Study on the pyrolysis interactions of different anatomical parts of flue-cured tobacco stalks and the catalytic cracking characteristics of nicotine.

The pyrolysis of flue-cured tobacco stalks (TS) faces challenges such as low bio-oil value and utilization efficiency. Existing studies have overlooked the anatomical heterogeneity of tobacco stalks, thereby limiting the directional regulation of high-value components, such as nicotine and phenolic compounds. This study divides TS into the husk (TSH), xylem (TSX), and pith (TSP), and investigates their physicochemical properties, pyrolysis behavior (through TGA and fixed-bed pyrolysis experiments), and interactions.

Morphology of Taylor Cone in Stable Regime: Experimental and Numerical Insights.

In the stable cone-jet regime, liquid usually presents the shape of a cone extended by a jet at its apex, with jet breakup yielding fine drops. The dynamics of the Taylor cone critically affect the stability of the jet and further determine the jet and/or drop size. In the present work, the morphology of the Taylor cone, cone length, and cone angle were studied through experimental and numerical means, where the operating parameters and liquid properties are considered.

Synergy effect of oxyphilic cobalt‑tungsten oxide and copper‑cobalt alloy on water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption for pH-universal hydrogen evolution.

Developing pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts demands the simultaneous optimization of water dissociation kinetics and hydrogen adsorption. Herein, a CuCo/CoWO heterostructure with an area of 600 cm was fabricated via a facile one-step electrodeposition strategy. It only needs 193.

Dual-functional phthalamide modulation of aging-resistant PbI for efficient perovskite solar cells.

The sequential preparation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has received widespread concern for its use in large-scale perovskite modules and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, the instability of the PbI precursor solution and the incomplete reaction of ammonium salts hinder the industrialization of PSCs. Here, by introducing phthalamide (PA) into PbI solution, the carbonyl oxygen of PA molecules undergoes a bidentate coordination reaction with Pb to form an octahedral coordination structure, and the nitrogen atom in the -NH group exhibits weakly acidic properties due to the conjugation effect.

Hedgehog-like Pd/Nitride Nanocone Facilitates Bubble Detachment for High-Rate Photothermal Hydrogen Release.

The practical application of formic acid for large-scale hydrogen storage is constrained by its low H production rates. Conventional strategies rely on excessive chemical additives to accelerate the initial deprotonation step for efficient dehydrogenation. However, this approach is energy-consuming and compromises the intrinsic hydrogen storage density (53 g L) of formic acid.

Atomic armor for thermal stability in nanoporous structures.

Nanoporous structures play a critical role in a wide range of applications, including catalysis, thermoelectrics, energy storage, gas adsorption, and thermal insulation. However, their thermal instability remains a persistent challenge. Inspired by the extraordinary resilience of tardigrades, an "atomic armor" strategy is introduced to enhance the stability of nanoporous structures.

Enhanced Thermal Transport in Aramid Composite Films via Intrinsic Interfacial Interaction and Synergistic Orientation.

The heat dissipation of high-power chips places higher demands on the thermal conductivity () of polymer-based thermal interface materials (TIMs) to ensure the stable operation of the chips. However, the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) greatly restricts further improvement. Herein, 1D multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified with carboxyl (CNTs-) were introduced to the aramid matrix via blade coating, and a strategy of the intrinsic interfacial interaction and synergistic orientation was ingeniously adopted to enhance thermal transport.

Wide-temperature NO removal enabled by synergistic atomically dispersed CeV dual sites: Activation of the rate-determining step.

Commercial V-W/TiO catalysts are extensively applied for NO emission control in coal-fired power plants. However, their limited operating temperature range and low active site utilisation significantly restrict NO removal efficiency, particularly during boiler load fluctuations. This study introduces atomically dispersed Ce-V/TiO catalysts synthesised using a dual-site coordination strategy, enhancing active site dispersion.

CO cut-down potential of conventional iron and steel making process in China based on carbon transfer and emission identification.

