A comprehensive insight into NETosis-extracellular vesicle crosstalk in autoimmune diseases.

Neutrophils are granular and polymorphonuclear cells and one of the main participants of the innate immune system, which have received considerable attention due to the discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly those released by immune cells such as neutrophils, have been associated with the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Besides, studies have reported a fundamental correlation between EVs and NETosis in autoimmune diseases.

Engineering the Microbiome: a Novel Approach to Managing Autoimmune Diseases.

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, affecting millions of people and often requiring long-term treatment. Current therapies, such as immunosuppressants and biologics, help manage symptoms but can cause serious side effects. A promising new approach involves engineered microbiota-a method that modifies gut bacteria to influence immune function and potentially ease autoimmune conditions.

Synthesis of an efficient MOF heterogeneous catalyst (UiO-66-NH-Pd) for C-O cross-coupling reactions.

This study successfully encapsulated palladium nanoparticles within the metal-organic framework material UiO-66 using a straightforward method. Utilizing a microwave-assisted process, the pores of UiO-66 were activated, and the metal precursors were simultaneously reduced in the presence of a reducing agent. The morphological and physicochemical properties of the resulting material were thoroughly analyzed using various techniques, including EDX, SEM, XRD, TGA, BET, and ICP-OES.

Deciphering autophagy signaling in cancer: A paradigm shift from molecular classifications to clinical innovations.

The intracellular breakdown process known as autophagy occurs when cells experience adverse conditions, such as organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, hypoxia stress, low energy levels, or nutritional deprivation. The autophagic process begins by forming autophagosomes, which then merge with lysosomes to recycle degraded materials. Autophagy functions in multiple ways to affect cancer development and treatment outcomes.

Serum tyrosine associates with increased CSF Aβ42, reduced Aβ deposition, and cognitive improvement in MCI: modulation by confounding factors.

Tyrosine, a precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, has shown mixed results in cognitive impairment studies, suggesting a complex role in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study is the first to explore its relationship with CSF amyloid-beta (Aβ) 42, Aβ accumulation, and cognitive function in MCI ( = 251). Cognitive function was assessed using ADAS-Cog, serum tyrosine by UPLC-MS/MS, Aβ42 by ELISA, and Aβ accumulation florbetapir PET with SUVr, all validated with quality control.

Molecular regulation by ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) in HCC: cell cycle, oncogenic signaling, and beyond.

Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are a large family of deubiquitinating enzymes that all serve the important function of removing ubiquitin moieties from target proteins, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Post-translational modifications, including ubiquitin modifications, play a crucial role in regulating protein stability, localization, and function, thereby profoundly influencing cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and the response to DNA damage. Increasingly extensive evidence indicates that altered USP activity creates dysfunction of these fundamental cellular pathways and initiates and promotes multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Computational study of the adsorption and biosensing of cytosine and guanine nucleobases by Cu, Ni, Ag and Au cluster modified InSe nanosheets: Applications to DNA sequencing.

First principles calculations were carried out to investigate the adsorption of cytosine and guanine nucleobases on the transition metals (Cu, Ni, Ag and Au) modified InSe nanosheets. The main aim was to explore effective biosensing nanomaterials for detection of DNA nucleobases by analyzing the structural and electronic properties like adsorption energies, charge density maps, band structures, work functions and recovery times. The formation energy analysis confirm the structural stability of all transition metal modified InSe nanosheets.

Ferroptosis rewired: ncRNA gatekeepers as pharmacological targets in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can alter cellular programs, such as iron homeostasis and antioxidant defenses, creating a pathway to ferroptosis, an iron-dependent mechanism of cellular death, as a viable therapeutic approach. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including both microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have recently been shown to be potent regulatory molecules involved in gene expression and cell fates, including apoptosis and inflammation. This review summarizes the current literature regarding ncRNAs' multiple and complex roles in mediating HCC ferroptosis.

Optimization of Pyrocatechol and p-Cresol adsorption onto a composite of Chitosan and polyacrylamide incorporated with zeolitic imidazolate Framework-8.

The objective of the current research was to adsorb pyrocatechol and p-cresol from a water-based solution using CS-PAA-ZIF-8. Response surface methodology (RSM) using central composite design (CCD) was utilized to examine and optimize the process variables. These variables included pH, concentrations of pyrocatechol and p-cresol, mass of the adsorbent, and contact time.

Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and other ncRNA types, have emerged as key regulators in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors. This review aims to provide insights into the role of ncRNAs in these conditions and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. We systematically reviewed literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure comprehensive coverage of recent advancements.

Interactions in hepatic tumor microenvironment: Potential targets and modulations for effective therapy.

The hepatic tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits complex interactions among diverse cellular components. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells actively communicate with the surrounding stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM). These interactions create an immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic environment.

Update on Application of Oncolytic Virus-Based Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite the development of several therapeutic strategies to treat HCC, the highly refractory nature of this disease limits therapeutic outcomes and patient survival. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a type of natural virus that can specifically infect and kill human tumor cells in HCC and have been extensively investigated as attractive live therapeutic agents for the treatment of HCC.

Nano optical (bio)sensing platforms for early detection of pediatric cancer.

