A comprehensive insight into NETosis-extracellular vesicle crosstalk in autoimmune diseases.

Neutrophils are granular and polymorphonuclear cells and one of the main participants of the innate immune system, which have received considerable attention due to the discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly those released by immune cells such as neutrophils, have been associated with the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Besides, studies have reported a fundamental correlation between EVs and NETosis in autoimmune diseases.

Engineering the Microbiome: a Novel Approach to Managing Autoimmune Diseases.

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, affecting millions of people and often requiring long-term treatment. Current therapies, such as immunosuppressants and biologics, help manage symptoms but can cause serious side effects. A promising new approach involves engineered microbiota-a method that modifies gut bacteria to influence immune function and potentially ease autoimmune conditions.

Synthesis of an efficient MOF heterogeneous catalyst (UiO-66-NH-Pd) for C-O cross-coupling reactions.

This study successfully encapsulated palladium nanoparticles within the metal-organic framework material UiO-66 using a straightforward method. Utilizing a microwave-assisted process, the pores of UiO-66 were activated, and the metal precursors were simultaneously reduced in the presence of a reducing agent. The morphological and physicochemical properties of the resulting material were thoroughly analyzed using various techniques, including EDX, SEM, XRD, TGA, BET, and ICP-OES.

Harnessing exosomal mediators for advanced wound healing: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential in angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis is critical for effective wound healing, supplying oxygen and nutrients to regenerating tissues. In chronic conditions like diabetes, impaired angiogenesis leads to delayed healing, chronic wounds, and significant healthcare burdens. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles derived from cells such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), amniotic epithelial cells, and keratinocytes, have emerged as key mediators in promoting angiogenesis.

Reproducible meningioma grading across multi-center MRI protocols via hybrid radiomic and deep learning features.

Objective: This study aimed to create a reliable method for preoperative grading of meningiomas by combining radiomic features and deep learning-based features extracted using a 3D autoencoder. The goal was to utilize the strengths of both handcrafted radiomic features and deep learning features to improve accuracy and reproducibility across different MRI protocols.

Materials And Methods: The study included 3,523 patients with histologically confirmed meningiomas, consisting of 1,900 low-grade (Grade I) and 1,623 high-grade (Grades II and III) cases.

Deciphering autophagy signaling in cancer: A paradigm shift from molecular classifications to clinical innovations.

The intracellular breakdown process known as autophagy occurs when cells experience adverse conditions, such as organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, hypoxia stress, low energy levels, or nutritional deprivation. The autophagic process begins by forming autophagosomes, which then merge with lysosomes to recycle degraded materials. Autophagy functions in multiple ways to affect cancer development and treatment outcomes.

Serum tyrosine associates with increased CSF Aβ42, reduced Aβ deposition, and cognitive improvement in MCI: modulation by confounding factors.

Tyrosine, a precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, has shown mixed results in cognitive impairment studies, suggesting a complex role in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study is the first to explore its relationship with CSF amyloid-beta (Aβ) 42, Aβ accumulation, and cognitive function in MCI ( = 251). Cognitive function was assessed using ADAS-Cog, serum tyrosine by UPLC-MS/MS, Aβ42 by ELISA, and Aβ accumulation florbetapir PET with SUVr, all validated with quality control.

Exosomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review of Current Research and Future Directions.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of liver cancer that is deadly and offers limited possible treatment options. This short review explored the role of exosomes (small vesicles released by cells) in HCC as either diagnostic or therapeutic possibilities. Exosomes facilitate tumour growth by carrying tumour-supportive material to promote angiogenesis and metastasis.

Molecular regulation by ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) in HCC: cell cycle, oncogenic signaling, and beyond.

Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are a large family of deubiquitinating enzymes that all serve the important function of removing ubiquitin moieties from target proteins, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis. Post-translational modifications, including ubiquitin modifications, play a crucial role in regulating protein stability, localization, and function, thereby profoundly influencing cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and the response to DNA damage. Increasingly extensive evidence indicates that altered USP activity creates dysfunction of these fundamental cellular pathways and initiates and promotes multiple cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Targeted Protein Degradation in Lung Cancer: The Emerging Role of PROTAC Technology and E3 Ligases.

Lung cancer remains one of the most prevalent and lethal malignancies, with poor drug response and high mortality rates. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic strategy, leveraging E3 ligases to degrade oncogenic proteins selectively via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. These degraders offer higher selectivity and bioavailability compared to traditional inhibitors.

The Significance of STAT3 in Colonic Diseases: A Comprehensive Study of Pathological Roles and Therapeutic Implications.

The transcriptional regulator signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays pivotal roles in vertebrate development and the functionality of mature tissues, particularly in modulating inflammation and immune responses. Mutations in STAT3 in humans are associated with various diseases, including immunodeficiencies, autoimmune disorders, and multiple cancers. Notably, both aberrant hyperactivation and inactivation of STAT3 are linked to disease manifestations, underscoring the need for tightly regulated STAT3 activity to maintain health.

