Homologous nanocellulose modification: A "like cures like" strategy against coffee-ring and infiltration effects in paper-based colorimetric detection.

Background: While paper-based colorimetric assays have seen significant progress in recent years, persistent challenges including the coffee-ring effect and infiltration effect continue to affect the color uniformity of detection results, leading to decreased sensitivity and accuracy of the detection. Recent advancements in suppressing these two effects mainly depend on chemical modification of cellulose fibers or application of specific functional coatings. However, the former's complex procedures impede large-scale implementation, while the latter's non-cellulosic additives risk unpredictable interactions with analytes or interference in colorimetric reactions.

Fluorine-oxygen dual sites engineered on carbon enable high efficiency in the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide: synergistic effect, density functional theory validation and kinetic modeling.

Fluorine (F)-doped carbon materials (FCMs) were one-pot synthesized and applied as the catalysts for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO) towards the cyclic carbonate for the first time. In this process, F dopants and oxygen (O)-containing groups on the carbon surface played a key role in enhancing the activity. The FCM synthesized at 500 °C (FCM-500) with 5.

Study of the interaction mechanism of aroma components in Baijiu and associated brain response microstates.

The complex aroma of Baijiu is influenced by the interactions of various flavor compounds. This study employed molecular dynamics simulations and headspace solid-phase microextraction to both simulate and validate the interaction mechanisms between two key aroma compounds in Baijiu: ethyl caprylate and ethyl acetate. The findings indicate that a reduction in electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces enhances the volatility of these compounds within Baijiu.

Advances in food flavor analysis and sensory evaluation techniques and applications: Traditional vs emerging.

Food flavor represents a complex, multisensory experience shaped by the interplay of volatile and non-volatile components, texture, and consumer perception. This review examines both traditional and emerging technologies in food flavor analysis, focusing on their applications, strengths, and limitations. Although traditional methods, such as sensory evaluation and chemical analysis, provide valuable insights, they are constrained by subjectivity and the inability to fully capture the dynamic nature of flavor perception.

Quantifying the Reduction of OER Overpotential on Magnetic Electrocatalysts Under Magnetic Fields.

Magnetic-field enhancement of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) represents a promising route toward more efficient alkaline water electrolyzers, yet its origin remains debated due to overlapping effects of mass transport and reaction kinetics. Here, we present a general experimental strategy that employs strong forced convection to suppress uncontrolled transport arising from natural diffusion and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. Using polycrystalline Au electrodes, we show that this approach resolves subtle OER variations under controlled flow and field conditions.

Injectable PROTAC-loaded hydrogel remodels the tumor microenvironment to potentiate radio-immunotherapy.

Radiotherapy (RT) is a key component of comprehensive cancer treatment regimens; nevertheless, its concomitant immunosuppression may diminish therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we developed an injectable hydrogel system for the local delivery of PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs), achieved by loading tumor cell membrane-fused liposome nanoparticles to enhance the anti-tumor effect. The system targeted Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), and combined treatment with RT promoted DNA damage, reduced DNA repair and decreased tumor cell proliferation and survival.

High wet-strength MXene/lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils composite films with Janus structure for electromagnetic shielding and Joule heating.

Developing MXene-based electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite films with exceptional wet mechanical properties is crucial to address the limitation of conventional MXene-based EMI shielding composite films in humid environments. Herein, we present a fabrication strategy for Janus-structured MXene-based EMI shielding composite films with exceptional wet mechanical and Joule heating performances. Through depositing tannic acid-modified MXene (TM) on maleic anhydride-modified lignin-containing cellulose nanofibril (MLCNF) film using a scalable vacuum filtration and hot-pressing strategy.

Injectable multifunctional sponges with rough sieve structure and efficient shape-recoverability for small-sized penetrating wound.

The emergence of special scenarios involving small-sized penetrating wounds has imposed stricter performance requirements on shape-recovery hemostatic materials, particularly regarding their shape fixity and water-triggered shape recovery efficiency. Herein, an efficient shape-recovery sponge dressing with high shape fixity and high-speed liquid absorption, designated as CQT, was developed by integrating a sieve structure with the rough surface coating. The sieve structure, characterized by microporous structures on macroporous walls, enhanced the multi-level and connectivity of the overall pore network, which could improve compressive fixity via enhancing the energy dissipation required for rebound and enabled efficient shape recovery through augmented capillary action during fluid absorption.

