First-line pembrolizumab for metastatic NSCLC in lower-middle-income countries: bridging the efficacy-effectiveness gap.

Introduction: Pembrolizumab is a standard first-line therapy for advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (a/mNSCLC) lacking actionable mutations. Data from lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) remain scarce.

Methods: From January 2019 to June 2024, we prospectively analyzed 78 a/mNSCLC patients receiving pembrolizumab-based first-line therapy.

Leveraging data analytics to revolutionize cybersecurity with machine learning and deep learning.

The exponential growth of digital technologies has brought about a surge in the complexity and frequency of cyber-attacks, necessitating robust cyber security measures. This study introduces an innovative approach to cyber security data analysis by leveraging Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technology. The primary objective is to explore the potential of CNNs in accurately and efficiently detecting and classifying cyber security threats.

Associations of the Healthy Beverage Index and the risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary patterns can significantly influence CRC risk, with beverages playing a critical role. The Healthy Beverage Index (HBI) is a tool to assess the healthfulness of beverage consumption, yet its relationship with colorectal cancer risk has not been extensively studied.

Formulation development, characterization, and optimization of Eudragit-cinnamon essential oil-based nanoplatform and its efficacy against resistant bacteria.

Introduction: Microbial resistance is a growing global concern, necessitating the development of novel drug delivery system to combat the resistant bacterial strains. We aimed to formulate Eudragit based cinnamon essential oil loaded nanoplatform against resistant microbial strain.

Methods: Nanoparticles were characterized for zeta potential, PDI, particle size, SEM, FTIR, entrapment efficiency and drug release kinetic.

Application of response surface methodology for modeling adsorption of janus green and safranin-O on magnetic nanocomposite from aqueous solutions.

The presence of dyes in water bodies has become a significant concern in recent years. In this study, a magnetic nanocomposite synthesized from activated carbon (AC) and FeO nanoparticles (AC/FeO) was employed as an adsorbent to remove janus green (JG) and safranin-O (SO) dyes. The AC/FeO nanocomposite had particle sizes smaller than 100 nm.

Evaluation of optimized ELISA to detect anti-cytomegalovirus antibodies against immunogenic proteins.

Herpesviruses are common viruses that have infected the vast majority of people around the globe. Accurate diagnosis of these viruses using cost-effective methods is important, especially for asymptomatic cases. Diagnostic differentiation between naturally occurring antibodies and other antibodies is an area that requires investigation.

Magnetic agar-cellulose hydrogel/g-C₃N₄/ZnAl LDH@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite for efficient pirimicarb removal and antibacterial water purification.

This study focused on the development and application of a highly effective magnetic porous nanocomposite for the adsorption of pirimicarb, a carbamate pesticide commonly used for aphid control. This nanocomposite was prepared using agar, cellulose, graphitic carbon nitride, and ZnAl layered double hydroxide (Agar-Cellulose hydrogel/g-CN/Zn-Al LDH@FeO), and was characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, SEM, VSM, and TGA. Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) identified the best conditions as pH 7.

Total Syntheses of Deuterated Drugs: A Comprehensive Review.

Deuterium is a safe bioisostere of hydrogen, and its selective labeling has a great prominence in medicinal chemistry for the amelioration of the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs. The deuterium-labeled pharmaceutically active compounds have been observed to exhibit broad applications, either as deuterated drugs or as pharmacokinetic probes (biomarkers). The deuterated drugs offer improved bioactivity and metabolic profile in terms of tolerability, efficacy, and reduced toxicity.

Clinical insights into catechin-based nanomedicine: a review of therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases are characterized by progressive neuronal loss, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline. The most prevalent and bioactive catechin in green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), has shown promise as a neuroprotective agent because of its many biological properties. The review discusses the potential of EGCG in combating neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments through antioxidant benefits and signaling pathways.

DFT simulation to study the mechanical, electronic, thermal and superconducting properties of borocarbides materials AXBC where A = Y, La, Th and X = Pd, Pt.

The invention of superconductivity in quaternary borocarbides has been attracted great attraction in the recent time. Here, the elastic, electronic, thermal, superconducting and optical features of borocarbides materials AXBC (A = Y, La, Th and X = Pd, Pt) have been explored through ab-initio method with the help of CASTEP code. To explore the physical features of AXBC (A = Y, La, Th and X = Pd, Pt) we used the well-known density functional simulation (DFT) in addition to generalized gradient approximations (GGA).

The association between Dietary Obesity-Prevention Score (DOS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D): a case-control study.

Background: The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise, with dietary patterns recognized as a major contributing factor in its development. The Dietary Obesity-Prevention Score (DOS) is a validated tool designed to evaluate adherence to dietary behaviors associated with obesity prevention. This case-control study aimed to examine the association between adherence to the DOS and the risk of developing T2D.

Balance, gait, and postural control impairment and fall risk in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and breathing pattern disorder: A case-control study.

Up to 50% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PwCOPD) experience breathing pattern disorders (BPD) and are at fall risk. Limited information on clinical tests to identify balance and gait impairment and the fall risk in PwCOPD and confirmed BPD (PwCOPD + BPD) is available. This study compared clinical balance and gait measures and fall risk between the PwCOPD + BPD and the older adults without COPD (OAwoCOPD) and correlated the BPD severity to the balance and gait measures.

First-principles study of MAlC (M = Ti, Zr) MAX phases under hydrostatic pressure: material design for industrial applications.

