Advancing HIV Treatment Through Nanoparticles: A Precision Medicine Approach.

The poor solubility and bioavailability of antiretroviral drugs complicate the manage-ment of Human Immunodeficiency virus. The efficacy of these medications is diminished due to restricted absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Patients often exhibit a wide range of reactions attributable to fluctuations in blood drug concentrations.

Stem cell therapy: a promising frontier in modern medicine with a comprehensive overview of their biology and potential therapeutic applications in chronic non-healing cutaneous injuries.

Chronic wounds represent significant challenges to the healthcare system. Their incidence increases with increase in age, especially in individuals suffering from chronic disorders like diabetes. The process of wound healing consists of a series of coordinated biological events triggered by tissue damage, ultimately leading to the repair and restoration of damaged tissues.

Efficacy of Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) in uncommon subtypes of primary kidney cancer: An analysis from the International Radiosurgery Oncology Consortium of the Kidney.

Background: While stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is associated with excellent local control for primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), outcomes based on clear-cell (ccRCC) and non-clear cell (nccRCC) histologies are not well defined.

Methods And Materials: Individual data of adult patient with biopsy confirmed primary RCC receiving SABR between 2007 and 2021 from 16 institutions in Australia, Canda, Germany, Japan and USA pooled. Patients with metastatic disease or upper tract urothelial carcinoma were excluded.

Efficacy and safety of transradial versus transfemoral approach for secondary access in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) requires a primary access to deliver the valve and a secondary access for angiographic guidance. Although transfemoral access (TFA) is most commonly employed, alternative access sites are gaining traction. This systematic review and meta-analysis compares the efficacy and safety of transradial (TRA) and TF secondary access.

Cefuroxime-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis in a 4-year-old male child: a case report.

Introduction: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, life-threatening mucocutaneous reaction characterized by extensive epidermal detachment and multi-organ involvement. It is most commonly triggered by drugs, including antibiotics such as cephalosporins. Although TEN predominantly affects adults and females, its occurrence in pediatric males is exceedingly rare.

Genetic diversity and comprehensive evaluation of physicochemical traits in Phyllanthus emblica L. for breeding and resource utilization.

Phyllanthus emblica L. is a nutritionally and medicinally valuable fruit tree with extensive germplasm diversity. This study evaluated 61 genetically diverse accessions collected from China and South Asia for 27 physicochemical traits, including 13 physical and 14 chemical attributes, to assess genetic diversity and identify elite germplasm for breeding.

Physicochemical, Antioxidant, Microbial, and Sensory Analysis of Buffalo Milk Stirred Yogurt Fortified With Cactus Pear () Pulp.

The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of incorporating cactus pear pulp (CPP) at various concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% w/w) levels on the physicochemical, functional, LAB, and sensory attributes of stirred buffalo milk yogurt during refrigerated storage over 21 days. The results revealed that all measured qualitative attributes of yogurt samples were significantly ( < 0.05) affected by the CPP concentrations and storage durations.

The second survey of the Saudi Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry Program: Main results and temporal changes in care (STARS-2 program).

Background: The Saudi Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (STARS) program aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of a representative sample of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Saudi Arabia. This second phase evaluates temporal changes in patient care, demographics, and the management benchmarks for AMI.

Methods And Findings: We created a 5-year recurring, multi-center prospective registry that utilizes a snapshot design in 50 hospitals from various healthcare sectors in Saudi Arabia.

Efficacy and Safety of Tenecteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Introduction: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the most common type of stroke, with increasing incidence and significant healthcare costs. Tenecteplase (TNK), a modified variant of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), offers advantages such as a longer half-life and single-bolus administration. This meta-analysis evaluates the safety and efficacy of TNK compared to non-thrombolytic management in AIS to guide clinical decision-making.

Machine learning-based prediction of unconfined compressive strength of organic-rich clay shales using hybrid destructive and non-destructive inputs.

The unconfined compressive strength of organic-rich clay shale is a fundamental parameter in geotechnical and energy applications, influencing drilling efficiency, wellbore stability, and excavation design. This study presents machine learning-based predictive models for unconfined compressive strength estimation, trained on a comprehensive dataset of 1217 samples that integrate non-destructive indicators such as ultrasonic pulse velocity, shale fabric metrics, wettability potential and destructive field-derived parameters. A dual-model framework was implemented using Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithms.

Preliminary Detection of Bats-associated Influenza A virus from Pakistan.

The emergence of zoonotic infections in humans is intensifying the need for awareness of the viruses circulating in animals that can cross the species barrier. Among these are the group of influenza viruses causing seasonal outbreaks and epidemics in humans and animals. As compared to the familiar human and avian influenza viruses, bat influenza viruses are relatively unknown.

Comparative Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Assessment of Methylparaben and Propylparaben on Allium cepa Root Tips by Comet and Allium cepa Assays.

