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Lemon is widely valued for its bioactive components and unique flavor, which are influenced by diverse volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study implemented flavoromics, a comprehensive profiling of flavor, combining non-volatile flavor with E-nose, HS-SPME-GC--MS, HS-GC-IMS, relative odor activity value (ROAV), and multivariate statistical analysis to systematically characterize the aroma profiles of five lemon varieties (Rough lemon, Key lime, Eureka lemon, Tahiti lime, and Rosso lemon). A total of 44 and 50 VOCs were identified by HS-SPME-GC-MS and HS-GC-IMS, respectively. Strikingly, 50 aroma-active compounds and 38 differential markers were identified as critical drivers of flavor divergence, including some trace VOCs that exhibited disproportionately high odor contributions. The complementarity of above methods demonstrated high accuracy in lemon varietal discrimination, with Rough lemon and Rosso lemon exhibiting the most divergent profiles. This study provides a robust methodological framework for lemon flavor characterization and offers insights into the chemical basis of aroma differences.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.146119 | DOI Listing |
J Sci Food Agric
September 2025
Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.
Background: Secondary fermentation can reduce variability in cocoa bean quality caused by the spontaneous, uncontrolled nature of primary fermentation. However, its optimization remains unexplored. This study evaluated the improvement of secondary fermentation through the combined use of Citrus limon peel and inoculation with Candida tropicalis H1Y4-1 as a starter.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Sci Nutr
September 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA.
Lemon balm (), a perennial herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is widely recognized for its medicinal properties and therapeutic benefits. This review offers a detailed exploration of the botanical features, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological uses of , highlighting key bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids (including rosmarinic and caffeic acids), flavonoids, essential oils (such as citral and citronellal), and triterpenoids (ursolic and oleanolic acids). Advanced extraction techniques, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), have greatly improved the efficiency of extraction, the preservation of bioactivity, and the sustainability of acquiring these bioactive compounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the present study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effect of hesperidin. The research was conducted by optimizing the hesperidin extraction process from citrus peel powder, followed by characterization and nutrition profiling of citrus peel hesperidin extract. Citrus peel was collected from the local market and dried in a hot air oven.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
September 2025
Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China. Electronic address:
Large-scale anaerobic treatment involves a high risk of antibiotic pollution in anaerobically digested (AD) biosolids, which hinders the efficient utilization of farmland AD biosolids. Herein, a process for the in situ removal of antibiotics from AD biosolids using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate as the release agent synergized with sodium persulfate oxidation is reported. The developed process was used to remove antibiotics from actual AD biosolids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Econ Entomol
September 2025
Department of Entomology and Nematology, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC), University of Florida/IFAS, Immokalee, FL, USA.
The Citrus Under Protective Screen is a novel production system implemented to grow citrus free of huanglongbing disease vectored by Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. Other significant pests such as mites, scales, thrips, mealybugs, and leafminers, as well as parasitoids and small predators, have been identified from Citrus Under Protective Screen and require management. Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.
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