Ferroptosis rewired: ncRNA gatekeepers as pharmacological targets in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can alter cellular programs, such as iron homeostasis and antioxidant defenses, creating a pathway to ferroptosis, an iron-dependent mechanism of cellular death, as a viable therapeutic approach. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including both microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), have recently been shown to be potent regulatory molecules involved in gene expression and cell fates, including apoptosis and inflammation. This review summarizes the current literature regarding ncRNAs' multiple and complex roles in mediating HCC ferroptosis.

Efficacy and Safety of the Muscarinic Receptor Agonist KarXT (Xanomeline-Trospium) in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Bayesian Sensitivity Analysis.

Background: Schizophrenia significantly impacts global health, with existing treatments primarily focusing on positive symptoms and often causing considerable side effects. KarXT, a novel treatment combining xanomeline, a muscarinic M1/M4 receptor agonist, and trospium, targets a broader range of symptoms including negative and cognitive deficits, potentially with fewer side effects. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of KarXT in treating schizophrenia, assessing symptom reduction and safety profiles compared to placebo.

Icariin as a therapeutic agent in breast cancer: modulating apoptosis and suppressing proliferation.

Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Icariin, a prenylated flavonol glycoside derived from species, has emerged as a promising multi-targeted agent with potent anticancer activity. Preclinical studies demonstrate that icariin modulates key oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, NF-κB/SIRT6, and AMPK/mTOR to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and regulate autophagy.

Chitosan-based hydrogels: Revolutionizing corneal wound healing with antibacterial and regenerative properties.

Corneal injuries and infections pose a serious threat to vision. However, conventional therapies topical antibiotics, synthetic grafts, and bandage contact lenses often fail to provide enduring antimicrobial defense and robust tissue regeneration. Researchers derive chitosan-based hydrogels from deacetylated chitin, combining intrinsic polycationic antimicrobial efficacy with tunable biodegradation and excellent biocompatibility, thereby addressing both challenges simultaneously.

Non-coding RNAs as key players in neurodegeneration and brain tumors: Insights into therapeutic strategies.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and other ncRNA types, have emerged as key regulators in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors. This review aims to provide insights into the role of ncRNAs in these conditions and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. We systematically reviewed literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure comprehensive coverage of recent advancements.

Prevalence of vascular complications in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) comprises connective tissue disorders associated with increased vascular complication risks. This meta-analysis assesses the prevalence of vascular complications in among patients with EDS.

Methods: The review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines.

Interactions in hepatic tumor microenvironment: Potential targets and modulations for effective therapy.

The hepatic tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits complex interactions among diverse cellular components. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells actively communicate with the surrounding stroma and extracellular matrix (ECM). These interactions create an immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic environment.

A comprehensive review of immunotherapy in gastrointestinal tumors with a focus on the role of combination therapy with PARP inhibitors.

Defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) can cause genomic instability, leading to genetic mutations or abnormalities that promote cancer growth and progression. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are lagging behind other types of tumors in terms of customized therapy with targeted drugs. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) were the first approved cancer treatments to target the DNA damage response in BRCA1/2-mutated breast and ovarian malignancies.

Update on Application of Oncolytic Virus-Based Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite the development of several therapeutic strategies to treat HCC, the highly refractory nature of this disease limits therapeutic outcomes and patient survival. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a type of natural virus that can specifically infect and kill human tumor cells in HCC and have been extensively investigated as attractive live therapeutic agents for the treatment of HCC.

Combating oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: From mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disorder with a growing global impact, closely linked to metabolic syndrome and lifestyle factors. Oxidative stress, arising from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defenses, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. It drives lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory cascades, exacerbating hepatic steatosis and promoting progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis.

Unraveling the global landscape of Elizabethkingia antibiotic resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Elizabethkingia strains poses a significant challenge in clinical settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Elizabethkingia isolates across different regions worldwide.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from 1998 to January 9, 2024, using predefined search strategies.

Radiation-Induced Cardiac Remodeling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.

Radiation-induced cardiac remodeling (RICR) is one of the complications of exposure to radiotherapy. These disorders may occur for a subset of cancer patients, when the heart remains in part or in full in the radiation field. Despite advancements in radiotherapy techniques, cardiotoxicity has remained a concern after radiotherapy.

Tumor immune evasion and the Let-7 family: insights into mechanisms and therapies.

Tumor immune evasion is a complex and adaptive mechanism that allows cancer cells to escape immune detection and destruction, contributing to malignancy progression and poor therapeutic outcomes. This review article explores the integral role of the let-7 family of microRNAs (miRNAs) in mediating tumor immune evasion, particularly how these regulators influence the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune cell functionality. The let-7 family, known for its tumor-suppressive roles, modulates key immune checkpoints, including PD-L1, and pathways linked to immune response regulation, such as the STAT3/SOCS axis, impacts macrophage polarization and modulates immune cell function.

Sustainable innovative nanofibers containing Cobalt-MOF: a dual-action solution for microbial and chemical wastewater contamination.

Today, wastewater treatment is essential and inevitable due to the water crisis caused by climate change and population growth. Although numerous methods and synthetic compounds have been successful in practical and laboratory applications, developing novel multifunctional compounds remains of interest to scientists. For this purpose, a new nanofiber containing Cobalt-MOF (metal-organic framework), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), which are known environmentally friendly polymers, was synthesized.