MAX phase compounds, combining metallic and ceramic properties, are ideal for high-pressure environments due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, corrosion and oxidation resistance, and damage tolerance. This study investigates the structural, mechanical, electronic, thermal, and optical properties of MAlC (M = Ti, Zr) under hydrostatic pressure. Negative formation energies and positive phonon dispersion confirm thermodynamic and dynamic stability, while mechanical stability aligns with Born's criteria.

Exploring the Endoplasmic Reticulum's Role in Alzheimer's Disease and Its Potential as a Therapeutic Target.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by cognitive decline, particularly in memory and reasoning, which often culminates in severe dementia. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying AD remain elusive. One of the key contributors to AD pathogenesis is the dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an organelle involved in protein folding, calcium regulation, and lipid metabolism.

Modeling monkeypox transmission with a compartmental framework to evaluate testing, isolation and public awareness strategies.

Monkeypox (mpox), a viral infectious disease affecting both humans and non-human primates, has posed significant public health challenges, particularly in light of recent global outbreaks. This study develops a deterministic mathematical model to analyze the transmission dynamics of mpox, with a focus on the effects of self-isolation, testing, and public awareness in mitigating the spread of the virus. The model is calibrated using incidence data from the United States and employs a nonlinear least squares fitting method to reflect the observed epidemic trends accurately.

Quercetin as a multi-targeted therapeutic agent in breast cancer: molecular targets and therapeutic potential.

Breast cancer is a worldwide serious health issue with constantly recurring issues of drug resistance, toxicity, and recurrence. These limitations have prompted research on various drug compounds, particularly those derived from plants. Quercetin is one such compound, a flavonol dietary component.

Unlocking the role of tRNA-derived fragments in shaping breast cancer signaling.

A new class of tiny non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) known as tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) is produced when mature tRNAs or tRNA precursors are cleaved. The discovery of more and more tRFs with essential roles in many physiological and pathological processes has been made possible by advancements in high-throughput sequencing. tRFs are considered important regulators of human disorders, particularly cancer, because they may control cell viability, differentiation, and homeostasis via various methods.

Investigations of Materials and Technologies Behind Environmental Pollution Monitoring Sensors for Global Health.

Environmental pollution is a major concern, particularly in modern cities, due to its significant effects on human health and the global economy. These pollutants must be continuously monitored to prevent negative impacts on the environment. The scientific community has done in-depth studies on optimal environmental sensors from theory to practice in recent years.

Lipid-based nanocarriers in combination chemotherapy: a promising strategy for advanced skin cancer management.

Skin cancer is a prevalent and life-threatening condition, increasingly influenced by environmental changes, industrialization, and genetic factors, which contribute to its rising global incidence. Conventional chemotherapy remains a cornerstone of clinical treatment; however, its efficacy is limited by challenges such as poor drug solubility, low permeability, and systemic toxicity. Combination chemotherapy, leveraging additive or synergistic effects, has emerged as a superior approach, enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

Valorization of Coconut Shell and Blue Berries Seed Waste into Enhance Bacterial Enzyme Production: Co-fermentation and Co-cultivation Strategies.

Broad industrial application makes cellulolytic enzymes always in industrial demand with economic and sustainable production method. Production of cellulase enzymes via solid state fermentation mode using solid waste can resolve enzyme production and solid waste management issue in eco-friendly way. In present investigation, co-fermentation of solid wastes and microbial co-cultivation using potential cellulase producers strains have been applied as promising strategy for enhancement of cellulase at economical scale.

Marine Microbial Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Waste Water for Health and Environmental Sustainability: A Review.

Heavy metal pollution is result of large-scale industrialization and continuous anthropogenic activities which lead to cause severe environmental concern. Marine pollution is on rapid progress in recent years due to release of heavy toxicity induced by heavy metal pollutants and has become serious global threat for environmental security reasons. Bioremediation of marine heavy metal pollutants via marine microbial diversity is one of the most sustainable, adaptable and promising approach.

Epidemiological and molecular characterisation of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a tertiary care hospital, India.

This study investigates the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa among 382 clinical isolates. Carbapenemase production was significantly associated with male gender (χ = 4.97; p = 0.

The Significance of STAT3 in Colonic Diseases: A Comprehensive Study of Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Implications.

The transcriptional regulator signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays pivotal roles in vertebrate development and the functionality of mature tissues, particularly in modulating inflammation and immune responses. Mutations in STAT3 in humans are associated with various diseases, including immunodeficiencies, autoimmune disorders, and multiple cancers. Notably, both aberrant hyperactivation and inactivation of STAT3 are linked to disease manifestations, underscoring the need for tightly regulated STAT3 activity to maintain health.

Multivariate Statistical Evaluation of 20 Metals/Metalloid Levels in the Serum of Patients with Prostate Gland Diseases.

Unlabelled: The prostate gland diseases are associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC) and exposure to toxic trace elements may promote the prostatic disorders in men. The present study is intended to analyze the concentrations of twenty elements (Al, Sb, Ca, Se, Cd, Fe, Hg, As, Zn, Mn, Na, Li, Cu, Co, Mg, Sr, Ni, K, Cr and Pb) in the serum of BPH ( = 188) and PC ( = 217) patients and in comparison with controls ( = 233). Nitric acid-perchloric acid mixture was used for serum digestion followed by determination of the metals/metalloid by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

Antimicrobial resistance and beta-lactamase gene distribution among clinical isolates: a two-year cohort study.

A cohort investigation evaluated patient demographic information together with microbial detection patterns and antimicrobial drug resistance in a total group of 2,098 patients. Results showed an equally distributed sample consisting of 51.8% inpatients matched with 47.