Construction of environmentally friendly multifunctional core-shell flame retardant and its application in flame retardant polylactic acid.

The flammability and poor ultraviolet (UV) aging resistance of polylactic acid (PLA) limit its applications outdoors and in fields requiring flame retardancy. To address these limitations, this study designed ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the core, the biopolymer chitosan (CS) as the inner shell, and lignin (LK) as the outer shell. CS and LK are deposited on the surface of APP via electrostatic interaction in the aqueous phase to prepare a core-shell structure flame retardant APP@CS@LK with anti-UV aging properties.

Dual sulfur sources redox dynamics guided growth of 〈hk1〉-oriented SbS microrods: lattice strain modulation for ultra-low dark current.

Antimony trisulfide (SbS) has emerged as a promising inorganic semiconductor for optoelectronics due to its distinctive anisotropic crystal structure and suitable bandgap (∼1.7 eV). While hydrothermal synthesis remains challenging for achieving high crystallinity and controlled morphology, we developed an innovative dual‑sulfur precursor strategy utilizing sodium thiosulfate (STS) and thioacetamide (TAA) at a 7:2 M ratio with SbCl.

Preparation of TiCTMXene-based copper/cobalt composites for electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis.

MXenes represent exceptionally promising electrocatalytic materials for ammonia synthesis, owing to their outstanding electrical conductivity, modifiable surface functional groups, exceptional hydrophilicity, high specific surface area, and electronegative surface characteristics. In this investigation, we systematically demonstrate that the persistent challenge of Cu and Co nanoparticle agglomeration can be effectively addressed through the in-situ growth of bimetallic CuCo nanoparticles on TiCTMXene nanosheets. This innovative approach significantly enlarges the electrochemically active surface area, maximizes the exposure of catalytically active sites, and optimizes mass transport properties, consequently leading to substantially enhanced electrocatalytic performance for ammonia synthesis.

Discovery of Potential GPRC5D Inhibitors through Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

G protein-coupled receptor family C, group 5, member D (GPRC5D), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, has recently emerged as a promising target for immunotherapy in hematologic malignancies, particularly multiple myeloma. However, no systematic virtual screening studies have been conducted to identify small-molecule inhibitors targeting GPRC5D. To address this gap, a multistep computational screening strategy is developed that integrates Protein-Ligand Affinity prediction NETwork (PLANET), a GPU-accelerated version of AutoDock Vina (Vina-GPU), molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA), and an online tool for Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) property prediction (admetSAR 3.

Virulence-mediated colonization mechanism for TEP as a promising watershed-scale recorder and source-tracking indicator of human pathogens.

Waterborne pathogens related diseases have been a global health concern. Precise source tracking of pathogens in rivers is crucial for understanding and reducing waterborne pathogens transmission risks. Current microbial source tracking techniques are still limited by identifying pathogen indicators at low concentrations, particularly in highly dynamic confluence zones of rivers where the coalescence of microbiomes exacerbates community disturbances.

Progress on the synthesis of bioengineered heparin as an alternative to animal-derived heparin active pharmaceutical ingredient.

Heparin, a clinically essential anticoagulant, has long been derived from animal sources, posing risks of contamination and supply chain instability. Bioengineered heparin, synthesized via microbial fermentation and enzymatic modification, offers a promising alternative with enhanced safety, homogeneity, and scalability. This review highlights recent advances in heparosan biosynthesis, enzymatic sulfation strategies, and analytical characterization for bioengineered heparin.

UBE2D2 promotes gastric cancer progression by inhibiting ferroptosis through autophagy-dependent stabilization of CST1.

Gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis (GCPM) is an aggressive condition with poor survival, underscoring the need for new therapeutic targets. This study investigates the role of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D2 (UBE2D2) in gastric cancer (GC). Analysis of clinical samples revealed that UBE2D2 is overexpressed in GC tissues and correlates with poor prognosis.

An arbitrary-modal fusion network for volumetric cranial nerves tract segmentation.

The segmentation of cranial nerves (CNs) tract provides a valuable quantitative tool for the analysis of the morphology and trajectory of individual CNs. Multimodal CN segmentation networks, e.g.

