A generalist foundation model and database for open-world medical image segmentation.

Vision foundation models have demonstrated vast potential in achieving generalist medical segmentation capability, providing a versatile, task-agnostic solution through a single model. However, current generalist models involve simple pre-training on various medical data containing irrelevant information, often resulting in the negative transfer phenomenon and degenerated performance. Furthermore, the practical applicability of foundation models across diverse open-world scenarios, especially in out-of-distribution (OOD) settings, has not been extensively evaluated.

Targeted Reprogramming of Tumor Cells by Digoxin-Loaded Immunogenic Nanoparticles Enhances Immunity Against Disseminated Tumor Cells.

To potentiate the in situ vaccine effect of radiotherapy (RT), an "inflamed-cell-as-vaccine" strategy is proposed. Specifically, a biomimetic, tumor-targeting nanoparticle (rVAR2-M-NP) carrying a Digoxin-Ovalbumin (Dig-Ova) complex is engineered as its core payload. This nanoparticle-induced gentle immunogenic cell death (ICD) stress promotes self-inflammation in tumor cells without causing direct cytotoxicity.

Climate Change Drives Northwestward Migration of : A Multi-Scenario MaxEnt Modeling Approach.

Climate change poses unprecedented challenges to forest ecosystems. , a tree species with significant ecological and economic value in southern China, has been the subject of studies on its distribution pattern and response to climate change. However, research on the distribution pattern of and its response to climate change remains relatively limited.

Comparative efficacy of selenium nanoparticles vs. sodium selenite in mitigating summer stress: Enhancing egg biofortification, antioxidant defense, and hatchability in aged laying breeder hens.

This study investigated the effects of different levels of selenium nanoparticles (Nano-Se) and sodium selenite (SS) on the production performance, egg quality, hatchability, yolk selenium (Se) deposition, serum antioxidant enzyme of aged laying breeder hens in summer, as well as to evaluate the relative biological potency of Nano-Se relative to SS. A total of 756 healthy 60-week-old Hy-Line Grey laying hens were randomly divided into 9 groups, with 6 replicates in each group (13 hens and 1 roosters), After 4 weeks of Se depletion, all groups were provided with the same basal diet (no Se supplementation) fortified with SS or Nano-Se at concentration of 0.0 mg/kg, 0.

Polystyrene microplastics disrupt kidney organoid development via oxidative stress and Bcl-2/Bax/caspase pathway.

Microplastics (MPs), particularly polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), have emerged as significant environmental pollutants with potential risks to human health. Their presence has been detected in human tissues, including blood and placental tissue, raising concerns about developmental effects. However, MPs' effects on the development of human organs are still mostly unknown.

A Novel Gelatinase-Responsive Self-Assembled Antimicrobial Peptide for Combating Drug-Resistant Bacterial Infection.

The rising threat of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections demands innovative antimicrobial strategies that combine rapid bactericidal action with minimized resistance development. Despite the promising prospects of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) due to their rapid bactericidal effect and unique membrane disruption mechanism, toxicity and stability issues have hindered their clinical application. Here, we designed a gelatinase-responsive self-assembled AMP (PEG-PR-26) to overcome the limitations of natural AMPs and to combat methicillin-resistant (MRSA).

GRPEL2 Modulates Apoptosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma via the JNK Signaling Pathway.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common malignancy worldwide with a low survival rate due to a lack of therapeutic targets. Here we found that the mitochondria-related gene GrpE-like 2 (GRPEL2) transcript levels are significantly upregulated in ESCC patient samples, and its high expression predicts poor prognosis. Knockdown of GRPEL2 aggravated suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation.

Fabrication of porous Cl-NbO nanostructures with large surface areas for photodegradation of organic contaminant: Morphology evolution, performance, and mechanism.

Fabricating semiconductor photocatalysts with abundant oxygen vacancies and porous structures contributes to charge separation and surface photocatalytic degradation reactions. In this work, porous Cl-NbO nanostructures were synthesized via a calcination method using NbCl as the niobium and chlorine sources to achieve efficient tetracycline degradation under visible-light irradiation. Porous NbO nanostructures were formed during the calcination process accompanied by the generation of oxygen vacancies.

Establishing Ohmic contact with ultra-thin semiconductor layer through magnetron sputtering for dendrite-free Zn metal batteries.

The improvement in reversibility and kinetics for Zn metal anodes is crucial to facilitate the further application of aqueous zinc ion batteries. However, the abnormal surface-caused dendrites and parasitic reactions significantly impede the commercial application. Herein, we established Ohmic contact by fabricating an ultrathin semiconductor ZnTe (∼150 nm) layer on the Zn surface via magnetron sputtering to form an electron enrichment region for zinc ions attraction.

Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids: A Platform for Precision Therapy of Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant cause of cancer-related mortality on a global scale. It is a highly heterogeneous cancer, and the response of patients to homogeneous drug therapy varies considerably. Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) represent an optimal preclinical model for cancer research.

Deep Learning Radiomics Based on MRI for Differentiating Benign and Malignant Parapharyngeal Space Tumors.

Objective: The study aims to establish a pre-academic diagnostic tool based on deep learning and conventional radiomics features to guide the clinical decision-making of parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors.

Methods: This retrospective study included 217 patients with PPS tumors, from two medical centers in China from March 1, 2011, to October 1, 2023. The study cohort was divided into a training set (n = 145) and a test set (n = 72).

