First-line pembrolizumab for metastatic NSCLC in lower-middle-income countries: bridging the efficacy-effectiveness gap.

Introduction: Pembrolizumab is a standard first-line therapy for advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (a/mNSCLC) lacking actionable mutations. Data from lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) remain scarce.

Methods: From January 2019 to June 2024, we prospectively analyzed 78 a/mNSCLC patients receiving pembrolizumab-based first-line therapy.

Recent Progression and Treatment Approaches of Kidney Fibrosis: Evidence to Clinic Approach.

Background: Fibrosis is a pathological complication that arises from an abnormal tissue healing response to chronic inflammation or repeated injury. It is characterized by Excessive Extracellular Matrix (ECM) deposition, leading to progressive organ dysfunction. Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a newly recognized public health crisis characterized by slow, irreversible progression and late-stage asymptomatic onset.

Mixed germ cell tumour in pregnancy: clinical insights and challenges.

A young 24 weeks pregnant woman in her 20s presented with abdominal pain and distension and was diagnosed to have an ovarian mixed germ cell tumour (GCT). She received chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin with a good clinical response, which was followed by the delivery of a healthy child. Subsequently, she underwent cytoreductive surgery and completed chemotherapy.

Biomechanical Analysis of Angled Abutments in the Anterior Maxilla: Impact of Bone Quality and Loading Conditions Using Finite Element Analysis.

Objective: This in vitro study utilized three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) to investigate the stress distribution around dental implants in the anterior maxilla, focusing on the interplay between 15 angled abutments, bone quality (D1-D4), and loading conditions (axial and oblique).

Methodology: Anatomically accurate 3D models of the anterior maxilla, a titanium Internal-Hex implant system (Touareg(S), Adin Dental Implants, Chile), a 15 angled abutment, and a porcelain-fused-to-metal crown were developed using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans and CATIA V5 software (Dassault Systèms, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France) and then analyzed in ANSYS Workbench (ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA).

Clinical insights: atezolizumab-induced myositis mimicking hepatic injury.

Atezolizumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that targets PDL-1 (programmed death ligand-1) on the tumour cells and inactivates it. The addition of this drug to chemotherapy has led to survival benefits in the treatment of small cell lung cancer-extensive stage (SCLC-ES). However, these excellent outcomes may be marred by the development of immune-mediated adverse events (irAEs).

Comparative Review of Clinical Trial Regulations in Different Countries: Current Scenario and Future Prospect.

Introduction/objective: Clinical trial regulations (CTR) are essential for ensuring the safety, efficacy, and ethical conduct of drug development. However, the regulatory frameworks governing these trials vary significantly across different countries, affecting approval processes, trial conduct, and drug development timelines. This review examines the differences in clinical trial regulations in the USA, EU, Australia, and India between 2016 and 2024.

Microenvironmental engineering of active sites for selective catalytic hydrolysis of acetals.

Rational design of synthetic catalysts that mimic enzymes in catalysis and substrate selectivity is a long-standing goal of chemists. We report bottom-up synthesis of artificial acetal hydrolase that hydrolyzes its substrate with high selectivity under otherwise impossible neutral and basic conditions. Our synthetic method allows facile modification of the active site, including introduction of a local water pool near the acetal group of the bound substrate to alter the catalytic mechanism or installment of a secondary catalytic group to enhance the catalytic activity.

Primary pleural Müllerian origin tumour: a clinical perspective.

This is a rare case of a primary pleural Müllerian origin tumour which originated outside the genital tract in a woman in her late 40s and was successfully managed using a multimodal treatment approach. Primary pleural Müllerian tumour is a rare and challenging diagnosis which requires a carefully curated approach due to its rarity. In our case, the patient responded well to the treatment and remains disease-free after 3 years of follow-up.

Real world experience with MET inhibitors in MET exon 14 skipping mutated non-small cell lung cancer: largest Indian perspective.

Background: Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) presenting with Mesenchymal-epithelial transition exon 14 skipping mutation (MET ex14) have an unfavorable prognosis with traditional therapies. MET inhibitors have altered the therapeutic paradigm of NSCLC. MET ex14 skipping alteration is reported in 3-4% cases (N Engl J Med 383(10):944-957, 2020, Cancer Discov 5(8):842-9, 2015).

Indian experience of Afatinib for EGFR mutation-positive advanced lung adenocarcinoma a real-world retrospective study.

Introduction: Afatinib, a second-generation EGFR TKI, was approved in 2015 for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC in India. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of Afatinib therapy in a real-world setting.

Patients And Methods: Electronic medical records of 43 patients who received Afatinib for advanced EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed.

Evaluation of Gluma® and MI Varnish™ for In-Office Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity: An Observational Study.

Introduction In their routine practice, dentists frequently encounter dentinal hypersensitivity, which is caused by the pulpal nerves' increased excitability due to fluid movement in the dentinal tubules. It is treated in-office using dentin desensitizers, which reduce hypersensitivity by obstructing the open tubules or desensitizing the free nerve endings present within the tubules. However, no substance or treatment plan has ever been proven to be the gold standard for the efficient treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.

Prevalence of Mutations in Patients With Resected Stage I to III Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results of India Cohort.

Purpose: The spectrum of is inadequately researched in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in India. EARLY-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) India (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04742192), as part of a noninterventional, real-world global study, evaluated the prevalence of mutations in early-stage NSCLC in India.

Intracellular Delivery of Proteins by Protein-Recognizing Nanoparticles.

Intracellular delivery of proteins can directly impact dysregulated and dysfunctional proteins and is a key step in the fast growing field of protein therapeutics. The vast majority of protein-delivery systems enter cells through endocytic pathways, but endosomal escape is a difficult and inefficient process, demanding fundamentally different methods of delivery. We report ultrasmall cationic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles that bind protein targets with high specificity through their uniquely distributed surface lysine groups.

