Efficacy of Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) in uncommon subtypes of primary kidney cancer: An analysis from the International Radiosurgery Oncology Consortium of the Kidney.

Background: While stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is associated with excellent local control for primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), outcomes based on clear-cell (ccRCC) and non-clear cell (nccRCC) histologies are not well defined.

Methods And Materials: Individual data of adult patient with biopsy confirmed primary RCC receiving SABR between 2007 and 2021 from 16 institutions in Australia, Canda, Germany, Japan and USA pooled. Patients with metastatic disease or upper tract urothelial carcinoma were excluded.

Treatment variations in localised prostate cancer in Australia and New Zealand: a registry study.

Objective: To describe the patterns of care and factors associated with treatment uptake of localised prostate cancer, using the bi-national Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry-Australia and New Zealand (PCOR-ANZ) database.

Methods: Data for 36 504 patients, diagnosed between 2015 and 2018, from New Zealand and seven Australian jurisdictions were evaluated. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with the likelihood of receiving no active treatment, radiotherapy (RT), androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and combined ADT + RT, compared to radical prostatectomy (RP).

Socioeconomic and Geographic Disparities in Anorectal and Urinary Procedures Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer.

Background And Purpose: Evidence on how treatment outcomes vary by patient characteristics helps to inform clinical practice. In this study, we measured socioeconomic and geographic disparity in post-radiotherapy procedures, as an indication of short-term radiotherapy adverse effects, among men with prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: We studied 8344 South Australian diagnosed men with prostate cancer (2002-2020) who received external beam radiotherapy.

SABR Versus Radiofrequency Ablation and Cryoablation for Primary Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Economic Evaluation of the FASTRACK II Trial.

Purpose: The FASTRACK II trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of SABR in patients with inoperable renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this study, we investigated whether SABR was cost-effective compared with the thermal ablation strategies of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation (CA).

Methods And Materials: The cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted from an Australian public health care system perspective using data from Australian patients enrolled into the FASTRACK II trial and used estimates from the literature for the comparators.

Comparing post-treatment urinary and colorectal procedures in prostate cancer patients using population-based linked data.

Purpose: To investigate urinary and colorectal procedures among men who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Methods: We studied 16,271 (RP = 8516 and EBRT = 7755) South Australian men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2001 and 2021. Colorectal and urinary procedures were extracted from hospital admission procedure codes and Medical Benefits Schedule item codes.

Dose-Effect Relationship of Kidney Function After SABR for Primary Renal Cell Carcinoma: TROG 15.03 FASTRACK II.

Purpose: Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is a novel option to treat primary renal cell carcinoma. However, a high radiation dose may be received by the treated kidney, which may affect its function posttreatment. This study investigates the dose-effect relationship of kidney SABR with posttreatment renal function.

Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy for primary kidney cancer (TROG 15.03 FASTRACK II): a non-randomised phase 2 trial.

Background: Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is a novel non-invasive alternative for patients with primary renal cell cancer who do not undergo surgical resection. The FASTRACK II clinical trial investigated the efficacy of SABR for primary renal cell cancer in a phase 2 trial.

Methods: This international, non-randomised, phase 2 study was conducted in seven centres in Australia and one centre in the Netherlands.

Medication-based Comorbidity Measures and Prostate Cancer Treatment Selection.

Introduction: We aimed to assess the association between comorbidities and prostate cancer management.

Patients And Methods: We studied 12,603 South Australian men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2003 and 2019. Comorbidity was measured one year prior to prostate cancer diagnosis using a medication-based comorbidity index (Rx-Risk).

Clinical and functional outcomes for risk-appropriate treatments for prostate cancer.

Objectives: To describe real-world clinical and functional outcomes in an Australian cohort of men with localised prostate cancer according to treatment type and risk category.

Subjects And Methods: Men diagnosed from 2008 to 2018 who were enrolled in South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative registry-a multi-institutional prospective clinical registry-were studied. The main outcome measures were overall survival, cancer-specific survival, decline in functional outcomes, biochemical recurrence and transition to active treatment following active surveillance.

Risk of secondary malignancy following radiation therapy for prostate cancer.

We investigated whether prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) have a higher cumulative incidence of secondary cancer compared with patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP). We used state-wide linked data from South Australia to follow men with prostate cancer diagnosed from 2002 to 2019. The cumulative incidence of overall and site-specific secondary cancers between 5 and 15 years after treatment was estimated.

