Improving the Efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Non-Homologous End Joining Gene Knockout Using Small Molecules in Porcine Cells.

The CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system has emerged as an effective platform to generate loss-of-function gene edits through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) without a repair template. To verify whether small molecules can enhance the efficiency of CRISPR/ Cas9-mediated NHEJ gene editing in porcine cells, this experiment investigated the effects of six small-molecule compounds, namely Repsox, Zidovudine, IOX1, GSK-J4, YU238259, and GW843682X, on the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NHEJ gene editing. The results showed the optimal concentrations of the small molecules, including Repsox, Zidovudine, IOX1, GSK-J4, YU238259, and GW843682X, for in vitro-cultured PK15 viability.

Unveiling new insights into integrated effects on in vitro digestibility and fine molecular structure of wheat starch caused by delayed sowing.

The impact of sowing date on wheat starch digestibility remains incompletely understood, particularly regarding its fine molecular architecture (chain-length distribution and molecular weight) and the transcriptional regulation of starch synthase genes. This study systematically examined the effects of normal and delayed sowing on starch digestibility, granule morphology, chain-length distribution, crystalline structure, molecular weight, expression of eight key starch synthase genes, and functional characteristics. Delayed sowing elicited cultivar-specific alterations in gene expression, suppressing short amylopectin chains and long amylose chains while promoting long amylopectin chains, thereby increasing overall molecular weight.

Foci-multiplexed optical printing of high-transmittance infrared subwavelength-structured surface.

The anti-reflective subwavelength structures achieved by converting the abrupt refractive index change at the interface into a gradual variation, have emerged as a viable solution to enhance light transmittance. Nevertheless, to produce these structures on the hard and brittle infrared windows remains a formidable challenge. This paper presents a method for creating micro-nanostructures on the surface of an infrared window using femtosecond laser direct writing technology.

Polyoxometalate-Based Self-Healing Photochromic Smart Windows for Excellent Solar Heat Management.

With the increasing global demand for energy efficiency solutions, smart windows capable of controlling excess solar radiation and reducing electric energy usage have emerged as promising options and are undergoing substantial development. However, the use of smart windows is constrained by limitations associated with temperature regulation capabilities and damage upon accidental scratches. To overcome these obstacles, we introduce a method for creating transparent self-healing photochromic coatings by simply alternately depositing polyethylenimine (PEI)-polyoxometalate (POM) complexes and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) on glass substrates.

Decision Fatigue among Nurses in a Third-Level Grade A Hospital in China: A Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence and Predictors.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the current status and identify predictors of decision fatigue among nurses in a third-level grade A hospital in China.

Background: The nursing profession requires frequent high-stakes decision-making, which may progressively deplete cognitive resources and result in decision fatigue. Such fatigue compromises both patient care quality and nurses' psychological well-being, necessitating systematic investigation.

A Small Molecular Weight Saccharide Fraction From Panax quinquefolium L. Inhibited Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Endoplasmic Reticulum-Stress Mediated Apoptosis.

Non-small cell lung cancer remains a significant global health challenge. The limited efficacy, drug resistance, and toxicity of current treatments highlight the need for novel therapeutics. While Panax quinquefolium L.

An immunostaining-based approach for assessing myocardial viability in the infarcted mouse hearts.

Introduction: With the growing need for reliable and precise detection of cell viability in spatial biology, we introduce an antibody-based staining of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) as a simple yet valuable tool for delineating cardiomyocyte viability in the early stages of myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods & Results: In circulation, cTnI was found to be the most abundantly released biomarker within the first 24 h after MI. In heart sections, partial depletion of cTnI staining was observed within dying cardiomyocytes as early as 6 h, with almost absence by 24 h despite of preserved membrane integrity.

Preoperative prediction model for benign and malignant gallbladder polyps on the basis of machine-learning algorithms.

Background: This study aimed to differentiate between benign and malignant gallbladder polyps preoperatively by developing a prediction model integrating preoperative transabdominal ultrasound and clinical features using machine-learning algorithms.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical and ultrasound data from 1,050 patients at 2 centers who underwent cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps. Six machine-learning algorithms were used to develop preoperative models for predicting benign and malignant gallbladder polyps.

Brain morphological changes in type 2 diabetes patients with painful peripheral neuropathy.

We investigates changes in brain volume and cortical thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and peripheral neuropathy (DPN), particularly those with neuropathic pain. 105 participants were divided into three groups: T2DM (n = 26), T2DM with DPN (n = 42), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 37). The DPN group was further divided into painless (n = 22) and painful (n = 20) subgroups.

Reinforcement of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) composites using cellulose nanocrystals: Enhanced electrostatic and filtration properties.

Biomass poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB) shows great potential for filtration membranes but faces challenges in processability, mechanical strength, and electrostatic adsorption. In this study, we addressed these challenges by enhancing the processing, mechanical, and electrical properties of P34HB through the addition of biomass fillers, CNC-PVAc, which were prepared by grafting high-modulus cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) onto polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). The CNC-PVAc/P34HB composites demonstrate enhanced processability and superior properties, including increased strength (2.

Genome-based analyses from four clinically-isolated strains refined the taxonomy of Proteus genomosp. 6 and revealed their underestimated role in gastrointestinal diseases.

Background: Proteus spp. have long been recognized for their role in urinary tract infections, while recent evidence disclosed their implications in gastrointestinal diseases. Despite this, the taxonomy of clinically-derived Proteus spp.

Altered Cerebral Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Without Cognitive Impairment.

Objective To investigate the alterations of cerebral blood flow(CBF)in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM) patients without cognitive impairment by using arterial spin labeling(ASL)technique.Methods A total of 23 T2DM patients without cognitive impairment and 23 healthy controls(HC)matched by age,sex,and education attainment were recruited.Their clinical data were collected,and neuropsychological tests and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging were performed.

