In-situ remediation efficiency and mechanism of tylosin contaminated soil with biochar immobilized degrading enzyme.

Residues of veterinary antibiotics such as tylosin in soils can induce selective pressure on indigenous soil microbes and increase the dissemination risk of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) by horizontal gene transfer (HGT), which poses a serious threat to both soil and public health. While conventional bioremediation methods face challenges in efficiency and stability, enzyme-based approaches offer promising alternatives. This study developed a novel biochar-immobilized tylosin-degrading enzyme (BIE) system to simultaneously address tylosin contamination and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) proliferation in agricultural soils.

Ball-milled biochar-vermiculite/zeolite magnetic composites for adsorption of lead and p-nitrophenol from wastewater: Synthesis, performance, and mechanisms.

Herein, ball-milled magnetic biochar-vermiculite composite (MBC@VT) and ball-milled magnetic biochar-zeolite composite (MBC@ZT) were synthesized via one-step ball-milling, and their adsorption capacities for Pb(II)/P-nitrophenol (PNP) in water were compared. The results demonstrated that the removal of Pb(II) and PNP through both materials was a complex, endothermic reaction mainly driven by chemisorption, with strong tolerance to pH changes and co-existing ions. MBC@VT showed superior adsorption for Pb(II) (reaching 367.

Molecular-level insights into directional condensation mechanism of phenolic acids during humic substance formation.

The regulation of humic substance formation during aerobic fermentation of organic solid waste has gradually become a research hotspot in related fields. The metabolic byproducts of lignocellulose have the potential to act as precursors for the synthesis of humic substances. This study, grounded in a robust framework of metabolic intermediate indicators, selected representative pure phenolic acid intermediates to conduct condensation experiments.

Engineering a recombinant VP2-Based neutralizing epitope vaccine candidate against canine parvovirus: a preliminary immunogenicity assessment.

Background: Canine parvovirus (CPV) poses a severe threat to canine health, necessitating the development of safer and more effective vaccines. While traditional vaccines carry risks of virulence reversion and environmental contamination, subunit vaccines-especially neutralizing epitope vaccines-offer promising alternatives by eliciting targeted immune responses with enhanced safety.

Methods: We employed bacterial display technology to express 11 overlapping CPV VP2 gene fragments on the periplasmic membrane of E.

Biomimetic mineralization material RMCP enhanced immunogenicity of subunit vaccine against Clostridium perfringens infection in mice.

Subunit vaccines offer high biosafety but face limited immunogenicity. In this study, we utilized a biomimetic mineralization strategy, rhamnolipid-modified manganese-doped calcium phosphate nanoparticles (RMCP), to enhance the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines based on-bacterial-like particle (BLPs). Subcutaneous administration of the developed vaccine, which is prepared by encapsulating BLP vaccine with RMCP (named RMCP@COB17) enhanced significantly elevated serum IgG antibody levels in mice, induced a Th1/Th2-balanced immune response, and promoted the secretion of cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-12.

Ionic strength effects on rheology, microstructure, and properties of diacylglycerol-based high internal phase Pickering emulsion-myofibrillar protein gels.

This study examined the effects of various ionic strengths (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.

The Small Cysteine-Rich Protein of Potato Mop-Top Virus Exhibits Viroporin Activity.

Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) is the causal agent of potato tuber spraing disease, which causes significant economic losses to potato production worldwide. The 3'-proximal end of PMTV genomic RNA3 encodes an 8 kDa cysteine-rich protein (8K) that is not essential for replication and movement but contributes to virus infection and symptom development. Here, we demonstrate that PMTV 8K forms endomembrane multimers, alters the membrane permeability of Escherichia coli, and possesses potassium and proton conductance activity.

An Increase in the Proportion of β-Diketone Epicuticular Wax Is a Beneficial Variant Trait for Drought Tolerance in Leymus chinensis.

