Sensitive colorimetric assay for the detection of aflatoxin B1 via target-induced generation of multivalent DNA nanowires accelerates the catalytic hairpin assembly reaction.

Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a highly carcinogenic mycotoxin frequently found in contaminated food products, posing a significant threat to public health and food safety. Therefore, the development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection methods for AFB1 is critical for early warning and prevention. However, traditional detection techniques often require expensive equipment, skilled personnel, and complex procedures, limiting their suitability for on-site applications.

Clay-based hemostatic agents: Fabrication, mechanisms, and evidence.

Hemorrhagic control remains a serious concern in emergency medicine and combat trauma management, where achieving rapid hemostasis significantly impacts patient survival outcomes. While conventional interventions including direct manual compression and tourniquet application demonstrate clinical efficacy in routine scenarios, their limitations become apparent when managing catastrophic hemorrhage or anatomically complex injuries. Mineral-based hemostatic agents, particularly clay-derived rapid hemostats, have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality that synergizes ancestral wound management practices with contemporary material engineering.

BiO/MgInS type-II heterojunction-driven photoelectrochemical sensor for selective detection of tert-butylhydroquinone in edible oils.

Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is a common antioxidant in food oils, and reliable detection methods are needed to ensure food safety. Here, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor based on BiO/MgInS/GCE was developed for the detection of TBHQ. The sensor performance was significantly enhanced through electrostatic assembly of sheet-like BiO onto flower-like MgInS, forming a type-II heterojunction with carefully controlled component ratios, pH, and applied potential.

Dual-perspective decoupling network for kidney tumor segmentation on CT images.

The key challenges in kidney tumor segmentation include unpredictable location, high similarity among objects, and variability in boundaries. Existing approaches mostly handle these challenges from an object-agnostic perspective or a single decoupling perspective, which limits their ability to address all the aforementioned challenges. To tackle these problems, we propose a Dual-perspective Decoupling Network (DDNet), which consists of the Dual-perspective Decoupling Module (DDM) and the Edge Refinement Module (ERM).

In Situ TEM Reveals Direct One-Step Reduction of van der Waals Crystal MoO to Mo.

Molybdenum oxides (MOs) exhibit rich polymorphism and tunable properties, yet their phase transformation pathways are poorly understood. Here, we employ in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal a direct reduction of MoO to metallic Mo, bypassing known intermediate phases such as MoO and MoO. Surface nucleation begins at approximately 800 °C and is completed at 900 °C.

Dual-stage pretreatment strategy: Coupling sodium disilicate with thermal hydrolysis to optimize methane yield from sludge digestion.

Anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge is inherently limited by the recalcitrance of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial cell envelopes. This study developed an innovative dual pretreatment method integrating sodium disilicate (SD) with thermal hydrolysis (TH) to overcome barriers to biomass degradation. The synergistic effect of SD and TH significantly increased methane yield by 93.

An electrochemical sensor based on a triblock polyadenine-based probe and copper nanoclusters for the robust detection of the HPV16 gene.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is one of the common biomarkers which cause cervical cancer. In this work, an electrochemical sensor based on a triblock polyadenine-based probe (TPP) and copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) was constructed for the rapid, sensitive and selective detection of HPV16.

Synergistic catalysis of VN quantum dots and S/N heteroatoms enabling fast reaction kinetics for lithium-sulfur batteries.

This work reports an advanced sulfur host integrating VN quantum dots and S/N heteroatoms as dual catalytic sites for lithium-sulfur batteries, which can significantly facilitate the adsorption and conversion of soluble lithium polysulfides, thereby endowing lithium-sulfur batteries with high reversible specific capacity and excellent cycling stability.

Designing a pseudocapacitive binary Zn/Mn perovskite fluoride anode with a conversion/alloying/insertion hybrid mechanism for advanced Na-ion capacitors and Na-based dual ion batteries.

Na-ion capacitors (NICs) and Na-based dual ion batteries (Na-DIBs) have received intensive attention due to their high energy density, high power density, and long cycle life and the low cost of sodium. Hence, a novel perovskite KZMF(3-1)@rGO nanocrystal used as the sodium-storage anode is coupled with an activated carbon (AC) cathode and a graphite (KS6) cathode to construct NICs and Na-DIBs, respectively. The KZMF(3-1)@rGO electrode with a superconducting carbon black (SP) conductive agent and 0.

