Microbial prevalence and understanding of their antimicrobial susceptibility in urinary tract of patients attending at shar teaching hospital (2018-2022).

Objective: Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are among the most common microbial infections in humans globally, a leading cause for medical consultation, and the main contributor to antibiotic consumption. This study aimed to determine the microbial prevalence of UTIs and assess the antibacterial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic microbial pathogens over a five-year period.

Method: This retrospective research was done from June 2018 to 2022.

Emerging trends in nano-sensors: A new frontier in food safety and quality assurance.

The rapid evolution of nanotechnology has catalyzed significant advancements in the design and application of nano-sensors, particularly within the food industry, where ensuring safety and quality is of paramount concern. This review explores the multifaceted role of nano-sensors constructed from diverse nanomaterials in detecting foodborne pathogens and toxins, offering a comprehensive analysis of their operational principles, sensitivity, and specificity. Nano-sensors leverage unique physical and chemical properties at the nanoscale to enhance the detection of microbial contamination, actively contributing to food safety protocols.