Mechanisms of the Ershiwuwei Guijiu Pill in Treating Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Based on Network Analysis and Experimental Validation.

BackgroundThe Tibetan medicine Ershiwuwei Guijiu Pill (EWGP), a classic Tibetan medicine prescription for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) in the Qinghai-Tibet region, has attracted extensive attention due to its curative effects on gynecological diseases. However, its chemical ingredients and molecular mechanism are still unclear.Aim of the studyTo analyze the chemical constituents and effective serum chemical metabolites of EWGP and to explore the molecular mechanism of EWGP in treating PMOP through network analysis and experimental validation.

Precisely Bonded Fe─Cu Diatomic Sites with Nitrogen-Bridged Coordination on Hollow CN Spheres for Efficient C─N Coupling and Selective Photocatalytic Urea Synthesis.

The photocatalytic synthesis of urea from CO and N co-reduction presents a promising alternative to the conventional energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. However, competitive adsorption on the catalyst surface often limits selectivity and yield. Here, we designed hollow graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) spheres, which serve as a high surface area scaffold for precise anchoring of Fe─Cu diatomic sites.

Interface-engineered CsPbBr-TiO nanocomposites for efficient and selective photocatalytic conversion of HMF to DFF.

We report a stable and selective photocatalyst for solar-driven oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) using TiO coated CsPbBr quantum dots (QDs). Controlled TiO encapsulation at 120 °C preserves the structural integrity of the QDs, enhances colloidal stability, and forms a type II heterojunction that facilitates charge separation. The optimized nanocomposite achieves high conversion to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) with 90% selectivity under visible light irradiation using TEMPO as a redox mediator.

Investigating E, E-farnesol production unleashed by an indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from baker's yeast under stationary culture.

The production of E, E-farnesol (FOH) from an indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae Bot-S4 was introduced in the present study. A total of twelve (Bot-S1 to S12) different strains of S. cerevisiae were isolated from different samples of baker's yeast, using Yeast Malt agar medium (2.

A rare case report of mucormycosis presenting as cranial nerve palsies in a patient with diabetes and iatrogenic cushing syndrome.

Rationale: Mucormycosis is a rare opportunistic fungal infection caused by mucormycetes, primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals such as diabetic patients. Cranial nerve involvement, including facial and abducens nerve palsies, is an uncommon but serious complication.

Patient Concerns: We present the case of a 47-year-old female with uncontrolled diabetes and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome who developed mucormycosis complicated by right-sided facial weakness (upper motor neuron type) and abducens nerve palsy (lower motor neuron type).

Nano-scale valorization of agro-industrial raw materials: Bionanocomposites from 4-aminobenzoic acid-modified cellulose nanofibers and wheat gluten protein.

This study explores the potential of using agricultural industrial byproducts to synthesize nanocomposite materials to address the increasing demand for sustainable alternatives to synthetic plastics. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were extracted from waste sugarcane bagasse (SCB) through chemo-mechanical treatment and subsequently esterified with 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to obtain modified CNF (mCNF). Wheat gluten protein (WGP), plasticized with glycerol, was used to form films, incorporating CNF and mCNF as fillers.

Total Syntheses of Deuterated Drugs: A Comprehensive Review.

Deuterium is a safe bioisostere of hydrogen, and its selective labeling has a great prominence in medicinal chemistry for the amelioration of the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs. The deuterium-labeled pharmaceutically active compounds have been observed to exhibit broad applications, either as deuterated drugs or as pharmacokinetic probes (biomarkers). The deuterated drugs offer improved bioactivity and metabolic profile in terms of tolerability, efficacy, and reduced toxicity.

Reuse or replacement of incidentally dropped craniotomy bone flap: An institutional perspective and literature review.

Background: Incidental dropout of the craniotomy bone flap (ID-CBF) following craniotomy is a rare and unexpected occurrence in neurosurgery. Consequently, there is scant evidence to direct the surgeon on the most effective management of these events. Any strategy must strike a balance between under-treatment, which carries the risk of infection, and overly aggressive sterilization, which may increase the incidence of bone resorption.