Single photon γ-ray imaging with high energy and spatial resolution perovskite semiconductor for nuclear medicine.

Integrating semiconductor detectors with high energy and spatial resolution is vital for advancing nuclear medicine imaging. Perovskite semiconductors afford unprecedented opportunity for reshaping radiation detection technologies. Nevertheless, perovskite semiconductors have yet to prove their ability in single photon γ-ray imaging, which is essential for enabling nuclear medicine imaging.

Contact-dominated localized electric-displacement-field-enhanced pressure sensing.

Pressure sensors, especially the typical capacitive sensors that feature low power consumption, have drawn considerable interest in emerging and rapidly growing fields such as flexible electronics and humanoid robots, but often suffer from limited performance. Here, we report a contact-dominated design for capacitive pressure sensors to dramatically improve the sensing response and linearity over a broad pressure range. This design is implemented by utilizing hierarchical microstructured electrodes made of robust conductive composites with metallic coverage and layered dielectrics with high unit-area capacitance to realize localized electric-displacement-field-enhanced capacitance change.

Understanding of the Carbon Chain Growth in Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Produce C Molecules.

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to value-added chemical feedstocks and fuels presents a promising strategy for carbon utilization and storage. Although advancements in enhancing the selectivity for C and C products have been witnessed, the research progress for efficient production of C molecules remains slow. Moreover, the mechanism underlying carbon chain growth is still ambiguous.

diPaRIS: Dynamic and Interpretable Protein-RNA Interactions Prediction With U-Shaped Network and Novel Structure Encoding.

Protein-RNA interactions play a critical role in various biological processes and disease development. Proteins interact with RNAs through dynamic binding sites that exhibit specific structural patterns under various cellular conditions. While current computational methods take RNA structures in vivo into account, they fall short in capturing the structure contextual association of nucleotides, limiting predictive accuracy.

A Novel Polysilicon-Fill-Strengthened Etch-Through 3D Trench Electrode Detector: Fabrication Methods and Electrical Property Simulations.

Three-dimensional trench electrode silicon detectors play an important role in particle physics research, nuclear radiation detection, and other fields. A novel polysilicon-fill-strengthened etch-through 3D trench electrode detector is proposed to address the shortcomings of traditional 3D trench electrode silicon detectors; for example, the distribution of non-uniform electric fields, asymmetric electric potential, and dead zone. The physical properties of the detector have been extensively and systematically studied.

Recent advances in photochemical multicomponent Minisci reactions.

Visible-light-induced photoredox catalysis has emerged as a robust tool in organic chemistry for achieving controllable radical transformations, facilitating reactions involving radical intermediates under mild, selective, and sustainable conditions. This approach offers efficient pathways for multicomponent reactions. Concurrently, the Minisci reaction represents a streamlined strategy for direct C-H functionalization of heteroarenes using nucleophilic radicals.

Strong Dipole Moments and Increased Charge Transfer in Polymer-Based Solid Electrolyte Enable Wide-Temperature Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

The development of solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) using lithium and nitrate salts represents a promising approach to enhancing the performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). However, the inherent stability of lithium and nitrate salts often results in incomplete decomposition, leading to the formation of inhomogeneous SEI that degrade battery performance. In this study, a strong dipole moment and increased charge transfer strategy are used, which can effectively catalyze the decomposition of NO and TFSI and accelerate the migration of Li, as well as the formation of LiN-LiF-rich SEI.

Sequential extraction of cyanophycin granule polypeptide and lipids from algal-bacterial consortia: Simultaneous recovery of biopolymer and fat acids.

The algal-bacterial consortia have garnered significant attention for its efficacy in pollutant removal and the recovery of value-added chemicals. However, the extraction of diverse chemicals (e.g.

Research on the Poisson's Ratio of Black Phosphorene Nanotubes Under Axial Tension.