Iron and steel industry is the largest CO contributor in China's energy end-users, accounting for 15 % of the national emission, whose decarbonization is the key step for carbon neutrality. Blast Furnace and Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF-BOF) process dominates steel production in China, and carbon flow inside that process with multi-layered energy and material network is complex, leading to difficulty in CO emission estimation. Herein, to understand the CO emission and its cut-down potential of iron and steel industry, a carbon counting model is established and typical decarbonization ways are taken into consideration, including energy efficiency improvement, raw material composition reformation and traditional blast furnace technology innovation.

Simulation of Steam's Wet Phase-Transition Agglomeration Technology and Optimization of Steam Heterogeneous Nucleation Models for Coal-Fired Power Generation.

Traditional dust removal technologies have relatively low capture efficiencies for PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm) emitted by coal-fired power plants.

Mn Single-Atom Photocatalyst Enables Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of CO.

Photocatalytic conversion of CO into fuels with HO as a proton source is recognized as a promising strategy for CO utilization. However, past efforts have mainly been devoted to the CO reduction reaction and overlooked essential water dissociation that provides a proton source. Herein, the Mn/PCN-N photocatalyst with Mn-N coordination by incorporating Mn single atoms into a polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) framework endowed with nitrogen vacancies (N) is developed for CO photoreduction.

A review on controllable preparation and applications of biomass-based carbon aerogels.

Biomass-based carbon aerogels have emerged as sustainable porous carbon materials with ultralow density, high surface area, and tunable surface function groups. However, precise regulation toward different applications remains a significant challenge for maximum optimizing their performance. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the diverse methods for the controlled synthesis of biomass-based carbon aerogels from renewable feedstocks was provided, with emphasis on precursor selection, gelation chemistry, drying strategies, carbonization, and activation processes.

Editorial for This Special Issue on Energy Conversion Materials and Devices and Their Applications.

The global push toward sustainable energy, driven by soaring energy demands, escalating environmental concerns, and urgent climate challenges, has catalyzed remarkable advancements in energy conversion materials and devices [...

Optimization of Sparse Sensor Layouts and Data-Driven Reconstruction Methods for Steady-State and Transient Thermal Field Inverse Problems.

This paper investigates the inverse reconstruction of temperature fields under both steady-state and transient heat conduction scenarios. The central contribution lies in the structured development and validation of the Gappy Clustering-based Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (Gappy C-POD) method-an approach that, despite its conceptual origin alongside the clustering-based dimensionality reduction method guided by POD structures (C-POD), had previously lacked an explicit algorithmic framework or experimental validation. To this end, the study constructs a comprehensive solution framework that integrates sparse sensor layout optimization with data-driven field reconstruction techniques.

Fixed-Time Active Disturbance Rejection Temperature-Pressure Decoupling Control for a High-Flow Air Intake System.

High-flow aeroengine transient tests involve strong coupling and external disturbances, which pose significant challenges for intake environment simulation systems (IESSs). This study proposes a compound control scheme that combines fixed-time active disturbance rejection with static decoupling methods. The scheme integrates a fixed-time sliding-mode controller (FT-SMC) and a super-twisting fixed-time extended-state observer (ST-FT-ESO).

First-principles prediction of SiS-AlSO and blueP-AlSO vdW heterostructures for high-efficiency photocatalytic water splitting with 23.67% solar-to-hydrogen conversion.

The increasing demand for renewable energy solutions underscores the importance of photocatalytic water splitting as a sustainable technology. In this study, we employ first-principles density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the structural, electronic, optical, and photocatalytic properties of SiS-AlSO and P-AlSO van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures. We systematically evaluate multiple stacking configurations to determine the most stable interface structures.

Dimensional Crossover Engineering in MoS/Organic Superlattices Breaks the zT Barrier for 2D Thermoelectrics.