Cold-brewed yellow tea showed stronger inhibition on high-fat diet induced mice obesity than that hot brewed, due to higher non-ester catechins content based on metabolomic profile.

This study evaluated the effect of Mogan large-leaf yellow tea (MG-LYT) on preventing obesity. It was found that cold-brewed yellow tea has stronger anti-obesity effects in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice than hot-brewed tea, due to its higher content of non-esterified catechins, as shown by metabolomic and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Notably, epigallocatechin (EGC), a key non-ester catechin, likely enhances pancreatic lipase inhibition through allosteric modulation, which explains the greater effectiveness of cold-brewed tea.

A functional and applied perspective of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin: from oxygen carriage to biotechnological innovation.

Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb), a homodimeric bacterial hemoglobin, exhibits distinct oxygen-binding properties that enhance cellular respiration and metabolic activity, particularly under hypoxic conditions. This review presents an updated and comprehensive synthesis of VHb-related research, encompassing its molecular structure, redox biochemistry, and transcriptional regulation. Compared with previous reviews, this work integrates recent mechanistic insights-especially those concerning transcription factor interactions, redox-coupled electron transfer, and structural-function relationships elucidated via targeted mutagenesis.

Decoding flavor diversity in lemon varieties: a multivariate flavoromics approach coupled with statistical analysis for comprehensive flavor profiling.

Lemon is widely valued for its bioactive components and unique flavor, which are influenced by diverse volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study implemented flavoromics, a comprehensive profiling of flavor, combining non-volatile flavor with E-nose, HS-SPME-GC--MS, HS-GC-IMS, relative odor activity value (ROAV), and multivariate statistical analysis to systematically characterize the aroma profiles of five lemon varieties (Rough lemon, Key lime, Eureka lemon, Tahiti lime, and Rosso lemon). A total of 44 and 50 VOCs were identified by HS-SPME-GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS, respectively.

Interaction Between Konjac Glucomannan and Gut Microbiota and Its Impact on Health.

Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a natural polysaccharide polymer. It is degraded by gut microbiota-derived β-mannanase into small-molecule nutrients, which exert diverse physiological regulatory effects. As a prebiotic, KGM modulates gut microbiota composition.

Engineering Donor-Acceptor Arrangement in Perylene Diimide-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Photocatalysis.

The photocatalytic efficiency of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) is governed by the spatial arrangement of donor-acceptor (D-A) moieties, which strongly influences exciton transport. However, precise control over D-A alignment, especially across intra- and interlayer dimensions, remains a key challenge for optimizing singlet oxygen (O) generation. Here, we present a linker geometry-directed approach to modulate D-A organization within perylene diimide (PDI)-based COFs.

Morinda citrifolia (noni) polysaccharides: Extraction methods, molecular structures, and biological activities.

Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) has been traditionally consumed as both food and medicine, with its polysaccharides (NPs) increasingly recognized for their diverse bioactivities and potential applications in functional foods and therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive and critical synthesis of recent advances in the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological functions of NPs.

Synthesis of highly pH-responsive lignin-based polycarboxylic acids and their application in cellulase recovery.

Recycling cellulase by using pH-responsive additives is an effective strategy for reducing the cost of lignocellulosic enzymatic hydrolysis. Traditional pH-responsive additives have limitations, including an insensitive pH response or weak binding to enzyme proteins, which restrict their industrial applications. The strong binding property of lignin to enzyme proteins was used to construct a series of ultra-high pH-responsive lignin-modified copolymers containing amide and carboxylic acid groups (L-CPM), which were obtained by using lignin cross-link pH-sensitive prepolymers containing amide and carboxylic acid groups (CPM).

Electrostatic and functional group-mediated biosorption of microalgae and lead using biosafe Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 fungal pellets.

Co-occurring algal blooms and lead (Pb) pollution pose severe threts to freshwater ecosystems. In this study, Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae) 3.

Effect of linusorbs on oxidative stability of lipid systems with different unsaturation and the antioxidant mechanism.

