Unraveling the Vicious Cycle: Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Oxidative stress is characterized by an imbalance between the production and elimination of free radicals, where the rate of free radical generation surpasses the rate of their removal. This imbalance can lead to tissue and organ damage, contributing to the pathogenesis of various diseases. The nervous system, due to its high oxygen consumption, is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress.

Advances on the biosynthesis of ergothioneine using microbial chassis.

Ergothioneine (ERG) is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid with a unique structure. Due to its potent antioxidant properties and diverse biological functions, ERG has attracted increasing attention from researchers and is now widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. The primary methods for obtaining ergothioneine include biological extraction, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis.

A novel high-pressure low-temperature interface shear apparatus: Mechanical behavior of interface between hydrate-bearing sediment and foundation structure.

Metastable hydrates are widely distributed in shallow deep-sea sediments, posing significant risks to the long-term stability of offshore foundation structures. Unveiling the weakening mechanisms at the hydrate-bearing sediment-structure interface is crucial for establishing a theoretical framework for the safe design of deep-sea structures. A high-pressure (up to 12.

Multidimensional mechanisms of biochar in mitigating Fe(III) stress in anammox consortia.

The stress of high-concentration Fe(III) severely restricts the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) engineering application. Herein, we systematically investigated the mitigating mechanisms of biochar-mediated anammox system against Fe(III) stress by constructing a batch reaction system with a gradient Fe(III) concentration (0-100 mg/L). The results showed that biochar notably mitigated Fe(III) toxicity by synergizing multiple pathways, such as physical adsorption, chemical reduction, and biological sheltering.

Functionalizing cottonseed protein by sequential pH-shifting and ultrasonication.

The physicochemical, functional, rheological, conformational, and thermal attributes of cottonseed meal protein (CMP) prepared by pH-shifting and/or ultrasonication were investigated. CMP isolates were altered using acidic (pH 1.5, 3.

A vascular-associated fibroblastic cell controls pancreatic islet immunity.

The immune protection of pancreatic β cells has three layers: anatomical, with their distribution in 1 million islets; central, with the thymic deletion of β cell-specific T cells; and peripheral, with inhibitory cellular networks. The failure of the latter leads to most spontaneous type 1 diabetes and all diabetes induced by checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Because CD4 T cells initiate disease, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-expressing cells are central to the onset.

Unraveling the Size-Dependent Effect of Cu Cluster on CO Reduction Insight from Theory.

Atomically dispersed and cluster copper (Cu) catalysts anchored on nitrogenated holey carbon frameworks have garnered increasing attention as promising platforms for the electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR), yet the structural evolution and mechanistic origin of selectivity and C-C coupling on Cu clusters remain elusive. Herein, we performed a comprehensive first-principles study of Cu clusters supported on CN substrates to elucidate their structural stability, electronic properties, and catalytic behavior toward C-C products. The Cu atoms stably bind to N sites, evolving from planar to 3D configurations with an increasing cluster size.

Semiparametric Efficient Inference for the Probability of Necessary and Sufficient Causation.

Causal attribution, which seeks to explain the reasons behind events or behaviors, plays a critical role in causal inference and deepens our understanding of cause-and-effect relationships in scientific research. The probabilities of necessary causation (PN) and sufficient causation (PS) are two of the most common quantities for attribution in causal inference. While several works have explored the identification or bounds of PN and PS, efficient estimation remains unaddressed.

Comparative study on efficacy and safety of levetiracetam and lacoxamide in the treatment of epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease that seriously affects the quality of life of patients. There are many clinical drugs for treatment. Levetiracetam and lacoxamide have attracted much attention in recent years.

Constructing a pancancer ubiquitination regulatory network to determine tumor characteristics, immunotherapy response, and prognosis.

Background: Ubiquitination-a pivotal post-translational modification that orchestrates cellular homeostasis and oncogenic pathways-remains underexplored as a pancancer regulatory hub. Although ubiquitination dysregulation is linked to tumor progression, a comprehensive, multicancer framework integrating prognostic, molecular, and microenvironmental landscapes is lacking.

Methods: This study integrated data of 4,709 patients from 26 cohorts across five solid tumor types (lung cancer, esophageal cancer, cervical cancer, urothelial cancer, and melanoma) and mapped the molecular profiles to the interaction network.

A systematic review and exploration of clinical application of liver depression syndrome in breast cancer.

Unlabelled: Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies among women. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) identifies Liver depression syndrome as a core clinical pattern in breast cancer; however, the absence of systematic reviews addressing this specific syndrome has constrained the development and application of TCM interventions. This systematic review searched seven Chinese and English databases, and was supplemented by published books and clinical guidelines, to identify literature documenting TCM diagnostic indicators of Liver depression syndrome in breast cancer.

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict failure of initial radioactive iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Given the scarcity of studies predicting iodine-131 treatment failure based on clinicopathological factors, this study aimed to determine whether clinicopathological features can predict iodine-131 treatment failure in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients. A total of 182 patients were analyzed, including 114 with favorable outcomes and 68 with resistance or poor outcomes. Patients were split into a training set (122 patients) and a validation set (60 patients).

Dual Keap1-Dependent actions of pubescenoside A against ulcerative colitis: Promoting DDX5 ubiquitination degradation and Nrf2 nuclear translocation to suppress inflammation.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon, characterized by a complex clinical syndrome. Pubescenoside A (PBA), a phenylpropanoid derived from Ilex pubescens, exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects; however, the impact and underlying mechanism of PBA on UC remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the potential mechanism of PBA against UC using in vivo and in vitro experiments.

2 × 2 Charge Density Wave in FeNbSe Stabilized by Disordered Intercalation.