The rapid development of self-powered microelectronics demands thermoelectric devices (TEDs) that can simultaneously achieve high energy conversion efficiency and silicon micro-fabrication compatibility. While for conventional bulk TEs, their incompatibility with silicon micro-manufacturing restricts microelectronic integration. 2D materials, though CMOS-fabrication-friendly and widely explored for microelectronic devices, face critical limitations in thermoelectric energy conversion efficiency due to their low zT values (<0.

Stationary Droplet Levitation via the Leidenfrost Effect: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

Recent advances in microfluidic technology have positioned droplet-based systems as versatile microreactors, leveraging their unique interfacial dynamics and mass transfer properties. While precise manipulation of gas-liquid interfaces or external fields enables controlled chemical reactions and drug synthesis, escalating system complexity demands enhanced regulation of droplet thermodynamics and kinetics. The Leidenfrost phenomenon demonstrates significant engineering potential through its capacity to spontaneously form vapor lubrication layers, facilitating noncontact suspension and controlled evaporation of droplets.

Mn-doped Ti-Fe composite oxide catalysts for efficient low-temperature NO reduction: Enhancing catalytic performance and sulfur resistance.

To achieve efficient denitrification performance at low temperatures while maintaining catalyst stability under SO/HO-rich conditions, a series of Mn-doped Ti-Fe composite oxide catalysts (TiFeMn, where x = 0-0.03) were synthesized in this study. The ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH-SCR) activity, SO and HO resistance, and structure-mechanism relationships of the catalysts were systematically investigated.

Enhancing the comprehensive management strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in pediatric patients with concurrent sleep-disordered breathing: Integrating effective therapeutic approaches.

This paper investigates the general relevance of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in pediatric patients, focusing on etiology, prevalence, clinical features, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) treatment options while synthesizing the findings from the existing literature to provide a comprehensive and objective understanding. A systematic review was conducted to examine the association between ADHD and SDB in children, investigating the potential role of TCM in managing this comorbidity. A comprehensive search in multiple databases was conducted from inception to May 2024 using a predefined search strategy.

Direct and indirect measurement of liquid film thickness by common optical methods.

Liquid film phenomena widely exist in nature and industrial processes. They have the advantages of low flow velocity, small temperature difference, high heat flux density, and high heat and mass transfer efficiency. For these reasons, they are widely used in various engineering processes.

Thermal-shock-processed thin proton exchange membranes for efficient and durable water electrolysis with reduced hydrogen crossover.

This work presents a Joule-heating strategy to create thin proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with high proton conductivity and low H crossover. The treated PEMs assembled electrolyzer achieves a record current density of 3.72 A cm at 1.

AlO/MgO-doped, CaO-based adsorbents for CO capture: A performance study.

We investigated direct calcination of four precursors: calcium oxalate (CaCO; denoted as CaO-1), calcium carbonate (CaCO; CaO-2), calcium d-gluconate monohydrate (CHCaO·HO; CaO-3), and a commercial calcium carbonate (CaO-4). The effects of precursor selection on CO adsorption performance were systematically compared. CaO-1 exhibited superior initial CO adsorption capacity (0.

Regulating Dynamic Evolution of Interfacial Electrolyte Configuration via Inert Cation Induced Anion Anchoring to Stabilize Lithium-Metal Anode.

Interfacial stability in high-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) hinges on precise regulation of dynamic interfacial electrolyte configuration. Although inert cations are frequently employed to stabilize Li-metal anode, their interfacial adsorption behavior and the resultant evolution of the electrolyte/electrode interface remain elusive. Herein, using in-situ spectroscopy, we visualized the adsorption of inert cations, exemplified by tetrabutylammonium (TBA).

Study on the Matching Properties of Amines and Resin Support and Their Role in Enhancing CO Adsorption Capacity.

Solid amine adsorbents have demonstrated considerable potential for application in carbon capture systems within postcombustion technologies. The performance of the adsorbent was significantly affected by both the type of support material and the organic amine utilized. The purpose of this study is to examine how the compatibility between organic amines and different porous materials (resins) affects CO capture performance.