Effectiveness of augmented reality technology in improving navigation performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Augmented reality (AR) integrates virtual objects in the real world, allowing users to interact intuitively with navigation information. This study systematically reviewed 13 articles on AR technology published from 2005 to 2024 through meta-analysis, comprising a total of 400 participants, to examine its effectiveness in enhancing navigation performance. Compared with traditional navigation tools, the results showed that AR technology more effectively enhances navigation performance, with the overall effect size calculated as 0.

Polyphenolic nanodots loaded multi-layer MXene for strong, tough and rapidly biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol/starch nanocomposites with self-healing ability and improved aging resistance.

Inspired by spider silk, polyphenolic nanodots (PTa) loaded multi-layer MXene (mMXene-PTa) through hydrogen and coordination bonds was prepared by self-polymerizing tannic acid on mMXene and used as a new crosslinker for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Together with starch (ST), mMXene-PTa was compounded with PVA and exfoliated to fabricate PVA/ST/mMXene-PTa nanocomposite. The phenolic hydroxyl groups in PTa formed high-density H-bonds with PVA and ST, creating an organic-inorganic dynamic crosslinking network with mMXene-PTa as nodes.

Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-Ray Studies of Spherical Micelle Formation and Growth During Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly in Polar Solvents.

Self-assembled poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMA-PDPA) diblock copolymer nanoparticles are widely employed in biological applications, driving the need for a robust and scalable production method. Although polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) enables efficient nanoparticle synthesis at high solids content, its research and application to PDMA-PDPA are limited, likely due to kinetic trapping. Leveraging our recently developed generic time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (TR-SAXS) approach for PISA in non-polar media, a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer-mediated PDMA-PDPA PISA process in polar solvent that produces spherical micelles is examined.

Efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy versus immunotherapy plus targeted therapy alone in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy (RT+IO+T) versus immunotherapy plus targeted therapy alone (IO+T) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given the limited prospective evidence supporting the integration of radiotherapy into systemic regimens, particularly in real-world populations with advanced disease, this study aims to clarify the clinical value of this multimodal approach.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 71 patients with unresectable HCC treated between 2020 and 2025.

Dual regulation of gastrointestinal tumor progression by the IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway and prospects for targeted therapy.

Gastrointestinal malignant tumors exhibit a high incidence and mortality rate among all malignancies worldwide, making them a significant concern within the field of oncology. Targeted therapy for gastrointestinal tumors has become a hot topic in recent years, and its specific mechanism remains to be further elucidated. Secreted factors, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as components of the tumor microenvironment, play a crucial role in the progression of gastrointestinal tumors.

Isowighteone attenuates vascular calcification by targeting HSP90AA1-mediated PI3K-Akt pathway and suppressing osteogenic gene expression.

Background: Isowighteone, an isoflavonoid compound derived from L.f. (, Moraceae), has demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory properties in prior studies.

Pannexin channels in inflammation and tumorigenesis.

Pannexin (Panx) channels are oligomeric heptamers of PANX proteins, comprising Panx1, Panx2 and Panx3. These channels facilitate the extracellular release of signaling molecules up to 1.5 kDa in size, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), amino acids, ions, and other metabolites.

GIMS: Image matching system based on adaptive graph construction and graph neural network.

Feature-based image matching has extensive applications in computer vision. Keypoints detected in images can be naturally represented as graph structures, and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been shown to outperform traditional deep learning techniques. Consequently, the paradigm of image matching via GNNs has gained significant prominence in recent academic research.

Rap1a regulates CUMS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction and emotional abnormalities in mice.

Rap1a is a member of the Ras family of proteins and first came into view as an immune modulator of cells, playing roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. It is widely distributed in various tissue cells and is closely related to multiple biological functions of cells, including immunity, proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and angiogenesis. Homocysteine (HCY) is a sulfur-containing non-essential amino acid that does not participate in protein synthesis.