LINC01116-dependent upregulation of RNA polymerase I transcription drives oncogenic phenotypes in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Hyperactive RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) transcription is canonical in cancer, associated with malignant proliferation, poor prognosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and chemotherapy resistance. Despite its significance, the molecular mechanisms underlying Pol I hyperactivity remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating Pol I transcription in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Peroxisomes and PPARs: Emerging role as master regulators of cancer metabolism.

Cancer is a disease characterized by the acquisition of a multitude of unique traits. It has long been understood that cancer cells divert significantly from normal cell metabolism. The most obvious of metabolic changes is that cancer cells strongly rely on glucose conversion by aerobic glycolysis.

Therapeutic potential of Aloe vera-coated curcumin encapsulated nanoparticles in an Alzheimer-induced mice model: behavioural, biochemical and histopathological evidence.

Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Aloe vera-coated curcumin encapsulated nanoparticles in mitigating Alzheimer's disease progression in mice, by examining behavioural changes, biochemical markers, and histopathological alterations, thus elucidating its potential as a treatment strategy.

Methods: The green synthesis method was used to synthesise this nanoformulation, which was then characterised using a variety of techniques, including percentage encapsulation efficacy, UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, FT-IR, FESEM, and EDX. Several assessments, including behavioural evaluations, dose optimisation studies, oxidative stress marker estimation, and histological studies, were conducted to determine the potential therapeutic impact of nanoformulation on the Alzheimer-induced mice model.

AI-based pipeline for early screening of lung cancer: integrating radiology, clinical, and genomics data.

Background: The prognosis of lung carcinoma has changed since the discovery of molecular targets and their specific drugs. Somatic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor () mutations have been reported in lung carcinoma, and these mutant proteins act as substrates for targeted therapies. However, in a resource-constrained country like India, panel-based next-generation sequencing cannot be made available to the population at large.

COVID-19 and Cancer: A Comparison of the Two Important Pandemic Waves in an Indian Cancer Patients' Cohort.

Ullas BatraIt is well known that patients with cancer are at an increased risk of severe COVID-19. There are no reports that depict the differences in outcomes in cancer patients between the two waves of the pandemic. This is a real-world experience aimed at characterizing the differences in demographics, clinical features, treatment details, and outcomes in COVID-19-positive cancer patients between the two pandemic waves.

Cell-penetrating protein-recognizing polymeric nanoparticles through dynamic covalent chemistry and double imprinting.

Molecular recognition of proteins is key to their biological functions and processes such as protein-protein interactions (PPIs). The large binding interface involved and an often relatively flat binding surface make the development of selective protein-binding materials extremely challenging. A general method is reported in this work to construct protein-binding polymeric nanoparticles from cross-linked surfactant micelles.

Inroads into saline-alkaline stress response in plants: unravelling morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms.

This article discusses the complex network of ion transporters, genes, microRNAs, and transcription factors that regulate crop tolerance to saline-alkaline stress. The framework aids scientists produce stress-tolerant crops for smart agriculture. Salinity and alkalinity are frequently coexisting abiotic limitations that have emerged as archetypal mediators of low yield in many semi-arid and arid regions throughout the world.

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 The primary form of treatment for salivary gland cancer is surgical resection. Radiation therapy is used as adjuvant therapy in cases of aggressive tumours, currently patients with recurrent or metastatic cancer who are not suitable for surgery or radiation are most often treated with chemotherapy. PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews were followed to evaluate salivary gland malignancies involving cytotoxic chemotherapy and biologic agents.

Investigation of Anterior Teeth Fractures Among Students Aged Between 8 and 13 Years in Hyderabad, India.

Introduction Trauma involving anterior teeth stands as a prevalent type of dental injury among school-age children, impacting physical, psychological, and social well-being. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of fractures in anterior teeth among school children in Hyderabad and its associated risk factors. Materials and methods This research incorporated a cross-sectional analysis, involving 2046 children in the age group of 8 to 13 years from different schools in Hyderabad City.

Outcomes of intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and panretinal photocoagulation in preretinal hemorrhage secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy involving the fovea.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections and panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in fovea involving preretinal hemorrhage (PRH) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Methods: Retrospective non-comparative cross-sectional series of patients diagnosed with fovea involving PRH secondary to PDR at our institute from March 2019 to October 2021 who were treated with combination treatments of intravitreal anti-VEGF and PRP and have completed a minimum 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome measure was serial changes in the visual acuity (VA) and PRH regression from the fovea.

A novel EML4-NTRK3 fusion in lung adenocarcinoma with dramatic response to entrectinib.

In-frame fusions in NTRK genes, with intact kinase domain, have been reported to occur at higher frequencies in rare tumors like infantile fibrosarcoma, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, and secretory carcinoma, whereas they occur at very low frequencies in common malignancies like NSCLC and colon cancers (0.1%-1%). Despite the rare occurrence, these alterations have gained importance owing to approval of drugs like entrectinib and larotrectinib targeting the kinase domain of the gene.

Remote at-home wearable-based gait assessments in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy compared to Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Wearable sensors can differentiate Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) from Parkinson's Disease (PD) in laboratory settings but have not been tested in remote settings.

Objectives: To compare gait and balance in PSP and PD remotely using wearable-based assessments.

Methods: Participants with probable PSP or probable/clinically established PD with reliable caregivers, still able to ambulate 10 feet unassisted, were recruited, enrolled, and consented remotely and instructed by video conference to operate a study-specific tablet solution (BioDigit Home ™) and to wear three inertial sensors (LEGSys™, BioSensics LLC, Newton, MA USA) while performing the Timed Up and Go, 5 × sit-to-stand, and 2-min walk tests.