Polyphenolic nanodots loaded multi-layer MXene for strong, tough and rapidly biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol/starch nanocomposites with self-healing ability and improved aging resistance.

Carbohydr Polym

Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. Electronic address:

Published: November 2025


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Article Abstract

Inspired by spider silk, polyphenolic nanodots (PTa) loaded multi-layer MXene (mMXene-PTa) through hydrogen and coordination bonds was prepared by self-polymerizing tannic acid on mMXene and used as a new crosslinker for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Together with starch (ST), mMXene-PTa was compounded with PVA and exfoliated to fabricate PVA/ST/mMXene-PTa nanocomposite. The phenolic hydroxyl groups in PTa formed high-density H-bonds with PVA and ST, creating an organic-inorganic dynamic crosslinking network with mMXene-PTa as nodes. PVA/ST/mMXene-PTa achieved dual effects of reinforcement and toughening owing to the dynamic deformation and reconstruction of this crosslinking network following cyclical breaking and reforming of H-bonds under external loads. For instance, 5 % mMXene-PTa simultaneously increased the tensile strength of PVA/ST blend by 75 % and toughness by 108 %. Even at a 40 % reduced dosage, mMXene-PTa demonstrated comparable enhancements to mMXene in improving PVA/ST blend's strength and toughness. Meanwhile, uniform loading of PTa on mMXene enhanced its migration resistance and thermal stability. This amplified the UV-absorbing and radical scavenging capabilities of PTa, thereby endowing PVA/ST/mMXene-PTa with significantly improved resistance to photo, thermal and oxidative degradation. Furthermore, PVA/ST/mMXene-PTa showed self-healing ability and remarkably increased biodegradation rate. Taken together, this work explores a possible paradigm for the design of advanced PVA/ST materials.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124104DOI Listing

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