Sargassum-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles induce salt tolerance in maize plants through enhanced physiological and biochemical mechanisms.

Salinity is one of the biggest limitations of agriculture in semi-arid regions of the world. It negatively impacts the growth and yield of Zea mays L. Especially the seedling stage is extremely sensitive to salt stress.

Direct Surface Pattern of Organic Crystals Based on Photoinduced Molecular Decomposition.

Lithography technology, as a key process, has been widely applied in the patterning treatment of inorganic crystals, thus providing important support for the manufacturing of electronic devices. However, it has been a challenge to pattern organic single crystals, as they are fragile and soluble in the solvents used in conventional methods. Addressing these limitations, we develop a direct photolithography strategy for patterning organic single crystals of 5-((9-ethyl-9-carbazol-3-yl)methylene)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (5-CY MD), 2,2-dimethyl-5-(pyren-1-ylmethylene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (5-PYMD), and ()-2,2-dimethyl-5-(3-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)allylidene)-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione (5- PAYAD) without compromising structural integrity.

Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Early-Stage Breast Cancer Following Chemotherapy.

Background: No present guidelines exist regarding the inclusion of atherogenic cancer or chemotherapy into atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) screening or imaging screening guidelines. Individual physician preference often determines screening, and this is typically symptom guided.

Case Summary: A 30-year-old woman with early-stage breast cancer received atherogenic chemotherapy, with no prior atherogenic risk factors.

3D-printed mm-wave dielectric spherical conformal transmitarray for multi-order and multi-beam OAM generation.

In this paper, what we believe to be a novel 3D-printed mm-wave dielectric spherical conformal transmitarray with octagonal cylindrical dielectric elements is proposed for generating multi-order OAM beams. By adjusting the wall thickness of the cylindrical dielectric unit, a full 360° transmission phase shift with high transmission efficiency is achieved in the millimeter-wave band of 25-27 GHz. According to the design principles of spherical structures, the elements are arranged to form an OAM-generating spherical conformal transmitarray.

Stabilization of sesame oil-in-water emulsions by synergistic complexation of tea saponin and gum arabic: Stability and rheological characterization.

This work aimed at developing a stable oil-in-water microemulsion by electrostatically assembling tea saponin (TS) with varying concentrations of gum arabic (AG). Particular emphasis has been given to rheology, droplet size distribution, ζ-potential measurements, and microscopy to investigate their underlying relationship with emulsion properties. A small concentration (0.

From particulates to pathways: environmental exposures and their impact on Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of cognitive decline and mortality, with its neurobiological mechanisms and etiology still not fully understood. Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of environmental pollutants in AD onset and progression. This review examines the impact of environmental compartments-air, water, soil, and pollutants-on AD pathology.

Securing and optimizing optical transmission in quantum wells using OAM and advanced modulation techniques.

Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) has gained significant attention in wireless communication, particularly for high-speed, large-capacity optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. However, current optical transmission methods encounter challenges in efficiently transmitting data due to limited OAM mode generation, reduced transmission privacy, and high atmospheric turbulence. The paper proposes an optimized and secure optical transmission in quantum wells to overcome these limitations using OAM and advanced modulation approaches.

Trends and Disparities in Mortality Due to Gastric Malignancies the United States: A Nationwide Analysis from 1999 to 2020.

Purpose: Gastric malignancies remain a significant public health concern and a major contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. This study aimed to analyze trends and disparities in gastric malignancy mortality across socio-demographic and regional factors in the United States (US) from 1999 to 2020.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using CDC WONDER data from 1999 to 2020 for adults aged ≥ 25 years.

A Case of Idiopathic Chest Pain Following Watchman Device Placement.