Starch-EGCG Complexes Improve Starch Fermentability, Acetate Production, and Alter Relations between Gut Microbiota and Starch Chain-Length Distributions.

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in green tea, was selected due to its dietary prevalence and potential synergistic functions with starch. Starch-EGCG complexes represent a form of type 5 resistant starch, but their effects on gut microbiota relative to starch chain-length distribution remain unclear. Using an in vitro fermentation model, we analyzed complexes derived from five starches.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Targeting Peptides and Their Applications in Tumor Imaging Probe Construction: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key target for both cancer diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Assessing EGFR expression before therapy has become routine in clinical practice, yet current methods like biopsy and immunohistochemistry (IHC) have significant limitations, including invasiveness, limited repeatability, and lack of real-time, whole-body data. EGFR-targeted imaging has emerged as a promising alternative.

Dendritic Mesoporous SiO-Based SERS-Nanozyme-Mediated Immunochromatographic Detection of Foodborne Viruses with Enhanced Sensitivity across Multiple Scenarios.

Detecting low-concentration foodborne viruses in complex samples has long posed a great challenge. Here, we propose a colorimetric enhancement-surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) quantitative dual-mode immunochromatographic assay (ICA), characterized by high flexibility, sensitivity, and stability, which can rapidly and accurately detect viruses in various environments, including field, home, and clinical laboratory settings. A multifunctional SERS nanozyme tag (DSAIA) is customized using dendritic mesoporous SiO as the core, which is densely loaded with AuIr catalytic particles and coated with a layer of highly active 35 nm Au nanoparticles on the exterior, thereby simultaneously achieving monodispersity, strong peroxidase activity, and a high density of efficient SERS hotspots.

Ion-Exchange Catalyst Marries Cationic Ring-Opening Polymerization with Functional Carboxylic Acid Initiators.

Compared with the conventionally used strong acid/electrophile initiators, carboxylic acids are much more compatible with other functional groups but are incapable of initiating cationic polymerization for the one-step synthesis of end-functionalized polymers. Using lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as a catalyst, we realized carboxylic acid-initiated cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx). The dynamic exchange between carboxylate and TFSI anions, driven by Li-carboxylate interaction, significantly enhances the activity of oxazolinium propagating species and ensures uniform chain growth, as shown by both experiments and calculations.

33 Unresolved Questions in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

Significant advances in science and engineering often emerge at the intersections of disciplines. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are inherently interdisciplinary, uniting researchers from chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, materials science, and engineering. This convergence has fostered novel ways of thinking and enabled the development of materials, tools, and technologies that have transformed both basic and applied research, as well as how we address critical societal challenges.

Enhanced Saltiness Perception of Gum Arabic-Stabilized Emulsions through Improved Sodium Retention in the Salivary Layer.

Salt reduction remains a critical challenge in oil-containing systems. We examined the influence of gum arabic (GA)-stabilized emulsions with varying oil contents (0.5, 1, and 2%) on saltiness perception.

Achieving Efficient Lifetime-Tunable Room-temperature Phosphorescent Cellulose with Excitation Wavelength- and Time-Dependence.

The precise modulation of the lifetime and the responsive properties of room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is essential for realizing its multifunctional applications. Herein, a facile strategy is presented to achieve a series of cellulose benzoate esters (CBE-X, X = H/CH/OH/NH) with lifetime-tunable RTP through substituent engineering. Enhancing the electron-donating ability of CBE-X effectively modulates the HOMO-LUMO gap, exciton energy, spin-orbit coupling, and interaction between cellulose chains, thereby enabling control over the RTP lifetime.

Improving the Activity and Stability of LaSrCoFeO Cathode Through Surface Modification with an Electro-Catalyst.

Although the conventional commercial solid oxide fuel cells cathode LaSrCoFeO (LSCF) exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, its oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics are still sluggish, and Strontium (Sr) segregation is also an issue for long-term stability. Herein, a Sr-free electro-catalyst PrBaCsCoO (PBCsC) is infiltrated on the surface of LSCF to form a PBCsC-LSCF electrode, accelerating the surface oxygen exchange and thus improving the ORR activity and stability. PBCsC-LSCF shows a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies and less Sr segregation, as confirmed by the analyses of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).