The complex interplay between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom underlies a rich variety of emergent phenomena in quantum materials, particularly charge density waves (CDWs). Understanding the distinct roles of electron carriers and structural order in CDW formation is crucial for elucidating the underlying mechanisms and enabling control over material properties. The intertwined effects of charge doping and structural periodicity make it challenging to isolate the individual contributions to lattice modulations.

Targeting p16-mediated cellular senescence as a therapeutic strategy for FLT3-ITD-driven acute myeloid leukemia.

Cellular senescence serves as a critical tumor-suppressive mechanism across various cancer types, yet its role in FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poorly understood. Through the analysis of multiple sequencing datasets, we identified that FLT3-ITD-positive patients with low p16 expression have significantly worse prognoses. Consistent with these clinical findings, knockout of p16 in mice was shown to accelerate FLT3-ITD AML onset.

A Preliminary Study of MRI-derived Glymphatic System Indices in Early-Stage Normal Ageing.

Rationale And Objectives: Glymphatic system (GS), known to clear out waste products rand metabolites from the central nervous system, has been implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to the lack of noninvasive biomarkers, its role in the pathogenesis of normal ageing population is limited. Indicators based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most promising methods for assessing GS impairments indirectly, this preliminary study was desired to evaluate whether the MRI-derived GS indices are age-related and to detect the associations among them.

High Sensitivity and Selectivity Electrochemiluminescence Sensor Based on the Regulation of Wettability in the Microchannel for the Detection of Glutathione in the Rat Brain.

Detection of glutathione (GSH) in the brain provides critical support for investigating the role of GSH in regulating brain function and the mechanism of related diseases. Regulation of the current going through the microchannel can regulate the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) response of the microchannel-based ECL system. In this study, an ECL sensor based on the regulation of wettability of the microchannel was constructed for the first time and successfully applied to detect GSH in the rat brain.

Predictors of diplopia following orbital fractures based on anatomical location, a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify predictors of diplopia following orbital fractures.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical and imaging data from 155 patients who experienced orbital fractures at our center between 2021 and 2023. Orbital fracture sites were classified as C/S/A according to imaging: the lacrimal bone was named as A1, the bony structure behind lamina papyracea as A2 and the lateral wall of the orbit (including the zygomatic bone and the greater wing of sphenoid) was appointed as A3 in the axial view; the orbital floor was divided into three equal parts as S1-S3 in the sagittal view; the frontal process of maxilla was designated as C1, the intermediate central midface between frontal process of maxilla and zygomaticomaxillary suture as C2 and the structure between the zygomaticofrontal suture and the zygomaticomaxillary suture was named as C3.

Agathic acid derivatives including a novel ferroptosis inhibitor from the fungus Penicillium thomii.

Ferroptosis contributes to neurodegenerative disorders, ischemic injuries, tumor progression, and acute organ dysfunction. Targeting its core mechanisms, lipid peroxidation and iron overload, ferroptosis inhibitors may offer innovative therapeutic strategies. In our study, chemical investigation of the fungus Penicillium thomii led to 14 agathic acid derivatives, including a new 2,3-seco-labdane (1), two new 19-nor-2,3-seco-labdanes (2 and 3), a new 3,19-dinor-2,3-seco-labdane (4), a new 19-nor labdane (5), and a new agathic acid analogue (6).

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of curdlan hydrogels: The role of thermal pre-treatment temperature.

Curdlan, a bacterial polysaccharide, forms thermo-irreversible gels through temperature alone; however, the high strength of these gels limits their versatility in food applications. This study unveils thermal pre-treatment as a breakthrough to customize curdlan gels. Preheating suspensions (40-80 °C) before 90 °C gelation revealed that 48-58 °C - the gel transition range - dramatically weakens the network.

Influenza-associated excess mortality associated with influenza B in Hong Kong, 2014-2023.

Background: Influenza B epidemics can have substantial public health impact. We aimed to estimate the mortality burden associated with influenza B virus infections over a 7-year period in Hong Kong.

Methods: Age- and cause-specific (i.

Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy With and Without PSMA PET-Targeted Prostate Biopsy for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis.

Purpose: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-GB) is associated with the underdiagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), and PSMA-PET-targeted prostate biopsy (PSMA-TB) may reduce the misclassification of PCa. The primary outcome was the accuracy of the two methods in identifying clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). The secondary outcomes included accuracy in identifying clinically insignificant PCa (insignPCa; GG1) and GG3 or greater tumors, cancer detection stratified by the previous biopsy status, and the detection rate of csPCa using the combination of PSMA-TB and TRUS-GB.

Prospective evaluation of arterial spin labeling and diffusion tensor imaging-magnetic resonance imaging for the non-invasive assessment of renal allograft dysfunction.

Background: The optimal management strategy for end-stage renal disease is renal transplantation, graft function must be monitored regularly postoperatively. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the value of combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters with laboratory parameters in assessing chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD), and to compare whether a combined approach was superior to single-parameter indicators.

Methods: A total of 86 subjects were enrolled in the study, of whom, 20 had stable renal function, and 66 had biopsy-confirmed CAD.

GABA outperforms iron and neuromelanin in detecting nigrostriatal alterations in early-stage Parkinson's disease with RBD.

This study aimed to examine variations in iron deposition, neuromelanin (NM) content, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate-glutamine complex (Glx) levels within the nigrostriatal pathway in early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with and without Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD). Twenty-two early-stage PD patients with RBD (PD-RBD), 33 without RBD (PD-nRBD), and 36 healthy controls (HC) were prospectively recruited and underwent 3 T MRI and H-MRS scans. GABA levels in the left basal ganglia were elevated in PD-nRBD versus HC (P = 0.