In this paper, the Poisson's ratio of black phosphorene nanotubes was examined through the molecular dynamics simulation method. Our research discovered that for the armchair black phosphorene nanotubes, the radial strain and the wall thickness strain are negatively linearly correlated with the axial strain, and both the radial Poisson's ratio and the thickness Poisson's ratio are positive. For the zigzag black phosphorene nanotubes, the wall thickness strain is negatively, linearly correlated with the axial strain, while the radial strain has a cubic polynomial function relationship with the axial strain.

2D Vertical Heterojunction with Codirectional Built-in Electric Fields and Plasmonic Hot-Electron Effect for Broadband Photodetection and Low-Power Visual Synapses.

Two-dimensional (2D) vertical heterojunctions, characterized by atomic-scale van der Waals interfaces that facilitate efficient vertical charge transport, offer a promising architecture for integrating self-powered photodetectors (sense) with neuromorphic synapses (think) to achieve an integrated sense-think functionality. However, the interface-induced opposing electric fields and limited spectral response restrict their development. In this study, we address these limitations through a graphene (Gr)/WSe/Ag vertical heterojunction architecture.

Enhancing the resistance of pipe joint to riboflavin mediated microbial corrosion via increasing heat input.

This study investigated the dual role of heat input (HI) and riboflavin on microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of pipe joint. The results showed that localized corrosion of the base metal (BM) and weld zone (WZ) was more severe than that in the heat affected zone (HAZ), but the general corrosion of the former two regions was less severe than that in the latter. The pit depths of BM (8.

Ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor based on MOF-derived Ni@carbon nanoframework and MWCNTs for the detection of flutamide in environmental water samples.

Ni@carbon nanoframework-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Ni@CNF-CNTs) nanomaterials were synthesized through the carbonization of flower-like nickel metal organic framework (Ni-MOF) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Subsequently, a high-performance flutamide (FLT) - an anti-androgen drug -  electrochemical sensor was constructed using the nanomaterials. Both Ni@carbon nanoframework (Ni@CNF) and MWCNTs have adsorption capacity for FLT.

Iodine-Manipulated Pt Single Atoms Bridged between Graphitic CN Nanosheets for Boosted Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

The platinum (Pt) single-atom site represents the limit of atomic utilization in Pt catalysis. In alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), slow water dissociation (Volmer step) and subsequent strong interactions between Pt and H atoms reduce the efficiency of H desorption, resulting in an overall inefficient hydrogen evolution reaction. Addressing how to adjust the electronic structure of the Pt single-atom site to further enhance the catalytic efficiency remains a significant scientific challenge.

Oxidation-Enhanced Piezocatalytic Activity in Carbon Nitride-Based Catalysts for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Peroxide Production.

Driven by the urgent need for a green, safe, and cost-effective approach to producing H and HO-both highly valuable in green energy and environmental protection fields-piezocatalysis, which converts mechanical energy into valuable chemicals, has emerged as a promising solution. However, current catalyst systems face challenges due to the need for materials with both a strong piezoelectric effect and favorable catalytic activity. Herein, the construction of an oxidized carbon nitride (g-CN) matrix anchored with TiO nanoparticles via alkaline hydrothermal treatment is reported.

DNA Tetrahedral Sensors for Visualizing miR-21-Mediated Angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis is a critical driver of tumor metastasis, making it a key target for anticancer therapy. While oncogenic miR-21 has been identified as a key promoter of tumor angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulation, existing approaches fail to visualize this epigenetic regulatory mechanism in real time. To address this gap, we developed two DNA tetrahedron sensors using DNA nanotechnology, enabling precise recognition and real-time visualization of miR-21 and its downstream VEGF mRNA through a dual-target synchronous detection strategy.

Dose-dependent effects of Maillard reaction products on anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge: mechanisms and microbial insights.

The Maillard reaction during thermal hydrolysis of waste activated sludge generates Maillard reaction products (MRPs) with poorly understood effects on anaerobic digestion. This study demonstrates that MRPs exert concentration-dependent impacts on methane production, exhibiting a dual role as both enhancer and inhibitor. At low concentrations (≤90 mg/g total suspended solids, TSS in this study), MRPs boost net sludge-derived methane yield by 31 % (p < 0.