Patterns of practice regarding use of radiation therapy following radical prostatectomy: A survey of Radiation Oncologists and Urologists in Australia and New Zealand.

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the patterns of practices of radiation oncologists (ROs) and urologists in Australia and New Zealand with respect to the utilisation of post-prostatectomy radiation therapy (RT) and help guide the development of an update to the existing Faculty of Radiation Oncology Genito-Urinary Group post-prostatectomy guidelines.

Methods: ROs and urologists with subspecialty practice in prostate cancer from Australia and New Zealand were invited to participate in an online survey comprised of clinical scenarios regarding post-prostatectomy RT.

Results: Sixty-five ROs and 28 urologists responded to the survey.

Long-Term Outcomes of TROG 13.01 SAFRON II Randomized Trial of Single- Versus Multifraction Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy for Pulmonary Oligometastases.

JCO In a randomized phase II clinical trial, the Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group compared single- versus multifraction stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) in 90 patients with 133 oligometastases to the lung. The study found no differences in safety, efficacy, systemic immunogenicity, or survival between arms, with single-fraction SABR picked as the winner on the basis of cost-effectiveness. In this article, we report the final updated survival outcome analysis.

Patient-reported functional outcome measures and treatment choice for prostate cancer.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe changes in patient-reported functional outcome measures (PROMs) comparing pre-treatment and 12 months after radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), brachytherapy and active surveillance (AS).

Methods: Men enrolled from 2010 to 2019 in the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative registry a prospective clinical registry were studied. Urinary, bowel, and sexual functions were measured using Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-26) at baseline and 12 months post-treatment.

Evaluation of Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy Use and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Men With Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer in Australia and New Zealand.

Importance: Randomized clinical trials in prostate cancer have reported noninferior outcomes for hypofractionated radiation therapy (HRT) compared with conventional RT (CRT); however, uptake of HRT across jurisdictions is variable.

Objective: To evaluate the use of HRT vs CRT in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer and compare patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at a population level.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Registry-based cohort study from the Australian and New Zealand Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry (PCOR-ANZ).

Single-Fraction vs Multifraction Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy for Pulmonary Oligometastases (SAFRON II): The Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 13.01 Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence is lacking from randomized clinical trials to guide the optimal approach for stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) in patients with pulmonary oligometastases.

Objective: To assess whether single-fraction or multifraction SABR is more effective for the treatment of patients with pulmonary oligometastases.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, unblinded, phase 2 randomized clinical trial of 90 patients across 13 centers in Australia and New Zealand enrolled patients with 1 to 3 lung oligometastases less than or equal to 5 cm from any nonhematologic malignant tumors located away from the central airways, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1, and all primary and extrathoracic disease controlled with local therapy.

Development of quality indicators to monitor radiotherapy care for men with prostate cancer: A modified Delphi method.

Background And Purpose: Quality indicators (QIs) have been developed for many aspects of prostate cancer care, but are under-developed with regard to radiotherapy treatment. We aimed to develop a valid, relevant and feasible set of core QIs to measure quality of radiotherapy care in men with prostate cancer.

Materials And Methods: We used a RAND-modified Delphi process to select QIs that were regarded as both important and feasible measures of quality radiotherapy care.

Comparison of effective I-131 half-life between thyroid hormone withdrawal and recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone for thyroid cancer: a retrospective study.

Introduction: Preparation for postoperative radioiodine ablation for differentiated thyroid carcinoma is performed by either thyroid hormone withdrawal or recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) administration. There is little information on the impact of the method of preparation with respect to whole-body effective I-131 half-life and its potential clinical implications in the Australian setting.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients admitted for adjuvant radioiodine ablation for non-metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma at the Royal Adelaide Hospital over a 4½-year period from 2009.

Ophthalmic and adnexal complications of radiotherapy.

The role of radiotherapy in ophthalmic practice continues to grow. This growth has seen an expansion of indications for radiotherapy, a refinement of the modalities that can be used and a reduction in the ocular and adnexal complications that result from this form of therapy. The compendium of indications for radiotherapy in ophthalmology continues to grow and now includes many conditions such as the treatment of lid and adnexal disease, ocular surface disorders and both benign and malignant disease of the posterior segment and optic pathways.