Leymus chinensis is a perennial grass with remarkable adaptability and forage quality. It is the dominant species on the saline-alkali land in the Songnen Plain in Northeast China, where two ecotypes naturally grow: the grey-green (GG) and yellow-green (YG) genotypes, named after the leaf color. However, the differences in morphology and adaptability between the GG and YG ecotypes are not elucidated.

Establishing the super-enhancer landscape in chicken adipose tissue.

Enhancers are cis-regulatory elements that control spatiotemporal gene expression patterns. Super-enhancers (SEs), which function as clustered regulatory elements, play crucial roles in establishment and maintenance of cellular identity. Accumulating evidence highlights the importance of SEs in mammalian adipogenesis and fat deposition.

A T cell-based ubiquitin-mediated mRNA vaccine provides cross-protection against H1N1 and B influenza viruses in mice.

Given the persistent antigenic drift of seasonal influenza viruses and the continuous threat of emerging pandemics, there is an urgent necessity to develop novel influenza vaccines capable of conferring broad-spectrum immunity against multiple viral subtypes. CD8 T cells provide a promising approach to achieving such protection because of their ability to recognize conserved internal antigens. Particularly, the highly cross-reactive internal nucleoprotein of influenza virus demonstrates remarkable efficacy in safeguarding against infection caused by diverse strains.

GsSnRK1.1 Kinase Positively Regulates the Glycine soja Nitrate Transporter GsNRT2.4a in Response to Nitrogen Starvation.

Wild soybean (Glycine soja) is a leguminous species known for its ability to thrive in challenging and barren environments. It has been reported that the nitrate transporters (NRTs) play critical roles for plants to survive in the nutrient-poor soils. However, the molecular mechanisms of GsNRTs in governing nitrogen (N) uptake remain largely elusive.

Transcriptomic analysis of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SH7 reveals LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing-mediated putrescine degradation and enhanced biogenic amine reduction via luxS gene overexpression.

In this study, transcriptomic techniques were used to analyze how 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione (DPD), an exogenous autoinducer-2 (AI-2) precursor, promotes putrescine degradation by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SH7 through the LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing (QS) system. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that DPD addition up-regulated putrescine-degradation genes and down-regulated putrescine-synthesis genes in L. plantarum SH7, promoting putrescine degradation from both degradation and synthesis aspects.

Three undescribed Schinortriterpenoids from Schisandra chinensis and their neuroprotective effects.

Three undescribed SNTs, schisaterpene SU (1-3), were isolated from the extract of Schisandra chinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of HR-ESI-MS, NMR data and ECD calculation. All compounds were evaluated for their Neuroprotective activity induced by MPP in SH-SY5Y cells.

Synbiotic microencapsulation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-lentinan for enhanced growth in broilers.

Unlabelled: In the prevention and control of animal diseases, synbiotics combine the principles of probiotics and prebiotics, which play crucial roles in reducing intestinal disorders, such as diarrhea and indigestion, enhancing immune function, and decreasing the incidence of respiratory diseases in livestock and poultry. Following the confirmation of the prebiotic activity of lentinan, this study aimed to use microencapsulation technology to prepare synbiotics composed of () and lentinan. The optimal preparation process for the synbiotic microcapsules was determined through single-factor, orthogonal, and response surface experiments.

Recent advances in the pesticide activities of chalcone derivatives.

Obtaining pesticide-active structures from natural resources and using them as lead compounds for the invention of new pesticides has become a popular research trend in the field of pesticide science in recent years. Chalcone is a simple scaffold for a number of natural compounds and is extensively found in plants. Due to the presence of active α, β-unsaturated carbonyl groups, chalcone and its derivatives display a wide array of biological activities.

A Comprehensive Review on Physical Modifications of Plant Proteins: Mechanism, Influencing Factors, Structural and Functional Properties.

Plant proteins have received increasing attention from food researchers with the growing demand for plant proteins and the emphasis on healthy food and "clean labeling". However, due to their complex and dense structure and greater susceptibility to external factors, plant proteins exhibit poor functional properties, which are not conducive to processing and application in the food industry. Currently, physical modifications of plant proteins have been increasingly reported to improve their functional properties.