Pediatric cancer refers to cancers that occur in children and adolescents, typically defined as those occuring under the age of 18. Although childhood cancers are relatively rare compared to adult cancers, they are a leading cause of death by disease in children. Early detection of childhood cancer is crucial for improving treatment outcomes and survival rates.

Combating oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: From mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disorder with a growing global impact, closely linked to metabolic syndrome and lifestyle factors. Oxidative stress, arising from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. It drives lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory cascades, exacerbating hepatic steatosis and promoting progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis.

Tumor immune evasion and the Let-7 family: insights into mechanisms and therapies.

Tumor immune evasion is a complex and adaptive mechanism that allows cancer cells to escape immune detection and destruction, contributing to malignancy progression and poor therapeutic outcomes. This review article explores the integral role of the let-7 family of microRNAs (miRNAs) in mediating tumor immune evasion, particularly how these regulators influence the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune cell functionality. The let-7 family, known for its tumor-suppressive roles, modulates key immune checkpoints, including PD-L1, and pathways linked to immune response regulation, such as the STAT3/SOCS axis, impacts macrophage polarization and modulates immune cell function.

Exploring the capability of tetra-penta-octagonal (TPO) graphene as anode material for sodium storage via DFT and AIMD calculations.

Batterie energy storage systems (BESSs) have a critical role in today's human society. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been introduced as potential BESSs for human demands. Herein, we probed the sodium storage characteristics of tetra-penta-octagonal (TPO) graphene for SIBs using DFT and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD) methods.

Dual role of miR-155 and exosomal miR-155 in tumor angiogenesis: implications for cancer progression and therapy.

Tumor angiogenesis facilitates cancer progression by supporting tumor growth and metastasis. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) plays a pivotal role in regulating angiogenesis through both direct effects on tumor and endothelial cells and indirect modulation via exosomal communication. This review highlights miR-155's pro-angiogenic influence on endothelial cell behavior and tumor microenvironment remodeling.

SiO@Benzothiazole-Cl@Fc as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazoles by A Coupling.

This research introduces the preparation and analysis of a newly heterogeneous catalyst developed silica nanospheres supporting a ferrocene-containing ionic liquid (IL) (SiO@Benzothiazole-Cl@Fc) for the A3 coupling reaction. The catalyst facilitates the efficient synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles from aromatic hydrazides, aldehydes, and aromatic alkynes. Incorporating ferrocene enhances the catalytic activity.

Exploring Exosome-Based Approaches for Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), like Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), present an increasingly significant global health burden, primarily due to the lack of effective early diagnostic tools and treatments. Exosomes-nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by nearly all cell types-have emerged as promising candidates for both biomarkers and therapeutic agents in NDs. This review examines the biogenesis, molecular composition, and diverse functions of exosomes in NDs.

Deciphering the role of circular RNAs in cancer progression under hypoxic conditions.

Hypoxia, characterized by reduced oxygen levels, plays a pivotal role in cancer progression, profoundly influencing tumor behavior and therapeutic responses. A hallmark of solid tumors, hypoxia drives significant metabolic adaptations in cancer cells, primarily mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a key transcription factor activated in low-oxygen conditions. This hypoxic environment promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enhancing cancer cell migration, metastasis, and the development of cancer stem cell-like properties, which contribute to therapy resistance.

A comprehensive review on carbonylation reactions: catalysis by magnetic nanoparticle-supported transition metals.

Magnetic catalysts have become a crucial innovation in carbonylation reactions, providing a sustainable and highly efficient means of synthesizing compounds that contain carbonyl groups. This review article explores the diverse and significant role of magnetic catalysts in various carbonylation processes, emphasizing their essential contributions to improving reaction rates, selectivity, and recyclability of catalysts. The distinctive magnetic properties of these catalysts enable straightforward separation and recovery, a feature that significantly mitigates waste and reduces environmental impact.

Silicon carbide and zirconium nitride-based surface plasmon resonance sensors for detecting Serratia marcescens and Micrococcus lysodeikticus.

A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor design for point-of-care detection of different bacteria is presented. It consists of a SiO prism, metal (Ag), silicon carbide (SiC), 2D materials of zirconium nitride (ZrN), and a sensing medium. The proposed structure's angular reflectivity is investigated using the transfer matrix method (TMM) following optimization of the Ag and SiC layer thicknesses.

MicroRNAs as biomarkers in brain metastasis.

Cancer patients face a particularly daunting obstacle when tumors spread to the brain, a condition that substantially increases mortality rates. Traditional diagnostic tools have proven inadequate, creating an urgent need for less invasive detection methods. Among emerging solutions, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have captured researchers' attention.

Predicting explainable dementia types with LLM-aided feature engineering.

Motivation: The integration of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare has immense potential due to the rapidly growing volume of clinical data. However, existing AI models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4, face significant challenges in terms of explainability and reliability, particularly in high-stakes domains like healthcare.

Results: This paper proposes a novel LLM-aided feature engineering approach that enhances interpretability by extracting clinically relevant features from the Oxford Textbook of Medicine.

The Role of Viral Infections in Acute Kidney Injury and Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy.

Viruses may cause a wide range of renal problems. Furthermore, many kidney diseases may be brought on by viral infections. Both the primary cause and a contributing factor of acute kidney injury (AKI) may be viral infections.