Elucidating the role of human skeletal muscles in the pathogenesis of enterovirus D68 infection.

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is an emerging respiratory virus associated with extra-respiratory complications, especially acute flaccid myelitis. However, the pathogenesis of acute flaccid myelitis is not fully understood. It is hypothesised that through infection of skeletal muscles, the virus further infects motor neurons via the neuromuscular junction.

Gastrointestinal involvement in very early and established systemic sclerosis: insights from the SPRING-SIR national Italian registry.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and Very Early Diagnosis of SSc (VEDOSS), identify clinical and serological features associated with GI involvement, and explore a cranio-caudal pattern of symptom distribution, using data from the Italian SPRING-SIR registry.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included patients fulfilling 2013 ACR/EULAR SSc or VEDOSS criteria. GI involvement was defined as symptoms in at least one GI tract segment and categorized as upper and lower.

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in a Child with No Known Exposure - San Francisco, California, December 2024-January 2025.

In response to a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) outbreak in U.S. dairy cows detected in March 2024, with subsequent identification of human cases, the San Francisco Department of Public Health instituted enhanced influenza surveillance (influenza A virus subtyping of a sample of specimens weekly) in June 2024.

Influenza-associated excess mortality associated with influenza B in Hong Kong, 2014-2023.

Background: Influenza B epidemics can have substantial public health impact. We aimed to estimate the mortality burden associated with influenza B virus infections over a 7-year period in Hong Kong.

Methods: Age- and cause-specific (i.