Weaponizing cognitive bias in autonomous systems: a framework for black-box inference attacks.

Autonomous systems operating in high-dimensional environments increasingly rely on prioritization heuristics to allocate attention and assess risk, yet these mechanisms can introduce cognitive biases such as salience, spatial framing, and temporal familiarity that influence decision-making without altering the input or accessing internal states. This study presents Priority Inversion via Operational Reasoning (PRIOR), a black-box, non-perturbative diagnostic framework that employs structurally biased but semantically neutral scenario cues to probe inference-level vulnerabilities without modifying pixel-level, statistical, or surface semantic properties. Given the limited accessibility of embodied vision-based systems, we evaluate PRIOR using large language models (LLMs) as abstract reasoning proxies to simulate cognitive prioritization in constrained textual surveillance scenarios inspired by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operations.

Leaf anatomical structure of dominant shrubs and their influencing factors across habitats in hyper-arid region.

We analyzed the drought adaptation mechanism of shrub species in three typical habitats (oasis, transition zone, and desert) of the extremely arid area in the lower reaches of the Heihe River, with 15 species as the objects. Using paraffin sectioning technology combined with microscopic observation, we measured 14 anatomical traits, including leaf epidermal thickness, total leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness, and main vein vascular bundle thickness, etc. The results showed that leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, and leaf structure compactness (palisade tissue thickness/total leaf thickness) significantly varied among different habitats, and increased with the aggravation of drought degree.

Development and validation of a nomogram for diabetic tibial neuropathy based on ultrasound radiomics: a multicenter study.

Objective: Diabetic tibial nerve neuropathy (DTN), a severe subtype of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, is often underdiagnosed in the early stages. This significantly raises the risks of foot ulcers and amputations. This study aims to develop and validate a novel nomogram prediction model integrating clinical characteristics and ultrasound radiomics features for early identification of DTN patients.

Attributable burden of steatotic liver disease on cardiovascular outcomes in Asia.

Background & Aims: The associations between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and specific cardiovascular events, as well as their attributable burdens, remain inconsistent and underexplored within a single population. This large-scale prospective cohort evaluated the associations between MASLD and various cardiovascular outcomes. Two additional steatotic liver disease (SLD) subtypes - MASLD with increased alcohol consumption (MetALD) and alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) - were also evaluated.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation accelerates gastrointestinal function recovery after abdominal surgery: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: This meta-analysis systematically evaluates the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) as an adjunctive therapy for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Ovid, and Web of Science for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the application of TEAS in laparoscopic surgical procedures, published from database inception to 25 March 2025. Primary outcomes included time to first flatus, defecation, and time to oral intake after surgery.

Cognitive impairment, physical frailty and depression in older adults from culturally and linguistically diverse community: A cross-sectional study.

Aims: To assess cognitive impairment, frailty, and depression among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) older adults, and to examine their associations with age, cultural background, education, and health-related factors.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Data were collected from June to September 2023 across two community healthcare organisations in Sydney.

Local Distortion Balancing Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation for Fast Li Migration in Garnet Solid-State Electrolytes.

Pivoting toward high-safety solid-state batteries, garnet-type solid-state electrolytes (SEs) with 3D ion transport channels are highly promising candidates. Complex cation substitutions are proved efficacious in enhancing ionic conductivity, while the role of pre-exponential factor in Arrhenius equation receives insufficient attention compared to the activation energy term. Herein, multiple lattice site substitution is employed to elucidate the contribution of increased configurational entropy to phase formation and the predominance of local distortion on ionic conductivity.

REGγ regulates antiviral response by activating TBK1-IFNβ signaling through degradation of PPP2CB.

Although significant progressions in antiviral studies of IFNβ have been demonstrated, the role of the proteasome in modulating cross-talk between TBK1-IFNβ signaling and viral replication during viral infection is not fully elucidated. Here, we discover that deficiency of REGγ, a proteasome activator, significantly reduces IFNβ production and increases viral replications in mice, leading to increased mortality in virus infection models. Our mechanistic study indicates that REGγ interacts with and degrades the protein phosphatase subunit Protein Phosphatase 2 Catalytic Subunit Beta (PPP2CB).

Hyperspectral LiDAR saturated signal waveform recovery for ranging based on neural networks.

Hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) is an advanced active detection system that can simultaneously acquire the three-dimensional information and spectral information of a range of targets. However, high-reflectivity targets often encounter to signal saturation, which introduces errors in both time-of-flight (ToF) ranging and hyperspectral reflectance calculation. Such saturation is a joint result of the spectrum of the supercontinuum laser source and the spectral response of the photodetector, and it causes an unbalanced detection performance of different spectral channels of the HSL.

Early-Life Prevention of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: The DOHaD Perspective on Resveratrol and Short-Chain Fatty Acids.

Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome underscores the interconnected biology of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Although now recognized as a growing global health burden, accumulating preclinical evidence suggests that CKM syndrome may originate in early life-a concept rooted in the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) framework. Animal studies have greatly enhanced our comprehension of these mechanisms, emphasizing the promise of early interventions that focus on antioxidants and gut microbiota modulation to mitigate the development of CKM conditions.

Alpha-linolenic acid protects against heatstroke-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through Nrf2 activation.

Heatstroke (HS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has high morbidity and mortality with no specific therapies. Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death driven by lipid peroxidation due to reduced Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, is closely linked to HS-induced ALI. This study investigated the effect of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived ω-3 fatty acid, on ferroptosis in a mouse model of HS-induced ALI.

Renal function and post-thrombectomy outcomes and safety: nationwide registry study.

Background: The impact of renal function on patients receiving endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) remains uncertain due to inconsistent results from previous studies. We investigated the effects of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at admission on outcomes.