Deciphering intrakingdom synergism in 17β-estradiol degradation through DNA-SIP coupled metagenomics: Metabolic cooperation and niche partitioning in bioaugmented soil microbiomes.

17β-Estradiol (17β-E2), a persistent endocrine-disrupting compound, threatens ecosystem health through bioaccumulation. While bioaugmentation offers promise for environmental remediation, mechanistic insights into interspecies interactions between exogenous and indigenous degraders remain underexplored. Here, a synthetic microbial consortium (EL) was constructed by combining Rhodococcus erythropolis D310-1 and Microbacterium oxydans ML-6, which reduced the 17β-E2 degradation half-life by 53.

Bacillus velezensis MZ09 alleviates DSS-induced colitis in piglets by remodeling the intestinal microbiota activating the SCFAs-GPR43-STAT3 pathway and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic dysfunction. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of the probiotic Bacillus velezensis MZ09, which produces branched-chain short-chain fatty acids (BSCFAs), against the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in piglets.

Results: In this study, a DSS-induced piglet colitis model was established to explore the impact of MZ09.

Effects of 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D on the immune response in chicken embryo fibroblast cells infected by infectious bronchitis virus.

In addition to its nutritional role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, vitamin D also possesses immunoregulatory effects. Herein, we used chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEFs) to study the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)D) on the immune response induced by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection. We observed the inhibition to virus proliferation in the cells by adding 10 nM 1,25(OH)D.

Trans-2-pentenal suppresses potato common scab via dual inhibition of thiamine and energy metabolism in Streptomyces scabies.

Background: Potato common scab, a devastating soil-borne disease caused by Streptomyces scabies and other pathogenic Streptomyces species. Resistant cultivar Longshu 27 and susceptible Longshu 20 were used. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with direct antibacterial activity in potato tubers were identified and screened through HS-SPME-GC-MS and in vitro antibacterial assays.

Towards gene editing and torrefaction pretreatment for biochar functionalization.

The global demand for sustainable materials and carbon-neutral technologies drives innovations in biochar, a carbon-rich material for energy storage, pollution mitigation, and carbon sequestration. Conventional biochar, limited by poor conductivity and porosity, relies on fossil fuel-dependent activation. Recent advances in gene-editing technologies enable the precise reduction of lignin and enhance cellulose in woody biomass, improving its processability for biochar production.

Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Porcine Rotavirus VP6 Protein.

Porcine Rotavirus (PoRV), a predominant causative agent of neonatal diarrhea in piglets, shares substantial genetic homology with human rotavirus and represents a considerable threat to both public health and the global swine industry in the absence of specific antiviral interventions. The VP6 protein, an internal capsid component, is characterized by exceptional sequence conservation and robust immunogenicity, rendering it an ideal candidate for viral genotyping and vaccine development. In the present study, the recombinant plasmid pET28a(+)-VP6 was engineered to facilitate the high-yield expression and purification of the VP6 antigen.

Analysis of Insect Resistance and Ploidy in Hybrid Progeny of Transgenic Triploid Poplar 741.

With the increasing severity of forest pest problems, breeding insect-resistant varieties has become a crucial task for the sustainable development of forestry. The highly insect-resistant triploid Populus line Pb29, genetically modified with , served as the maternal parent in controlled hybridization with three paternal Populus cultivars. Hybrid progenies were obtained through embryo rescue and tissue culture.

DSTANet: A Lightweight and High-Precision Network for Fine-Grained and Early Identification of Maize Leaf Diseases in Field Environments.

Early and accurate identification of maize diseases is crucial for ensuring sustainable agricultural development. However, existing maize disease identification models face challenges including high inter-class similarity, intra-class variability, and limited capability in identifying early-stage symptoms. To address these limitations, we proposed DSTANet (decomposed spatial token aggregation network), a lightweight and high-performance model for maize leaf disease identification.