Parabens (PBs) are alkyl esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid and are widely used in pharmaceuticals, food and beverages, and cosmetics due to their antimicrobial properties. Parabens are also known as "Endocrine disruptors" and can cause toxicity in different organisms. Parabens, especially methylparaben and propylparaben are also present in many environmental matrices, such as water sources and soil, and can cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in different organisms.

Computer-Aided Algorithmic Approaches to Drug Development for Multi-Mutant HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) inhibit the activity of the reverse transcriptase enzyme in HIV, representing a significant advancement in antiviral therapy. The emergence of antiviral-resistant strains of HIV-1 poses a substantial challenge in the treatment of HIV. This study presents an innovative virtual screening method that integrates a drug screening approach based on molecular structure to identify potential inhibitors for drug-resistant HIV-1 strains.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Assessment of Root Canal Morphological Variations in Maxillary Second Premolars.

Background and objective A comprehensive understanding of root canal morphology and its anatomical variations is critical for the success of root canal treatment (RCT). Unrecognized variations may lead to incomplete cleaning, shaping, and obturation, potentially resulting in treatment failure. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and distribution of root canal configuration types in maxillary second premolars (Mx2P) and their association with gender using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Formulation development, characterization, and optimization of Eudragit-cinnamon essential oil-based nanoplatform and its efficacy against resistant bacteria.

Introduction: Microbial resistance is a growing global concern, necessitating the development of novel drug delivery system to combat the resistant bacterial strains. We aimed to formulate Eudragit based cinnamon essential oil loaded nanoplatform against resistant microbial strain.

Methods: Nanoparticles were characterized for zeta potential, PDI, particle size, SEM, FTIR, entrapment efficiency and drug release kinetic.

Molecular Detection of Non-Polio Enteroviruses and Emergence of Novel Enterovirus D111 in Stool Samples From Children Reported With Acute Flaccid Paralysis Symptoms During 2021 in Pakistan.

This study explores the molecular detection and genetic diversity of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) reported with symptoms of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases (referring to individual patients) in Pakistan during 2021. A total of 2337 stool samples were analyzed through WHO-recommended intratypic differentiation (ITD) using real-time PCR. Among these, 134 samples detected positive for NPEVs, corresponding to 66 individuals AFP cases.

The association between clock gene polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Misalignment of the endogenous circadian system may contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between clock gene polymorphisms and glycemic parameters and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to August 20, 2024.

Biobased carbon quantum dots: An emerging nano-enabled paradigm for pesticide removal and sustainable plant protection.

Owing to their tunable surface chemistry, high biocompatibility and unique optical properties, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), nanoscale carbon particles, are emerging as multifunctional agents for plant protection. This review critically explores how the physicochemical properties of CQDs, especially those synthesized from green precursors, modulate plant responses to diverse stressors. CQDs help plants handle stress better by balancing reactive oxygen species (ROS), increasing the expression of defense-related genes, and improving cellular functions.

ACE inhibition increases Alzheimer's disease risk by promoting tau phosphorylation.

Reportedly, over 60% of individuals in the USA aged 65 or older take antihypertensive medications, making it crucial to evaluate their potential impact on dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, develops insidiously over decades, effectively precluding clinical trials of antihypertensive drug effects on AD risk. Through a triangulation approach integrating large-scale human genetics, population-based study, and rigorous experimental models, we identified that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were associated with increased AD risk, with no significant associations observed for other antihypertensive classes, including angiotensin II receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers.

Novel radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging of renal cell carcinoma.

Conventional diagnostic strategies for imaging patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have predominantly relied on ultrasonography, CT and MRI. However, a paradigm shift is underway with the emergence of several new radiotracers for molecular imaging. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA-IX) imaging and sestamibi imaging can assist with identifying malignant renal tumours, whereas fluorodeoxyglucose, prostate-specific membrane antigen and CA-IX tracers can give guidance for diagnosis and staging of RCC.

Cell-Specific Activation and Inhibition of Conserved PTI Genes by TMV in Susceptible Tobacco.

Viruses, as obligate intracellular pathogens, are typically introduced directly into the host cell cytoplasm. The complete spectrum of plant antiviral pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) remains poorly understood. In this study, we present multi-omics sequencing data representing the response of susceptible tobacco to virus infection.

A Rare Occurrence of Amoxicillin-Induced Aseptic Meningitis in a Young Adult: A Case Report.

Aseptic meningitis (AM) is characterized by clinical manifestations and laboratory findings indicative of meningeal inflammation, without detectable bacterial pathogens in routine cultures. Drug-induced aseptic meningitis (DIAM) is a rare but important etiology. It has been associated with certain drugs, including intravenous immunoglobulin, antiepileptic drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and antibiotics.

Comparison of the clinical efficacy of linagliptin with SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic patients: A comparative cross-sectional study from Pakistan.

This study compares linagliptin and SGLT-2 inhibitors to optimize diabetes management by evaluating their glycemic and non-glycemic effects. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from May to October 2023. Patients using linagliptin were assigned to group 1, while those on SGLT-2 inhibitors comprised group 2.