Chest pain following left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) with the Watchman device is rare but can occur due to complications such as pericarditis or myocardial infarction. We present the case of a 59-year-old male with atrial fibrillation who developed sharp, left-sided chest pain exacerbated by inspiration after undergoing Watchman device placement. Despite extensive diagnostic evaluations, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, and cardiac catheterization, the exact cause of the pain remained unclear, with no signs of acute coronary syndrome or pericardial effusion.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Thrombolysis Beyond 4.5 Hours in Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is the standard treatment for ischemic stroke within 4.5 h of symptom onset. However, a significant proportion of patients present beyond this window.

Evaluating gender-based disparities in the outcomes of impella use in acute myocardial infarction patients with cardiogenic shock; insights from real-world global data.

Introduction: Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, such as the Impella, have become critical tools in managing cardiogenic shock (CS), offering temporary hemodynamic support to improve cardiac output and stabilize patients. This study aimed to evaluate gender-based differences in clinical outcomes following Impella implantation for CS secondary to myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods: Using real-world data from the TriNetX database, all patients with CS secondary to MI who underwent Impella implantation were identified and then divided into two cohorts based on gender.

Enhanced catalytic stability for L-Dopa synthesis through cross-linking of Al₂O₃ nanocrystals with Bacillus subtilis tyrosine hydroxylase.

This study focuses on enhancing L-Dopa synthesis by producing tyrosine hydroxylase from Bacillus subtilis SDSC-Env-i6 and its conjugation with aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles. The free enzyme exhibited moderate activity, which was significantly improved through nanoparticle conjugation. Structural characterisation confirmed successful binding, with Al₂O₃ nanoparticles showing a crystalline nature and sizes ranging from 124 to 130 nm.

Enhanced production of extracellular L-asparaginase in batch culture via nitrous acid-induced mutagenesis of Aspergillus oryzae.

Background: L-Asparaginase (LA) is an important enzyme with therapeutic and industrial applications, particularly in the treatment of leukemia. Enhancing its production through optimization and strain improvement is crucial for commercial viability. This study aimed to increase LA production using Aspergillus oryzae by optimizing process parameters and employing chemical mutagenesis for strain improvement.

HLA-E[pHLA-G] Complex Specific Monoclonal Antibody Enhancing NK Activity in Multiple Myeloma.

HLA-E presenting the HLA-G leader peptide VMAPRTLFL (HLA-E[pHLA-G]) on tumor cells plays a crucial role in suppressing natural killer(NK) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells through NKG2A interaction. While blocking HLA-E:NKG2A is a promising immune checkpoint(IC) approach in cancer therapy, toxicity remains a major clinical concern. We developed a novel immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI) that selectively prevents HLA-E:NKG2A interaction, a monoclonal antibody(mAb) that selectively targets the HLA-E[pHLA-G] complex, distinguishing cancerous from non-cancerous cells.

Emerging trends and disparities in mortality due to coexisting non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and respiratory infections: A U.S. nationwide retrospective analysis from 1999 to 2020.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients are highly susceptible to respiratory infections due to immunosuppression from both the disease and its treatments. Understanding mortality trends and disparities in this population is crucial for improving care and reducing the burden of coexisting conditions. This study analyzed death certificates from the Center of Disease Control Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database for individuals aged ≥ 25 years who died between 1999 and 2020 with both NHL and respiratory infections.

Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of electroless deposited Ni-P-YO nanocomposite coatings for industrial applications.

This study investigated the development and corrosion performance evaluation of Ni-P-YO nanocomposite coatings, synthesized through electroless deposition on A36 carbon steel with varying concentrations of YO nanoparticles (YONPs) (0.25 g/L, 0.50 g/L, and 0.

PolicyMamba: Localized Policy Attention With State Space Model for Land Cover Classification.

Multihead self-attention and cross-attention mechanisms often suffer from computational inefficiencies, limited scalability, and suboptimal contextual understanding, particularly in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. These mechanisms struggle to effectively capture long-range dependencies while maintaining computational feasibility due to the quadratic complexity of self-attention. To address these challenges, this work proposes PolicyMamba, a spectral-spatial mamba model enhanced with a localized policy attention mechanism.