional Responsive Gas-Releasing Metal Organic Framework Nanoplatform for Tumor Therapy Application.

Gas therapy (GT), which regulates the tumor microenvironment by releasing therapeutic gas molecules (e.g., O, NO), has taken an innovative direction in tumor therapy.

Development of Adamantane-based hydrophobic tags targeting anaplastic lymphoma kinase with enhanced antitumor activities.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has emerged as a critical molecular target for therapeutic intervention in various malignancies, with a particular focus on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCLs). In this work, we utilized the hydrophobic tagging (HyT) strategy to design and synthesize a series of novel ALK-targeting degraders, which were constructed by linking the derivative A3 based on ALK inhibitor alectinib to a HyT fragment adamantane via various customized linkers. The most promising compound, H7, demonstrated potent ALK degradation activity both in vitro and in vivo, along with potent anti-proliferative effects in ALK-dependent cell lines, while showing minimal cytotoxicity in cells lacking ALK fusion proteins.

Rising global temperatures reduce soil microbial diversity over the long term.

Soil microbial diversity is crucial to sustaining ecosystem productivity and improving carbon sequestration. Global temperature continues to rise, but how climate warming affects microbial diversity and its capacity to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) remains uncertain. Here, by conducting a global meta-analysis with 251 paired observations from 102 studies, we showed that, on average, warming reduced bacterial and fungal diversity (measured by richness and Shannon index) by 16.

Sanqi qushi formula ameliorates podocyte injury in membranous nephropathy by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced ferroptosis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a primary glomerular disease and a major cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, "dampness" is considered a key pathogenic factor. Sanqi Qushi Formula (SQQS), developed by adding dampness-eliminating herbs to Sanqi Oral Liquid, has been shown to improve remission rates in idiopathic MN, although its pharmacological mechanisms are not yet fully clarified.

Time-dependent physical unclonable functions by long-lived triplet excitons in carbon dots.

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), relying extensively on the random spatial distribution of block elements, are promising technology for generating unclonable cryptograph. Herein, we demonstrate time-dependent PUFs (TD-PUFs) by introducing carbon dots (CDs) with bright and long-lived triplet excitons as block elements. The constructed TD-PUFs evolve into multiple unclonable PUFs over time, effectively breaking the spatial limitation of transitional PUFs and increasing the complexity, making them much more difficult to be attacked.

Atypical R-loops in cancer: decoding molecular chaos for therapeutic gain.

R-loop is a special DNA-RNA hybrid genomic structure. Since its identification, the molecular mechanisms of physiological processes such as class switch recombination have been revealed, uncontrolled regulation of which has become the underlying cause of many diseases. With the development of molecular biology techniques, R-loops found at different sites and formed via different mechanisms have been discovered.

Hand.-Mazz. derived extracellular vesicles alleviate mastitis NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB/MAPK pathways.

Mastitis, a prevalent inflammatory disease affecting both humans and animals, imposes significant health burdens globally. Hand.-Mazz.

Short-chain fatty acids: key antiviral mediators of gut microbiota.

The effects of gut microbiota on antiviral immunity have been well-documented in recent years, whereas a mechanistic understanding of microbiota-derived metabolite-related signaling pathways is still lacking. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), key metabolites produced by gut bacterial microbiota dietary fiber fermentation and amino acid metabolism, have been shown to facilitate host antiviral responses. In this review, we summarized the detailed mechanisms which could contribute to the regulation of antiviral immunity engaged and initiated by SCFAs, involving G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated, histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated, and metabolic pathways.

Bioink design for organ-scale projection-based 3D bioprinting.

Projection-based three-dimensional bioprinting offers an approach for manufacturing biomimetic tissues with complex spatial structures and bioactivity, presenting potential for creating implantable organs or organoids to test drug response. Nevertheless, the extended printing times required for organ-scale manufacturing represents a challenge. Here we provide step-by-step instructions to manufacture organ-scale structures using bioinks while preserving high bioactivity.

Coreactant-Free Electrochemiluminescence from Gold-Silver Nanoclusters at Low Potential for Immunoassays.

Low-potential and coreactant-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a promising approach to eliminate exogenous influences from interfering substances and coreactants. Herein, by exploiting the prestored-electron nature of n-type nanoparticles, low-potential and coreactant-free ECL was developed using 4-amino-2-(methylthio)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (AMPC)-capped AuAg nanoclusters, i.e.

Investigation of the mechanism of Xiaoyin Jiedu Yin in the treatment of psoriasis based on bioinformatics, machine learning.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. Xiaoyin Jiedu Decoction (XYJDY) is a traditional Chinese medicinal formula that has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in alleviating psoriatic symptoms; however, its underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: We employed network pharmacology, machine learning-based target screening, and functional enrichment to identify key targets and pathways.

A one-pot CRISPR-Cas12a-based assay for rapid, on-site detection of African swine fever virus.