The antioxidant capacity and mechanism of linusorbs (LOs) on lipid systems with different unsaturation was unclear. This study aimed to explore the oxidative stability of flaxseed oil (FO), walnut oil (WO), and camellia oil (CO) in the presence of LOs in order to recognize the impacts of unsaturation degree of the lipid systems on the performance of natural antioxidants. By the evaluation of fatty acid compositions, PV/CD and AV/p-AV value, and changes of characteristic peaks in Raman spectra, LOs can inhibit oil oxidation in different lipid systems, especially potent for C18:3-based FO, followed by C18:2-based WO, and C18:1-based CO.

Dual-modal fusion of hierarchical image features and spectral data for efficient quantitative analysis of mineral elements in rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves.

Rapid and accurate quantification of mineral elements in plants facilitates the optimization of cultivation strategies and provides theoretical support for heavy metal pollution control. Compared to traditional chemical detection methods, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) offers rapid, simultaneous multi-element analysis. However, the quantitative accuracy of LIBS is often hindered by challenges such as sample heterogeneity and the inherent matrix effects arising from the physical and chemical properties of samples.

Oriented near-surface catalytic oxidation through strengthening surface-localized radical generation over CoFe bimetallic sites: Synergistic mechanism and electro-assisted regeneration.

Nanocatalysts-catalyzed heterogeneous advanced oxidation process offers a promising option for decentralized wastewater treatment, whereas free reactive oxygen species (ROS) suffer from ultrashort lifetime and self-quenching effect. Herein, bimetallic CoFe-layered double hydroxide nanorods are synthesized over three-dimensional conductive nickel foam (CoFe-LDHs/NF) to achieve high proportion of surface-localized ROS by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The Fe incorporation motivates electron redistribution of Co-Fe dual metal sites in stoichiometrically-optimized CoFe-LDHs/NF, and promotes the binding affinity of Co sites for surface complexed PMS and ROS.

Neem (): A Miracle Herb; Panacea for All Ailments.

The neem tree (), native to the Indian subcontinent, has recently gained global recognition because of its extensive therapeutic qualities. It contains a high concentration of antioxidants and other valuable active substances including azadirachtin, salannin, nimbidin, nimbolinin, nimbidol, nimbin, and quercetin, which are extracted from various plant parts. It has been widely utilized in Ayurveda, Unani, and Homeopathic treatments and has gained significant attention in modern medicine.

Ion Luminescent Micelles: A Surfactant-Mediated Double-End Signal Amplification Strategy for Portable Detection of Phoxim.

Residues of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) raise considerable concern, while achieving high enough detection sensitivity is still a challenge for on-site fluorescence techniques. Herein, we report a "double-end samplification" strategy by encapsulating a low-emission fluorescent ion probe [DCF][P] into a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) hydrophobic core to form ionic luminescent micelles. At the probe end, ionic liquid micelles locally concentrated the probes, achieving a 350-fold fluorescence enhancement.

Organic Photoredox Catalytic Functionalization of Alkynones To Acess Heterocycles Containing 1,4-Dicarbonyl Structures and 3-Thioarylated Thioflavones.

Herein, we report an efficient visible-light-mediated reaction of alkynones with ethyl diazoacetate for the construction of cyclic frameworks containing the 1,4-dicarbonyl moiety. In this photocatalytic system, a readily available phenothiazine derivative serves as the organic catalyst, which, upon photoexcitation, gains strong reducing power to facilitate the divergent synthesis of structurally diverse thioflavone derivatives. This metal-free protocol exhibits broad substrate scope and mild reaction conditions, providing a versatile and sustainable approach to high-value heterocycles.

A Versatile Cryoprotection Strategy to Improve Frozen Quality of Food Gels Based on Solvent Displacement Strategy.

In this work, a natural zwitterionic, betaine with varied dosages (4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12%, w/v) was used to improve the freeze-thaw stability of frozen surimi gels. Specifically, Group 8B-S (8% betaine, w/v) increased gel strength and storage modulus of frozen surimi gels by 25.03% and 26.

Generalizable 2D Medical Image Segmentation Via Wavelet-Guided Spatial-Frequency Fusion Network.

Medical image segmentation faces significant challenges in cross-domain scenarios due to variations in imaging protocols and device-specific artifacts. While existing methods leverage either spatial-domain features or global frequency transforms (e.g.