Methods: This cohort study analyzed data from the Taiwan Registry of EVT for Acute Ischemic Stroke (2019-24).

Diabetic Tibial Neuropathy Prediction: Improving interpretability of Various Machine-Learning Models Based on Multimodal-Ultrasound Features Using SHAP Methodology.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate eight machine learning models based on multimodal ultrasound to precisely predict of diabetic tibial neuropathy (DTN) in patients. Additionally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)framework was introduced to quantify the importance of each feature variable, providing a precise and noninvasive assessment tool for DTN patients, optimizing clinical management strategies, and enhancing patient prognosis.

Methods: A prospective analysis was conducted using multimodal ultrasound and clinical data from 255 suspected DTN patients who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between January 2024 and November 2024.

Impacts of subway air particles on healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial in a Chinese city.

Background: Subway systems reduce traffic congestion, air pollution, and carbon dioxide emissions in cities but the impacts of subway air pollution on the health of subway users remain obscure. We conducted a randomized controlled trial involving 83 healthy adults, with 80 included in the final analysis, randomly grouped to spend 2 h daily for 5 consecutive days either in an office or on a subway platform. The fine (PM) and thoracic (PM) particles concentrations, temperature, and humidity were monitored.

Association Between Age and Endovascular Treatment Outcomes: Binational Registry of 9934 EVT Cases From Korea and Taiwan.

Background: As populations age, there is an increasing need to optimize endovascular treatment (EVT) and to understand country-specific differences in East Asia. We harmonized stroke registries from Korea and Taiwan to enable comparisons of patient characteristics and outcomes, with a particular focus on the impact of age.

Methods: Multicenter prospective stroke registries in Korea (CRCS-K [Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea]) and Taiwan (TREAT-AIS [Taiwan Registry of Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke]) were harmonized to form a unified data set of patients undergoing EVT.

The value of machine learning based on spectral CT quantitative parameters in the distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid micro-nodules.

Background And Aims: More cases of thyroid micro-nodules have been diagnosed annually in recent years because of advancements in diagnostic technologies and increased public health awareness. To explore the application value of various machine learning (ML) algorithms based on dual-layer spectral computed tomography (DLCT) quantitative parameters in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid micro-nodules.

Methods: All 338 thyroid micro-nodules (177 malignant micro-nodules and 161 benign micro-nodules) were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 237) and a testing cohort (n = 101) at a ratio of 7:3.

Design of Antimicrobial Peptides against Carbapenem-Resistant Infections with Enhanced Activity by Nanoformulation.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) has emerged as a critical public health menace. Its resistance to last-resort antibiotics highlights the urgent need for innovative treatment approaches. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates to address this challenge.

JAK3/STAT5A-dependent IL-8 regulation drives ESCC angiogenesis and is suppressed by dihydroartemisinin.

The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in tumor angiogenesis, yet the mechanism by which the microenvironment promotes tumor angiogenesis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unclear. Here, transcriptomics revealed that IL-8 was the most significantly upregulated in HUVECs induced by ESCC cell supernatants, and the JAK3/STAT5A pathway was activated to regulate IL-8 during this process. Moreover, targeting JAK3 suppressed ESCC angiogenesis.

Evaluation of generative AI assistance in clinical nephrology: Assessing GPT-4, GPT-4o, Gemini 1.0 Ultra, and PaLM 2 in patient interaction and renal biopsy interpretation.

Importance: Compares the responses of four AI models to common nephrology-related questions encountered in clinical settings.

Objective: To evaluate generative AI models in enhancing nephrology patient communication and education.

Design: Generative AI in Nephrology.

Reinforcement of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) composites using cellulose nanocrystals: Enhanced electrostatic and filtration properties.

Biomass poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB) shows great potential for filtration membranes but faces challenges in processability, mechanical strength, and electrostatic adsorption. In this study, we addressed these challenges by enhancing the processing, mechanical, and electrical properties of P34HB through the addition of biomass fillers, CNC-PVAc, which were prepared by grafting high-modulus cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) onto polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). The CNC-PVAc/P34HB composites demonstrate enhanced processability and superior properties, including increased strength (2.

Chinese Sausage Simulates High Calorie-Induced Obesity In Vivo, Identifying the Potential Benefits of Weight Loss and Metabolic Syndrome of Resveratrol Butyrate Monomer Derivatives.

This study examined the health benefits of 3-O-butanoylresveratrol (ED4), a monoester derivative of resveratrol butyrate esters. Using a high-calorie diet model simulation with Chinese sausage, ED4 was tested against changes in physiological indices like body weight (BW), body fat, blood pressure, and SCFA levels (stools and serum) in rats. This study found that the obesity-inducing model utilizing sausage as a high-calorie diet worked, and that supplementing rats with ED4 (20 mg/kg BW/day) for 5 weeks inhibited BW increase and body fat buildup.

Supporting parents with disability and other challenges through occupational therapy: What is needed?

Introduction: Parenting is a highly valued and challenging occupational role in which many parents experience challenges. Yet the involvement of occupational therapy in supporting parenting for adults with disability and other challenges is relatively low. This paper explores what is needed to increase occupational therapy support for parents with disability and other challenges.

An Electrode Design Strategy to Minimize Ferroelectric Imprint Effect.

The phenomenon of ferroelectric imprint, characterized by an asymmetric polarization switching behavior, poses significant challenges in the reliability and performance of ultra-low-voltage ferroelectric devices, including MagnetoElectric Spin-Orbit devices, Ferroelectric Random-Access Memory, Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistors, and Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions. In this study, the influence of electrode configuration in different device architectures are systematically investigated on their imprint effect. By tuning the work function of LaSrMnO (LSMO) electrodes through oxygen pressure during deposition, precise control over the built-in voltage offset (V) in ferroelectric capacitors are demonstrated.