African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a highly contagious and devastating disease threatening global swine production. The disease has caused substantial economic losses, driving the need for efficient diagnostic tools to enhance surveillance and control. Despite various available assays for ASF, field-deployable tools enabling rapid, accurate, and user-friendly detection remain urgently needed.

Ultrahigh Strength and Exceptional Work Hardening in a Hierarchical-Structured Alloy via Hetero-Interface-Mediated Twinning.

Yield strength and work hardening are two critical mechanical properties of metallic structural materials. However, increasing yield strength through conventional strengthening mechanisms often restricts further dislocation multiplications and interactions, which significantly reduces work hardening and poses a challenge to achieving an optimal balance between these properties in material design. Here, an innovative approach to simultaneously enhance both yield strength and work hardening in a heterostructured, nanoprecipitation-strengthened alloy is reported.

Molecular imaging based biophysical changes of striatum closely associated with cognitive impairment in childhood self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the functional role of striatum in cognitive impairment of self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS) patients using F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI).

Methods: Forty-three patients with SeLECTS (24 typical and 19 atypical) who underwent [F]FDG PET/CT, 3D-T1WI MRI and neuropsychological assessment were prospectively enrolled. Twenty children with extracranial tumors and twenty healthy children were included as the PET control and MRI control, respectively.

Impacts of subway air particles on healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial in a Chinese city.

Background: Subway systems reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and carbon dioxide emissions in cities but the impacts of subway air pollution on the health of subway users remain obscure. We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 83 healthy adults, with 80 included in the final analysis, randomly grouped to spend 2 h daily for 5 consecutive days either in an office or on a subway platform. The fine (PM) and thoracic (PM) particles concentrations, temperature, and humidity were monitored.

Safety of Early Oral Refeeding in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis After Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy of Pancreatic Stone (SHEEL): A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Fasting after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is often used to avoid pancreas injury and reduce risk of pancreatitis. However, the optimal timing of oral refeeding after ESWL remains unclear. This study evaluates the impact of early oral refeeding on post-ESWL pancreatitis.

Cold-Adapted Nanozymes.

Cold-adapted nanozymes represent a distinct class of nanomaterials that exhibit robust catalytic activity and stability under low-temperature conditions (below 37 °C). By emulating the catalytic functions of natural enzymes, these nanozymes can overcome the inherent limitations of traditional enzymes, which typically suffer from the reduced activity and rapid deactivation in cold environments. Over the recent years, cold-adapted nanozymes have attracted considerable interdisciplinary interest, including chemistry, biomedicine, and materials science, which have demonstrated unique advantages in diverse applications, such as antiviral and antibacterial treatments, tumor therapy, environmental remediation, and food safety monitoring.

Evaluating modified ACR TI-RADS nodule size for thyroid nodules in pediatric population.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of modified thyroid nodule size based on the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) for the pediatric population.

Method: This retrespective study enrolled patients younger than 21 years who underwent thyroid nodule US examination between January 2021 and June 2024. Thyroid nodules were assessed according to the ACR TI-RADS and the modification of size criteria.

Distribution Range and Richness of Plant Species Are Predicted to Increase by 2100 due to a Warmer and Wetter Climate in Northern China.

The warming global climate is threatening terrestrial ecosystem stability, including plant community structure and diversity. However, it remains unclear how distribution, richness, and turnover of plant species are impacted by warming and wetting in northern China. In the present study, species distribution models were applied to predict the spatial distribution of 5111 plant species based on 111,071 occurrence records in northern China.

Transcriptomic and targeted metabolomic analysis identifies genes involved in differential anthocyanin accumulation in potato tubers.

Purple-fleshed potatoes accumulate high amounts of anthocyanins, which are beneficial to human health. Although the biosynthesis of these secondary metabolites has been well studied in plants, the mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation in different tissue regions of potato tubers remain less understood. To identify genes and metabolites involved in anthocyanin accumulation, we performed comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of pith and vasculature tissues from the tubers of three different potato cultivars.

Unidirectional spontaneous motion of water droplets on eggshell pores.

Hypothesis: Birds produce eggs and rely on incubation to produce offspring, with moisture retention playing a critical role in this process. While the role of moisture maintenance within eggshells has been extensively studied, we hypothesize that the unique structure of eggshell pores also contributes to water retention by facilitating the transport of water droplets from the external surface to the inner side.

Experiments: Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the unidirectional, spontaneous motion of water droplets on eggshell pores.

The Multigene Family Genes-Encoded Proteins of African Swine Fever Virus: Roles in Evolution, Cell Tropism, Immune Evasion, and Pathogenesis.

African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), poses a catastrophic threat to global swine industries through its capacity for immune subversion and rapid evolution. Multigene family genes (MGFs)-encoded proteins serve as molecular hubs governing viral evolution, immune evasion, cell tropism, and disease pathogenesis. This review synthesizes structural and functional evidence demonstrating that MGFs-encoded proteins suppress both interferon signaling and inflammasome activation, while their genomic plasticity in variable terminal regions drives strain diversification and adaptation.