Identification and characterization of the powdery mildew resistance in cultivated emmer wheat accession Lxd-682 via bulked segregant RNA sequencing.

Background: Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a vital source of nutrition for human consumption. However, wheat production is significantly threatened by various diseases, such as powdery mildew, a widespread fungal disease caused by Blumeria graminis f.

Identification of a NEK7-related pyroptosis gene signature against pancreatic cancer and evaluation of its potential in tumor microenvironment remodeling via regulating inflammasome complex.

The treatment options for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain limited. It is therefore important to explore new therapeutic targets and strategies for better treatment and prognosis for patients with PDAC. NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in PDAC development.

T3-THR Signaling Governed by DIO2 Contributes to Endometrial Receptivity by Regulating Epithelial Cell Membrane Fluidity.

Maintaining normal thyroid function is crucial in pregnancy, and the thyroid hormone signaling pathway is involved in embryo implantation. However, the regulation of iodothyronine deiodinase 2 (DIO2), which is the central hub controlling thyroid hormone signaling, and the intracellular pathway activated by triiodothyronine (T3) binding to the thyroid hormone receptor (THR) in endometrial cells, remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that DIO2 expression increases in endometrium during the establishment of endometrial receptivity and is involved in this process.

Rictor stability mediated by USP9X regulates embryo implantation by participating in lipid metabolism of endometrium.

The receptive endometrium is a prerequisite for successful embryo implantation, and abnormal endometrial receptivity would lead to infertility. Many key proteins involved in endometrial receptivity have been confirmed to undergo post transcriptional modifications. However, there are limited reports on deubiquitination modification during this process.

Genetic dissection of powdery mildew resistance in emmer wheat WL509 via bulked segregated RNA sequencing.

Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum, 2n = 4x = 28, AABB), as the ancestral species of common wheat, is a crucial gene donor for improving common wheat against powdery mildew, a destructive wheat disease worldwide. Cultivated emmer wheat accession WL509 exhibits broad and high level of resistance to powdery mildew. Using inheritance analysis, bulked segregated RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) and molecular markers detection, we identified a dominant gene, tentatively designated PmWL509, and mapped it to 757.

Predictive role of insulin resistance surrogates in gallstone disease.

Several studies have confirmed the association between insulin resistance (IR) surrogates and the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between 4 IR surrogates: triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), triglyceride-glucose index with waist circumference (TyG-WC), triglyceride-glucose index with body mass index (TyG-BMI), and triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and the risk of gallstone disease. This retrospective cross-sectional study involved a total of 19,696 participants who were divided into gallstone and non-gallstone groups based on ultrasound findings.

A novel clinically relevant antagonistic interplay between prolactin and oncogenic YAP-CCN2 pathways as a differentiation therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Cellular differentiation limits cellular plasticity allowing cells to attain their specialized functional characteristics and phenotypes, whereas loss of differentiation is a hallmark of cancer. Thus, characterizing mechanisms underlying differentiation is key to discover new cancer therapeutics. We report a novel functional antagonistic relationship between the prolactin (PRL)/prolactin receptor (PRLR) differentiation pathway and YAP-CCN2 oncogenic pathway in normal mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells that is essential for establishing/maintaining acinar morphogenesis, cell-cell junctions and the intracellular localization of apical-basal polarity protein complexes (Par, Crumb and Scrib).

Rhodium-Catalyzed C(sp)-H Activation and [3+3] Annulation: Accessing Pyrano[3,2-]chromene-2,5-diones as TASK-3 Activators.

Herein, an efficient Rh-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation between α,β-unsaturated amides and coumarin-derived iodonium ylides has been developed, affording novel pyrano[3,2-]chromene-2,5-diones and analogues in high yields. Most products could be easily isolated by precipitation in ethanol, followed by simple filtration. Additionally, this protocol demonstrated the benefits of environmentally friendly conditions, air compatibility, good functional group compatibility, scale-up synthesis with low catalyst loading, and a recyclable Rh catalyst.

Oroxylin A alleviates pyroptosis and apoptosis in human corneal epithelial cells under hyperosmotic stress by activating the SIRT3-SOD2/HIF-1α pathway.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular surface problem. Ocular surface inflammation and oxidative stress triggered by increased tear osmolarity are crucial pathogeneses of DED. Oroxylin A (OA) extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cell protective properties.

Endogenous Hormone Regulation During Key Developmental Stages of Siebold & Zucc. Ovules.

In this study, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the growth of the internal ovules and the dynamic changes in the content of endogenous hormones during the development of Korean pine ( Siebold & Zucc.) cones were investigated in detail and their interrelationships determined. In addition, morphological examinations, paraffin section, analysis and enzyme immunoassays were performed to observe the growth and development as well as the fertilization stages of the ovules of from July of the pollination year to June of the following year.

Seasonal discrepancy of airborne fungal diversity and community structure in factory.

Understanding the composition and community of airborne mycobiota associated with fungal diseases was critical for mushroom production and disease control. In this study, we first investigated airborne fungi concentrations in different function areas of a Chinese shiitake factory. Then, high-throughput sequencing was employed to characterise the airborne fungal compositions and communities of this factory during high and low incidence seasons of shiitake artificial log rot disease (SLRD).

Exploration of scientific connotation of "Yin-Jing" medical properties of Cyathula officinalis via potentiating therapeutic effect, guidance and targetability.

Unlabelled: ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: "Cyathula officinalis Kuan (COK)" has the effect of "guiding the drug downward" and can enhance the efficacy of formula, e.g., Shentong Zhuyu Decoction (STZYD).