Biocarrier-driven enhancement of caproate production via microbial chain elongation: Linking metabolic redirection and microbiome assembly.

This study investigated the effects of five representative biocarriers-biochar (BC), activated carbon (AC), nano-magnetite (NM), zero-valent iron (ZVI), and polyurethane sponge (PUS)-on chain elongation (CE) from ethanol/acetate in anaerobic systems. All carriers enhanced CE to varying extents. BC and NM significantly increased caproate yields (6032.

Impact of sodium butyrate on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in zebrafish.

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid produced by intestinal bacteria during the fermentation of dietary fibers and has shown potential in modulating inflammatory responses. Herein, we investigated how sodium butyrate exerts dual, dose-dependent regulation of innate immunity using the zebrafish model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Our results demonstrated that at low concentrations (3 mM), sodium butyrate suppressed LPS-driven pro-inflammatory mediators (il1β, cebpβ, irg1l) while restoring anti-inflammatory and tissue-repair genes (lyz, il8, elf3).

A universal procedure to prepare high density M-N sites anchored in nitrogen doped porous carbon as efficient oxygen reduction reaction catalysts for flexible Zn-air batteries.

Developing single-atom catalysts (SACs) with dense active sites and universal synthesis strategies remains a critical challenge. Herein, we present a scalable and universal strategy to synthesize high-density transition metal single-atom sites, anchored in nitrogen-doped porous carbon (M-SA@NC, M = Fe, Co, Ni) and investigate their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity for flexible Zn-air batteries (ZABs). Using a facile coordination-pyrolysis strategy, atomically dispersed M-N sites with high metal loading are achieved.

Hedgehog-like Pd/Nitride Nanocone Facilitates Bubble Detachment for High-Rate Photothermal Hydrogen Release.

The practical application of formic acid for large-scale hydrogen storage is constrained by its low H production rates. Conventional strategies rely on excessive chemical additives to accelerate the initial deprotonation step for efficient dehydrogenation. However, this approach is energy-consuming and compromises the intrinsic hydrogen storage density (53 g L) of formic acid.

Ball-milled biochar-vermiculite/zeolite magnetic composites for adsorption of lead and p-nitrophenol from wastewater: Synthesis, performance, and mechanisms.

Herein, ball-milled magnetic biochar-vermiculite composite (MBC@VT) and ball-milled magnetic biochar-zeolite composite (MBC@ZT) were synthesized via one-step ball-milling, and their adsorption capacities for Pb(II)/P-nitrophenol (PNP) in water were compared. The results demonstrated that the removal of Pb(II) and PNP through both materials was a complex, endothermic reaction mainly driven by chemisorption, with strong tolerance to pH changes and co-existing ions. MBC@VT showed superior adsorption for Pb(II) (reaching 367.

Age-group variations in the associations between technostress, job burnout, and work engagement among nurses: Evidence from a network analysis.

Background: While digital transformation has become a necessary trend for hospitals, it imposes technostress on nurses working on the health-care front lines. According to previous research, it increases conflict between nurses and patients but the mechanism and age difference are ignored.

Methods: A total of 672 nurses recruited from five hospitals in Liaoning Province, China.

Quantitative analysis of gait parameters in Parkinson's disease and the clinical significance.

Background: Gait disorder is one of the clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD). Investigating the characteristics of gait disorder in patients with PD and the changes in gait before and after taking levodopa is crucial for the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of gait disorders in PD patients.

Methods: In this study, we measured the gait parameters of 20 patients with PD and 17 healthy controls and analyzed the changes of gait parameters of these patients before and after taking levodopa.

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Signatures of Acute Circadian Misalignment in Mice.

Acute circadian misalignment, such as that induced by a single episode of jet lag, can leave molecular traces even after behavioral rhythms appear to recover. Here, we applied an integrated multi-omics approach-combining liver transcriptomics and plasma metabolomics-to characterize residual signatures on the 7th day after a single 6-h phase advance in male mice. Our data revealed significant alterations, particularly in the core clock genes Bmal1 and Cry1, and the metabolites l-arginine and SM(d18:1/18:1(11Z)), with notable differences at Zeitgeber Time 0 (ZT0).

Safety-constrained transient control for aero-engines: A data-driven diffeomorphic ADP framework.

To enable safety-constrained control of aero-engines under wide-range transient conditions, a novel data-driven diffeomorphic adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) framework is developed to explicitly enforce the state and input safety constraints. The approach begins by employing diffeomorphic transformations coupled with a dynamic control law to effectively eliminate explicit state constraints. This transformation reformulates the original constrained problem into an optimal control framework subject solely to virtual input saturation.

First-line benmelstobart plus anlotinib versus sunitinib in advanced renal cell carcinoma (ETER100): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: The underexplored potential of PD-L1 blockade in advanced renal cell carcinoma highlights an urgent need for novel agents. This trial aimed to compare benmelstobart (a novel PD-L1 inhibitor) plus anlotinib with sunitinib as first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Methods: ETER100 was a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial conducted at 37 medical sites in China.

