Comparison of the clinical efficacy of linagliptin with SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic patients: A comparative cross-sectional study from Pakistan.

This study compares linagliptin and SGLT-2 inhibitors to optimize diabetes management by evaluating their glycemic and non-glycemic effects. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from May to October 2023. Patients using linagliptin were assigned to group 1, while those on SGLT-2 inhibitors comprised group 2.

Threshold-based compliance with diabetic ketoacidosis management protocols and its association with inpatient mortality: a retrospective single-centre study in a tertiary hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate protocol adherence and its impact on inpatient mortality in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at a tertiary hospital in Karachi. The major hypothesis was that adherence to the DKA protocol reduces inpatient mortality.

Design: This was a retrospective cohort study.

Comparison of autohydrolysis and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate pretreatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of an ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Cmim][OAc]) pretreatment (110°C for 30min) in comparison to high severity autohydrolysis pretreatment in terms of delignification, cellulose crystallinity and enzymatic digestibility. The increase in severity of autohydrolysis pretreatment had positive effect on glucan digestibility, but was limited by the crystallinity of cellulose. [Cmim][OAc] pretreated sugarcane bagasse exhibited a substantial decrease in lignin content, reduced cellulose crystallinity, and enhanced glucan and xylan digestibility.