Cerebral biomimetic nano-drug delivery systems: A frontier strategy for immunotherapy.

Brain diseases are a significant threat to human health, especially in the elderly, and this problem is growing as the aging population increases. Efficient brain-targeted drug delivery has been the greatest challenge in treating brain disorders due to the unique immune environment of the brain, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, cerebral biomimetic nano-drug delivery systems (CBNDSs) have provided a promising strategy for brain targeting by mimicking natural biological materials.

[Enhancing PET degradation efficiency through fusing carbohydrate-binding modules in LCC-ICCG].

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a largely-produced polymer worldwide. However, its extensive waste generation and resistance to degradation pose significant environmental concerns. Consequently, there is considerable interest in researching enzymatic degradation of PET.

Reconfigurable Five-In-One Carbon Nanotube Optoelectronic Transistor for Intelligent Computing and Communication.

Advances in artificial general intelligence (AGI) necessitate the integration of diverse functionalities to address complex tasks. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their unique physical properties, have broad applications in emerging research fields, providing a foundation for next-generation devices that could overcome the limits of Moore's Law. This work demonstrates a novel intelligent device that integrates five functions─sensors, memory, neuromorphic computing, logic, and communication─using CNT field-effect transistors (CNFETs) compatible with CMOS processes.

Effects of pleiotrophin (PTN) on the FAK inhibitor Y15 in breast cancer cells.

Overexpression of PTN (Pleiotrophin) in breast cancer cells stimulates breast cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis via the FAK/Src signaling pathway.1,2,4,5-Benzenetetramine tetrahydrochloride (CHClN) known as Y15 is an inhibitor that specifically blocks phosphorylation of Y397-FAK and total FAK phosphorylation. The exogenous PTN protein was induced to be expressed by a prokaryotic expression strain.

A comparison of the physical activity levels of 3-to-6-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder and children with typical development.

Background: Physical activity during early development is closely related to health. Differences in physical activity between young children with autism spectrum disorder and those with typical development are unclear. The purpose of this study was to compare the physical activity levels in children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing children from the same area, including their sedentary physical activity, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and number of days in which the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity guideline recommendation of 60 min per day was met.

Palladium-Catalyzed Denitrative α-Arylation of Heteroarenes with Nitroarenes via C-H and C-NO Bond Activations.

A general approach for the α-arylation of heteroarenes with nitroarenes via denitrative coupling is reported for the first time. Various heteroarenes, including derivatives of furan, benzofuran, pyrrole, indole, thiophene, and benzothiophene, can be arylated at the α-position in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reaction proceeds via a CMD pathway, with C-H bond activation as the rate-determining step.

Electrodeposition of Ni/Cu Bimetallic Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks Electrocatalysts with Boosted Oxygen Reduction Activity for Zinc-Air Batteries.

Zinc-air batteries employing non-Pt cathodes hold significant promise for advancing cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, poor intrinsic electrical conductivity and aggregation tendency hinder the application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as active ORR cathodes. Conductive MOFs possess various atomically dispersed metal centers and well-aligned inherent topologies, eliminating the additional carbonization processes for achieving high conductivity.

Enhanced degradation of phenolic pollutants by a novel cold-adapted laccase from Peribacillus simplex.

Laccase (EC 1.10.3.

Synergistic enhancement of oxygen vacancy enrichment and morphology regulation in CeO-NiCoO heterostructure catalysts for high-performance cathodes in direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cells.

Hydrogen peroxide (HO) emerges as a viable oxidant for fuel cells, necessitating the development of an efficient and cost-effective electrocatalyst for the hydrogen peroxide reduction reaction (HPRR). In this study, we synthesized a self-supporting, highly active HPRR electrocatalyst comprising two morphologically distinct components: CeO-NiCoO nanowires and CeO-NiCoO metal organic framework derivatives, via a two-step hydrothermal process followed by air calcination. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of CeO and NiCoO, revealing the amalgamated interface between them.

Association of Collagen Changes in Distal Anastomotic Margin and Anastomotic Stenosis after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) for rectal cancer can lead to structural changes in collagen in the tumor microenvironment and increase the risk of postoperative anastomotic stenosis (AS). However, the quantitative relationship between AS and collagen has not been defined. This study is to quantitatively analyze the collagen features in rectal cancer and explore the relationship between the changes of collagen and postoperative anastomotic stenosis after nCRT.

Designing ultrathin Fe doped TaO nanobelts for highly enhanced ammonia photosynthesis.

Solar-light photosynthesis of ammonia form N reduction in ultrapure water over the artificial photocatalysts is attractive but still challenging compared with Haber-Bosch process. In this work, ultrathin Fe-TaO nanobelts were fabricated via the controllable solvothermal process for ammonia photosynthesis. The formed oxygen vacancies and Fe doping narrowed their bandgap energies and promoted the carriers' separation and transfer for Fe-TaO nanobelts.

Direct Synthesis of α-Ketoamides via Copper-Catalyzed Reductive Amidation of Nitroarenes with α-Oxocarboxylic Acids.

Nitroarenes are known for their stability, low toxicity, easy availability, and cost-effectiveness, making them one of the most fundamental chemical feedstocks. The direct utilization of nitroarenes as nitrogen sources in amidation reactions offers significant advantages over using arylamines. Herein, we disclose a streamlined method for constructing α-ketoamides through the direct coupling of nitroarenes with α-oxocarboxylic acids.