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A general approach for the α-arylation of heteroarenes with nitroarenes via denitrative coupling is reported for the first time. Various heteroarenes, including derivatives of furan, benzofuran, pyrrole, indole, thiophene, and benzothiophene, can be arylated at the α-position in moderate to good yields. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the reaction proceeds via a CMD pathway, with C-H bond activation as the rate-determining step. Furthermore, the scalability and applicability in the synthesis of a drug molecule exemplify the utility of this protocol.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02340 | DOI Listing |
Acc Chem Res
September 2025
Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada.
ConspectusMolecular photochemistry, by harnessing the excited states of organic molecules, provides a platform fundamentally distinct from thermochemistry for generating reactive open-shell or spin-active species under mild conditions. Among its diverse applications, the resurgence of the Minisci-type reaction, a transformation historically reliant on thermally initiated radical conditions, has been fueled by modern photochemical strategies with improved efficiency and selectivity. Consequently, the photochemical Minisci-type reaction ranks among the most enabling methods for C()-H functionalizations of heteroarenes, which are of particular significance in medicinal chemistry for the rapid diversification of bioactive scaffolds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
September 2025
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
We herein report the Minisci-type redox-neutral decarboxylative hydroxyalkylation of heteroarenes under photocatalyst- and transition-metal-free conditions. This methodology tolerates various functional groups that can be subsequently elaborated. Upon absorption of photons, the excited state of the α-oxocarboxylic acid forms an acyl radical, which adds to the protonated heteroarene to give the desired product after a spin center shift (SCS), reduction, and deprotonation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
September 2025
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Green Manufacturing Technology for Chemical Drugs, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China.
The regioselective functionalization of C─H bonds at positions with nearly identical chemical environments remains a pivotal challenge in synthetic chemistry. While conventional hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) strategies dominate current methodologies, their limitations in selectivity drive the pursuit of alternative mechanisms. Here, we report a photoelectrochemically cooperative catalytic system mediated by a polypyridyl cobalt catalyst, enabling highly regioselective α-heteroarylation of ethers, alcohols, and amides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
August 2025
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China.
Visible-light-induced photoredox catalysis has emerged as a robust tool in organic chemistry for achieving controllable radical transformations, facilitating reactions involving radical intermediates under mild, selective, and sustainable conditions. This approach offers efficient pathways for multicomponent reactions. Concurrently, the Minisci reaction represents a streamlined strategy for direct C-H functionalization of heteroarenes using nucleophilic radicals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
August 2025
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States.
-vinyl azoles are prevalent moieties in pharmaceuticals, and fluorovinyl groups are widely recognized as carbonyl bioisosteres in drug design. Thus, -fluorovinylated heteroarenes represent highly desirable functional groups in medicinal chemistry. To streamline the development of novel -fluorovinylation and -pentafluoropropenylation reactions, herein we safely handle fluorinated gases, such as vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and hexafluoropropene (HFP), as solid reagents using a metal-organic framework (MOF), Mg(dobdc) (dobdc = 2,5-dioxidobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate).
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