Hydrophilicity-Driven Modulation of Amyloid-β(1-40) Fibrillation by Engineered Nanomaterials.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrillation is a spontaneous, thermodynamic process governed by nucleation and elongation. While many studies have explored the ability of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) to modulate Aβ fibrillation, such as inhibitors, promoters, and dual-modulators, the key physicochemical property of ENMs that determines this behavior remains unclear. In this study, we developed a comprehensive library of ENMs with well-controlled physicochemical properties, including surface charges, morphologies, and hydrophilicity, to systematically investigate their effects on Aβ40 fibrillation.

Electron transfer and intersystem crossing in Bodipy dimers: a study of their photophysical properties using steady state and transient optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic methods.

The photophysical properties of two new Bodipy dimers are investigated using a variety of techniques, including steady-state UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and pulse laser-excited time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopic methods. The dimers are formed by the Bodipy units rigidly linked by the orthogonal phenylene bridge. One of the dimers is composed of iodinated units, and the other is not.

Atomic Off-Centering and Grain Boundary Engineering Drive Extraordinary Thermoelectric Properties in AgSbSe.

AgSbSe is regarded as a promising p-type I-V-VI thermoelectric material owing to the intrinsically low thermal conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient. However, the intrinsic low electrical conductivity impedes the further enhancement of the thermoelectric performance of AgSbSe. Here, a novel approach is initiated to enhance the thermoelectric properties of AgSbSe by combining atomic off-centering with grain boundary engineering.

Targeted Reprogramming of Tumor Cells by Digoxin-Loaded Immunogenic Nanoparticles Enhances Immunity Against Disseminated Tumor Cells.

To potentiate the in situ vaccine effect of radiotherapy (RT), an "inflamed-cell-as-vaccine" strategy is proposed. Specifically, a biomimetic, tumor-targeting nanoparticle (rVAR2-M-NP) carrying a Digoxin-Ovalbumin (Dig-Ova) complex is engineered as its core payload. This nanoparticle-induced gentle immunogenic cell death (ICD) stress promotes self-inflammation in tumor cells without causing direct cytotoxicity.

Rational Design of Purely Inorganic Self-Healing Colloidal Hydrogels To Enable "Green" 3D Printing of Bioglass-Based Bone Substitutes.

3D printing of ceramics or glass typically requires sacrificial organic plasticizers and high-temperature sintering, which is time- and cost-consuming, potentially cytotoxic, and may compromise the bioactivity and functionality of the inorganic components. We herein developed purely inorganic self-healing colloidal gels, consisting of electrostatically attractive silica-based hard nanospheres, to enable 3D printing of highly strong inorganic constructs via additive-free and low temperature sintering (LTS) processing. Through cross-scale analysis of the structural and mechanical features, we quantitatively described the constitutive relationship of attractive colloidal gels based on the integration of colloidal assembly theory with experimental characterizations.

Optimizing Model Learning Performance on a Challenging Heck Reaction Yield Data Set.

The development of machine learning (ML) in organic synthesis is limited due to the lack of available data sets. The ML-compatible literature data set for Heck reaction yields, named HeckLit, has been established. With 10,002 cases, the data set spans multiple reaction subclasses and covers a larger chemical space compared to high-throughput experimentation data sets, including nearly 3.

Factors associated with secondary thoracotomy for hemostasis following lung surgery: a retrospective analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to systematically investigate the causes and management of secondary thoracotomy for hemostasis following lung cancer surgery. Although infrequent, secondary thoracotomy can lead to prolonged hospitalization, increased costs, and additional patient trauma. However, prior research has been limited to case reports or experience-based summaries, lacking a comprehensive analysis of this issue.

A novel high-pressure low-temperature interface shear apparatus: Mechanical behavior of interface between hydrate-bearing sediment and foundation structure.

Metastable hydrates are widely distributed in shallow deep-sea sediments, posing significant risks to the long-term stability of offshore foundation structures. Unveiling the weakening mechanisms at the hydrate-bearing sediment-structure interface is crucial for establishing a theoretical framework for the safe design of deep-sea structures. A high-pressure (up to 12.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine and irinotecan guided by UGT1A1 status in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: 5-year update of the CinClare trial.

Background: The optimal regimen and chemotherapy intensity are still under investigation for neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The CinClare trial has demonstrated improved pathologic complete response (pCR) with the addition of irinotecan to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) guided by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) genotype in LARC. Here, we report the 5-year follow-up outcomes of the CinClare study.

Beyond Density: Unveiling the Trade-Off in Catalytic Site Optimization Using Defect-Engineered UiO-66.

Enhancing intrinsic activity and increasing catalytic site density are two widely employed strategies to improve catalytic performance. Although typically considered independently, their interplay remains poorly understood. Here, two UiO-66 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with distinct catalytic site densities-linker-defective UiO-66L and cluster-defective UiO-66C-are synthesized and systematically compared.